Paul H P Hanel
Biographic Data
| ID | 118906 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Paul H P Hanel |
| GIVEN NAMES | Paul H P |
| FAMILY NAME | Hanel |
| SIGNATURE | HANEL P H P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Essex |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3225-1395 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 36 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 19 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 36 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2016 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Perceived Value Congruence Between Parents: Effects on Young People’s Anxiety, Clear Communication, and Value Priorities
Previous research has established that congruence between people’s own values and how they perceive the values of others can have beneficial effects for their well-being. In the family context, research has primarily focused on congruence within parent-child relationships, offering limited insight into how young people interpret value congruence between their parents. Focusing on mother–father value congruence as perceived by the child, this stud…
Creativity enhancement methods for adults: A meta-analysis
This meta-analysis synthesizes 332 effect sizes of various methods to enhance creativity. We clustered all studies into twelve methods to identify the most effective creativity enhancement methods. We found that, on average, creativity can be enhanced, Hedges’ g = 0.53, 95%-CI [0.44, 0.61], with 70.09% of the participants in the enhancement conditions being more creative than the average person in the control conditions. Complex training courses,…
Spillover Effects in Creative Thinking: The Impact of Gaming and Mathematics on Creativity and Emotions
As automation advances and markets transform, creative skills are becoming increasingly important.In the present study (N = 813), we therefore investigate how creative performance can be enhanced.Participants either participated in a fun recreational game, a fun-focused game, a math task, or none (control condition).This allowed us to analyze the impact of tasks that elicit positive emotions due to their fun nature and more stressful tasks, such …
When Reality Meets Perception: Well-Being Effects of Objective and Subjective Person-Culture Matches in Religiosity
Previous research found that religious individuals report higher well-being when they live in a religious country—that is, when there is an objective match —or when they perceive their country as religious—that is, when there is a subjective match . Objective and subjective person-culture matches are typically considered different operationalizations of the same phenomenon. The present research, in contrast, suggests that objective and subjective…
Do empathic people respond differently to emotional voices
Past research on the use of motivational voice (or motivational prosody) has found that the way we modulate acoustic cues when we speak can have profound effects on others. However, it is unclear whether the effects also hold for other forms of social communication, such as emotional tone of voice, and what role empathy plays. Across three experiments (two preregistered), we found very large effects indicating that listening to an angry vs. happy…
Religious fundamentalism and radicalization: How nationalist-Islamist party politics polarizes Turkey—and how polarization can be reduced
The reactivity hypothesis posits that individuals who are, or perceive themselves to be, deprived tend to develop a fundamentalist worldview and/or are more likely to (further) radicalize. In the present study, however, we predicted that individuals who feel less deprived would exhibit a stronger fundamentalist worldview and/or radicalized attitudes in a political context characterized by polarization driven by leaders or institutions such as gov…
Differences and similarities in psychological characteristics between cultural groups circum Mediterranean
We examined differences and similarities between groups sampled from the Mediterranean region in social orientation, cognitive style, self-construal, and honor, face, dignity values, and concerns using a large battery of tasks and measures. We did this by conducting secondary data set analyses focusing on comparisons between nine pairs of samples recruited from the Mediterranean region (Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus [Greek and Turkish Cypr…
Do left-wingers discriminate? A cross-country study on the links between political orientation, values, moral foundations, and the Covid-19 passport
To increase Covid-19 vaccine uptake and protect vulnerable people, many countries have introduced a Covid-19 passport in 2021, allowing vaccinated individuals to access indoor facilities more freely and travel to foreign countries. However, the passport has had unintended consequences as it discriminates against those who do not want to get vaccinated for medical, religious, or political reasons, or those who do not have access to vaccines. The p…
A cross‐country assessment of conspiracy beliefs, trust in institutions, and attitudes towards the Covid‐19 vaccination
Conspiracy beliefs have spread during the Covid‐19 pandemic. It is important to understand them because of their potential to undermine trust in societal institutions and willingness to get vaccined. In the present research ( N = 538), we assessed the links between conspiracy beliefs, trust in institutions (e.g., government, WHO), and attitudes towards the Covid‐19 vaccination across the USA, Brazil and the UK. A moderated mediation analysis reve…
Correcting Misperceptions of Fundamental Differences Between U.S. Republicans and Democrats: Some Hope-Inspiring Effects
Perceived polarization between U.S. Democratic and Republican voters has grown over past decades, and this polarization underpins a dwindling sense of hope about the future. Contrary to this trend, the present three experiments (one pre-registered) with 2,529 U.S. participants found substantial similarities between the groups in their fundamental values. We tested whether depicting these real value similarities in overlapping distributions can co…
Value fulfillment and well‐being: Clarifying directions over time
OBJECTIVE: We investigate for the first time in a 9-day diary study whether fulfilling one's values predicts well-being or whether well-being predicts value fulfillment over time. BACKGROUND: The empirical associations between the importance of human values to individuals and their well-being are typically weak and inconsistent. More recently, value fulfillment (i.e., acting in line with one's values) has shown to be more strongly correlated with…
On the road: Personality and values of sojourners
Self-generated cognitive fluency: Consequences on evaluative judgments
People can support abstract reasoning by using mental models with spatial simulations. Such models are employed when people represent elements in terms of ordered dimensions (e.g. who is oldest, Tom, Dick, or Harry). We test and find that the process of forming and using such mental models can influence the liking of its elements (e.g. Tom, Dick, or Harry). The presumed internal structure of such models (linear-transitive array of elements), gene…
A many-analysts approach to the relation between religiosity and well-being
The relation between religiosity and well-being is one of the most researched topics in the psychology of religion, yet the directionality and robustness of the effect remains debated. Here, we adopted a many-analysts approach to assess the robustness of this relation based on a new cross-cultural dataset (N=10,535 participants from 24 countries). We recruited 120 analysis teams to investigate (1) whether religious people self-report higher well-…
From multiverse analysis to multiverse operationalisations: 262,143 Ways of Measuring Well-Being
Researchers are increasingly noticing the value of multiverse analysis. While such analysis is important, they should not neglect the impact of multiverse operationalisations on the outcome – that is, multiple ways of operationalising or measuring constructs such as well-being or religiosity. The “Many Analysts Religion Projects” (2022) found that different operationalisations of well-being impacted its association with religiosity. Here, we expa…
Active urbanism and choice architecture: Encouraging the use of challenging city routes for health and fitness
Inactivity is one of the major health risks in technologically developed countries. This paper explores the potential of a series of urban landscape interventions to engage people in physical activity. Online surveys were conducted with 595 participants living in the UK by inviting them to choose between conventional pavement or challenging routes (steppingstones, balancing beams, and high steps) using photorealistic images. Across four experimen…
Prejudice among egalitarians: The case of values and weight bias
Many domains of research suggest that high favourability to social power and low favourability to egalitarian ideals predict more prejudice against other groups. In the present article, we describe theory and evidence suggesting that the relations between power, egalitarianism and prejudice may be reversed for one group: fat men. Using both implicit and explicit measures, we found across four studies ( N = 602) that target gender moderated the re…
Science Communication as a Collective Intelligence Endeavor: A Manifesto and Examples for Implementation
Effective science communication is challenging when scientific messages are informed by a continually updating evidence base and must often compete against misinformation. We argue that we need a new program of science communication as collective intelligence—a collaborative approach, supported by technology. This would have four key advantages over the typical model where scientists communicate as individuals: scientific messages would be inform…
Priming creativity: Doing math reduces creativity and happiness whereas playing short online games enhance them
Creative thinking is an indispensable cognitive skill that is becoming increasingly important. In the present research, we tested the impact of games on creativity and emotions in a between-subject online experiment with four conditions ( N = 658). (1) participants played a simple puzzle game that allowed many solutions (priming divergent thinking); (2) participants played a short game that required one fitting solution (priming convergent thinki…
Volunteers’ concerns about facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is the application of an electrical current to the skin to induce muscle contractions and has enormous potential for basic research and clinical intervention in psychology and neuroscience. Because the technique remains largely unknown, and the prospect of receiving electricity to the face can be daunting, willingness to receive facial NMES is likely to be low and gender differences might exist i…
Author Correction: A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the Covid-19 pandemic
Perceptions of values over time and why they matter
OBJECTIVE: Extant research mostly treats values as being stable over time. Our research examined how people perceive values over time and whether or not these perceptions reflect motivational tensions between theoretically opposing values. We also assessed the viability of examining values over time to predict well-being and future intentions. METHOD: Four studies (N = 934) asked participants to report their values across past, present, and futur…
Measured and manipulated effects of value similarity on prejudice and well-being
We review recent research investigating the effect of shared human values on personal and social outcomes. Using more precise methods than past research, cross-sectional and experimental evidence suggests that well-being and prejudice are predicted by the extent to which people’s values align (or are perceived to align) with those of other people around them. Importantly, this research shows that these effects depend on the type of values being c…
Using Public Datasets to Understand the Psychological Correlates of Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Obesity: A Country-Level Analysis
In the present research, we investigate whether cultural value orientations (CVOs) and aggregate personality traits (Big-5) predict actual levels of alcohol consumption, smoking, and obesity across 50 countries using averages derived from millions of data points. Aggregate traits explained variance above and beyond CVOs in obesity (particularly neuroticism and extraversion), while CVOs explained variance beyond aggregate traits in alcohol consump…
A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the Covid-19 pandemic
A new way to look at the data: Similarities between groups of people are large and important
Most published research focuses on describing differences, while neglecting similarities that are arguably at least as interesting and important. In Study 1, we modified and extended prior procedures for describing similarities and demonstrate the importance of this exercise by examining similarities between groups on 22 social variables (e.g., moral attitudes, human values, and trust) within 6 commonly used social categories: gender, age, educat…
A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the Covid-19 pandemic
The Perception of Family, City, and Country Values Is Often Biased
People often make inferences about the values of other people in their families, cities, and countries, but there are reasons to expect systematic biases in these inferences. Across four studies ( N = 1,763), we examined people's perceptions of the values of their families, fellow citizens of the cities in which they live, and compatriots across three nations (Brazil, Germany, the United Kingdom). Our results show that people systematically mispe…
Differences and similarities in psychological characteristics between cultural groups circum Mediterranean
We examined differences and similarities between groups sampled from the Mediterranean region in social orientation, cognitive style, self-construal, and honor, face, dignity values, and concerns using a large battery of tasks and measures. We did this by conducting secondary data set analyses focusing on comparisons between nine pairs of samples recruited from the Mediterranean region (Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus [Greek and Turkish Cypr…
Science Communication as a Collective Intelligence Endeavor: A Manifesto and Examples for Implementation
Effective science communication is challenging when scientific messages are informed by a continually updating evidence base and must often compete against misinformation. We argue that we need a new program of science communication as collective intelligence—a collaborative approach, supported by technology. This would have four key advantages over the typical model where scientists communicate as individuals: scientific messages would be inform…
The source attribution effect: Demonstrating pernicious disagreement between ideological groups on non-divisive aphorisms
We tested whether mere source attribution is sufficient to cause polarization between groups, even on consensual non-divisive positions. Across four studies (N = 2182), using samples from Germany, the UK, and the USA, agreement with aphorisms was high in the absence of source attribution. In contrast, atheists agreed less with brief aphorisms when they were presented as Bible verses (Studies 1 and 2), whereas Christians agreed more (Study 2). Dem…
Do Student Samples Provide an Accurate Estimate of the General Public?
Most psychological studies rely on student samples. Students are usually considered as more homogenous than representative samples both within and across countries. However, little is known about the nature of the differences between student and representative samples. This is an important gap, also because knowledge about the degree of difference between student and representative samples may allow to infer from the former to the latter group. A…
Does Spontaneous Favorability to Power (vs. Universalism) Values Predict Spontaneous Prejudice and Discrimination
OBJECTIVE: We conducted five studies testing whether an implicit measure of favorability toward power over universalism values predicts spontaneous prejudice and discrimination. METHOD: Studies 1 (N = 192) and 2 (N = 86) examined correlations between spontaneous favorability toward power (vs. universalism) values, achievement (vs. benevolence) values, and a spontaneous measure of prejudice toward ethnic minorities. Study 3 (N = 159) tested whethe…
A Meta-Analysis of the Relation between Creative Self-Efficacy and Different Creativity Measurements
A new way to look at the data: Similarities between groups of people are large and important
Most published research focuses on describing differences, while neglecting similarities that are arguably at least as interesting and important. In Study 1, we modified and extended prior procedures for describing similarities and demonstrate the importance of this exercise by examining similarities between groups on 22 social variables (e.g., moral attitudes, human values, and trust) within 6 commonly used social categories: gender, age, educat…
The source attribution effect: Demonstrating pernicious disagreement between ideological groups on non-divisive aphorisms
We tested whether mere source attribution is sufficient to cause polarization between groups, even on consensual non-divisive positions. Across four studies (N = 2182), using samples from Germany, the UK, and the USA, agreement with aphorisms was high in the absence of source attribution. In contrast, atheists agreed less with brief aphorisms when they were presented as Bible verses (Studies 1 and 2), whereas Christians agreed more (Study 2). Dem…
The Perception of Family, City, and Country Values Is Often Biased
People often make inferences about the values of other people in their families, cities, and countries, but there are reasons to expect systematic biases in these inferences. Across four studies ( N = 1,763), we examined people's perceptions of the values of their families, fellow citizens of the cities in which they live, and compatriots across three nations (Brazil, Germany, the United Kingdom). Our results show that people systematically mispe…
Sharing the Same Political Ideology Yet Endorsing Different Values: Left- and Right-Wing Political Supporters Are More Heterogeneous Than Moderates
Members of extreme political groups are usually perceived as more homogeneous than moderates. We investigated whether members of the general public who share the same political ideology would exhibit different levels of heterogeneity in terms of human values across 20 European countries and Israel. We directly compared the variability across moderate-, left-, and right-wing groups. Our findings suggest that the values of more extreme (left-wing o…
Beyond reporting statistical significance: Identifying informative effect sizes to improve scientific communication
Transparent communication of research is key to foster understanding within and beyond the scientific community. An increased focus on reporting effect sizes in addition to p value–based significance statements or Bayes Factors may improve scientific communication with the general public. Across three studies ( N = 652), we compared subjective informativeness ratings for five effect sizes, Bayes Factor, and commonly used significance statements. …
Centrality of Religiosity, Schizotypy, and Human Values: The Impact of Religious Affiliation
Previous research has established a reliable link between religiosity and schizotypy as well as schizophrenia. However, past research mainly measured religiosity as a one-dimensional construct. In the present research (N = 189), we aimed to get a better understanding of the religiosity-schizotypy link by measuring religiosity using Huber's five-dimensional model of Centrality of Religiosity, while also testing for curvilinear relations and potent…
The Very Efficient Assessment of Need for Cognition: Developing a Six-Item Version
The need for cognition refers to people’s tendency to engage in and enjoy thinking and has become influential across social and medical sciences. Using three samples from the United States and the United Kingdom ( N = 1,596), we introduce a six-item short version of the Need for Cognition Scale (NCS-18). First, we reduced the number of items from 18 to 6 based on the items’ discrimination values, threshold levels, measurement precision (item info…
Psychometric Evidence of the Short Almost Perfect Scale (Saps) in Brazil
Perfectionism can be understood as a personality trait that establishes excessively high standards for the performance of individuals and ostensibly critical self-evaluations. It is associated with a range of variables, such as anxiety, suicidal tendencies, depression, and low satisfaction with life. The Short Almost Perfect Scale (SAPS) overcame some limitations of previous measures (e.g., ambiguity, nonnecessary factors). In the present researc…
Perceptions of values over time and why they matter
OBJECTIVE: Extant research mostly treats values as being stable over time. Our research examined how people perceive values over time and whether or not these perceptions reflect motivational tensions between theoretically opposing values. We also assessed the viability of examining values over time to predict well-being and future intentions. METHOD: Four studies (N = 934) asked participants to report their values across past, present, and futur…
Measured and manipulated effects of value similarity on prejudice and well-being
We review recent research investigating the effect of shared human values on personal and social outcomes. Using more precise methods than past research, cross-sectional and experimental evidence suggests that well-being and prejudice are predicted by the extent to which people’s values align (or are perceived to align) with those of other people around them. Importantly, this research shows that these effects depend on the type of values being c…
Using Public Datasets to Understand the Psychological Correlates of Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Obesity: A Country-Level Analysis
In the present research, we investigate whether cultural value orientations (CVOs) and aggregate personality traits (Big-5) predict actual levels of alcohol consumption, smoking, and obesity across 50 countries using averages derived from millions of data points. Aggregate traits explained variance above and beyond CVOs in obesity (particularly neuroticism and extraversion), while CVOs explained variance beyond aggregate traits in alcohol consump…
A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the Covid-19 pandemic
Priming creativity: Doing math reduces creativity and happiness whereas playing short online games enhance them
Creative thinking is an indispensable cognitive skill that is becoming increasingly important. In the present research, we tested the impact of games on creativity and emotions in a between-subject online experiment with four conditions ( N = 658). (1) participants played a simple puzzle game that allowed many solutions (priming divergent thinking); (2) participants played a short game that required one fitting solution (priming convergent thinki…
Volunteers’ concerns about facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is the application of an electrical current to the skin to induce muscle contractions and has enormous potential for basic research and clinical intervention in psychology and neuroscience. Because the technique remains largely unknown, and the prospect of receiving electricity to the face can be daunting, willingness to receive facial NMES is likely to be low and gender differences might exist i…
Author Correction: A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the Covid-19 pandemic
On the road: Personality and values of sojourners
Self-generated cognitive fluency: Consequences on evaluative judgments
People can support abstract reasoning by using mental models with spatial simulations. Such models are employed when people represent elements in terms of ordered dimensions (e.g. who is oldest, Tom, Dick, or Harry). We test and find that the process of forming and using such mental models can influence the liking of its elements (e.g. Tom, Dick, or Harry). The presumed internal structure of such models (linear-transitive array of elements), gene…
A many-analysts approach to the relation between religiosity and well-being
The relation between religiosity and well-being is one of the most researched topics in the psychology of religion, yet the directionality and robustness of the effect remains debated. Here, we adopted a many-analysts approach to assess the robustness of this relation based on a new cross-cultural dataset (N=10,535 participants from 24 countries). We recruited 120 analysis teams to investigate (1) whether religious people self-report higher well-…
From multiverse analysis to multiverse operationalisations: 262,143 Ways of Measuring Well-Being
Researchers are increasingly noticing the value of multiverse analysis. While such analysis is important, they should not neglect the impact of multiverse operationalisations on the outcome – that is, multiple ways of operationalising or measuring constructs such as well-being or religiosity. The “Many Analysts Religion Projects” (2022) found that different operationalisations of well-being impacted its association with religiosity. Here, we expa…
Active urbanism and choice architecture: Encouraging the use of challenging city routes for health and fitness
Inactivity is one of the major health risks in technologically developed countries. This paper explores the potential of a series of urban landscape interventions to engage people in physical activity. Online surveys were conducted with 595 participants living in the UK by inviting them to choose between conventional pavement or challenging routes (steppingstones, balancing beams, and high steps) using photorealistic images. Across four experimen…
Prejudice among egalitarians: The case of values and weight bias
Many domains of research suggest that high favourability to social power and low favourability to egalitarian ideals predict more prejudice against other groups. In the present article, we describe theory and evidence suggesting that the relations between power, egalitarianism and prejudice may be reversed for one group: fat men. Using both implicit and explicit measures, we found across four studies ( N = 602) that target gender moderated the re…
Science Communication as a Collective Intelligence Endeavor: A Manifesto and Examples for Implementation
Effective science communication is challenging when scientific messages are informed by a continually updating evidence base and must often compete against misinformation. We argue that we need a new program of science communication as collective intelligence—a collaborative approach, supported by technology. This would have four key advantages over the typical model where scientists communicate as individuals: scientific messages would be inform…
Psychology (30 works) · Social Psychology (29 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (15 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (11 works) · Political science (10 works) · Statistics (9 works) · Medicine (7 works) · Personality (7 works) · Politics (7 works) · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment (7 works)