Donald T Campbell
Biographic Data
| ID | 120707 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Donald T Campbell |
| GIVEN NAMES | Donald T |
| FAMILY NAME | Campbell |
| SIGNATURE | CAMPBELL D T |
| AFFILIATIONS | Northwestern University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 86 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 3142 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 86 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1949 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
The Experimenting Society
Science requires a disputatious community of “truth seekers.” The ideology of the scientific revolution agrees with Popper's (1952, 21622) epistemological sociology of science. The norms of science are explicitly anti-authoritarian, antitraditional, antirevelational, and proindividualistic. Truth is yet to be discovered. Old beliefs are to be systematically doubted until they have been reconfirmed by the methods of the new science. Persuasion is …
In Search of the Never-Never: Mickey Dewar: Champion of History Across Many Genres
Mickey Dewar made a profound contribution to the history of the Northern Territory, which she performed across many genres. She produced high-quality, memorable and multi-sensory histories, including the Cyclone Tracy exhibition at the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory and the reinterpretation of Fannie Bay Gaol. Informed by a great love of books, her passion
Unobtrusive Measures
Common fate, similarity, and other indices of the status of aggregates of persons as social entities
Explaining Scientific Consensus: The Case of Mendelian Genetics
Interpersonal Expectations: Theory, Research and Applications
This 1993 volume brings together critical analysis of the phenomenon called interpersonal expectation - a sub-area of social psychology that studies how the expectations of one person affects the behavior of another in an interactive setting. The book is divided into three major sections: the first examines real-world applications of research on interpersonal expectations, such as in the courtroom, classroom, and operating room; the second consid…
Mobilization to Achieve Collective Action and Democratic Majority/Plurality Amplification
This article extends the exchange between William Graebner, Miriam Lewin, and Ronald Lippitt concerning the politics and ethics of “democratic social engineering” and “action research.” It proposes the hypothesis that mobilization for collective action in a democracy requires majority/plurality power amplification. Areas of social science research are reinterpreted in light of this hypothesis, focusing on the conflict between mobilizing for colle…
Citations do not solve problems
Campbell and Fiske's 1959 article made the now-obvious statement that measures of the same variable made by different methods should agree (converge) and certainly should agree better than measures of different variables made by those several methods. Almost everyone accepted that statement, yet the multitrait-multimethod matrices published today show little or no improvement over the published examples cited in 1959. The article raised the conce…
A Career That Has Helped Make Social Science Science
Evolving Methods for Enhancing Validity
On the Measurement of Stability in Over‐Time Data
In this article, autoregressive models and growth curve models are compared Autoregressive models are useful because they allow for random change, permit scores to increase or decrease, and do not require strong assumptions about the level of measurement Three previously presented designs for estimating stability are described ( a ) time‐series, ( b ) simplex, and ( c ) two‐wave, one‐factor methods A two‐wave, multiple‐factor model also is presen…
In Memoriam: Milton Rokeach, 1918-1988
Journal Article Milton Rokeach, 1981–1988 Get access DONALD T. CAMPBELL DONALD T. CAMPBELL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 53, Issue 2, Summer 1989, Pages 258–261, https://doi.org/10.1086/269506 Published: 01 January 1989
Guidelines for Monitoring the Scientific Competence of Preventive Intervention Research Centers: An Exercise in the Sociology of Scientific Validity
Advisingfunders of applied social science on how to optimize the validity ofsuch research requires an implicit or explicit "sociology of scientific validity. " While such a sociology is not yet formally available, this essay attempts to make recommendations upon such a base. The specific target is preventive intervention research in mental health. Twelve of the specific recommendations are directed toward creating a mutually-monitoring (reinforci…
The causal assumptions of quasi-experimental practice: The origins of quasi-experimental practice
The Agenda beyond Axelrod's The Evolution of Cooperation
Toward an Epistemologically-Relevant Sociology of Science
Donald Campbell: I would have liked to have presented here, for your critical comments, a welldeveloped social theory of how science works when science is successfully improving scientific beliefs. I will refer to such a theory as an epistemologicallyrelevant sociology of science, even though no such theory is available. The people who are most assiduously studying the sociology of science are reluctant to add this policy-relevant domain to their…
Experiments as A rguments
The Kurt Lewin Memorial Award Presentation: By The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues to Marie Jahoda
Natural Selection, Energetics, and "Cultural Materialism" [and Comments and Reply]
Harris's cultural materialistic strategy of research must be more explicit in recognizing that it deals with nonlinear events that are constantly modified by natural-selective processes. These processes require a different kind of explanation, called here "selection explanation." Moreover, the tripartite notion of infrastructure/structure/superstructure and the mental/behavioral, emic/etic, and culture/nature dichotomies do not allow unambiguous …
Soviet Perspectives on American Social Psychology: Introduction
This issue of Soviet Psychology provides a partial introduction to the publications of the Division of Philosophical and Social Psychological Problems of the Institute of Psychology of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The Institute of Psychology was founded in 1971. The social psychology group has approximately a dozen full-time members and represents the largest concentration of social psychological efforts in the USSR. (It should be noted that the…
E. G. Boring and Applied Psychology
Assessing the impact of planned social change
A Tribal Model of the Social System Vehicle Carrying Scientific Knowledge
Ethnocentrism and Intergroup Attitudes: East African Evidence
"Is social evolution a moral inversion?": Response
Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix
This data set was collected to examine the eHealth Literacy Scale as a means of assessing eHealth literacy among German athletes. In this context, we pursued two objectives with this study: first, to test the factorial structure of the GR-eHEALS and assess its construct validity by examining both convergent and discriminant validity; and second, to examine the associations between eHealth literacy and health-related outcomes (i.e., substance use …
Reforms as experiments
Nach Campbell gibt es fur die Mehrzahl sozialer Pragramme noch immer keine interpretierbaren Evaluationen. Sein Artikel befast sich mit den Grunden dafur und versucht Wege aufzuzeigen, wie dies geandert werden konnte. Problem: Fur viele Reformen wird abgestimmt, als sei bereits sicher, das die gewunschte Wirkung auftritt. Zeigen die Ergebnisse spater etwas anderes an, last dies den Politiker unglaubwurdig wirken. Losungsvorschlag: Der Autor wunsc…
Common fate, similarity, and other indices of the status of aggregates of persons as social entities
III. "Degrees of Freedom" and the Case Study
Blind variation and selective retentions in creative thought as in other knowledge processes
The Connecticut Crackdown on Speeding: Time-Series Data in Quasi-Experimental Analysis
Social research frequently encounters the task of evaluating change produced in nonrandomly selected groups by events which are beyond the researcher's control. The social scientist must verify that there has in fact been a change, and that the indicated event is its cause. Illustrations are manifold: a state terminates capital punishment, and proponents of this type of punishment predict an increase in the murder rate; a school is integrated, an…
Stereotypes and the perception of group differences
Factors relevant to the validity of experiments in social settings
This chapter attempts a specification of the major categories of extraneous variables and employs these categories in evaluating the validity of standard designs for experimentation in the social sciences. The extraneous variables affecting internal validity are introduced in the process of analyzing three pre-experimental designs. In the subsequent evaluation of the applicability of three true experimental designs, factors leading to external in…
The Informant in Quantitative Research
The anthropological use of the informant is distinguished from the social survey in that the respondents are selected not for their representativeness but rather on the bases of informedness and ability to communicate with the social scientist. As such, the method seems to have general social science utility. In a study of the comparative morale often submarine crews, the rankings provided by three offship informants correlate .9 with rankings re…
Determining the Social Effects of a Legal Reform: The British "Breathalyser" Crackdown of 1967
The Influence of Culture on Visual Perception
A proposal for cooperative cross-cultural research on ethnocentrism
The research setting envisaged is primarily that of anthropological field work, with ethnographers being encouraged to extend their data collection program to include this content, where not already a part of their scheduled activity. In this sense, first, the proposal is for cooperative research. To justify such cooperation in field work as well as for other reasons, it has seemed desirable to
The perpetuation of an arbitrary tradition through several generations of a laboratory microculture
Recency and primacy in persuasion as a function of the timing of speeches and measurements
Guidelines for Monitoring the Scientific Competence of Preventive Intervention Research Centers: An Exercise in the Sociology of Scientific Validity
Advisingfunders of applied social science on how to optimize the validity ofsuch research requires an implicit or explicit "sociology of scientific validity. " While such a sociology is not yet formally available, this essay attempts to make recommendations upon such a base. The specific target is preventive intervention research in mental health. Twelve of the specific recommendations are directed toward creating a mutually-monitoring (reinforci…
More plausible rival hypotheses in the cross-lagged panel correlation technique
A Tribal Model of the Social System Vehicle Carrying Scientific Knowledge
The Social Scientist as Methodological Servant of the Experimenting Society
On the Genetics of Altruism and the Counter‐Hedonic Components in Human Culture 1
Man is more similar to the social insects than to the wolf and chimpanzee in complex social coordination, division of labor, and self‐sacrificial altruism. In the social insects, the behavioral dispositions involved are genetically determined, an evolution made possible by the absence of genetic competition among the cooperators. In man, genetic competition precludes the evolution of such genetic altruism. The behavioral dispositions which produc…
Seating Aggregation as an Index of Attitude
An index of aggregation, computed as the departure from randomness in the number of classroom Negro-white seating adjacencies, is examined as a tentative index of interracial attitudes. In the three schools studied, significant aggregation by race was found. Two schools selected on a priori grounds showed an expected difference in degree of aggregation. All schools also showed significant aggregation by sex. Control analyses examining the effect …
Testing a Single-Factor Model as an Alternative to the Misuse of Partial Correlations in Hypothesis-Testing Research
The indirect assessment of social attitudes
Natural Selection, Energetics, and "Cultural Materialism" [and Comments and Reply]
Harris's cultural materialistic strategy of research must be more explicit in recognizing that it deals with nonlinear events that are constantly modified by natural-selective processes. These processes require a different kind of explanation, called here "selection explanation." Moreover, the tripartite notion of infrastructure/structure/superstructure and the mental/behavioral, emic/etic, and culture/nature dichotomies do not allow unambiguous …
Galvanic skin response to Negro and white experimenters
The causal assumptions of quasi-experimental practice: The origins of quasi-experimental practice
Bias in Mail Surveys
Journal Article BIAS IN MAIL SURVEYS Get access DONALD T. CAMPBELL DONALD T. CAMPBELL Ohie State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 13, Issue 3, FALL 1949, Page 562, https://doi.org/10.1086/266114 Published: 01 January 1949
The indirect assessment of social attitudes
Ethnocentrism, Xenophobia and Personality
On the liability of stereotype or hypothesis
Changing the Attitude of Christian Toward Jew: A Psychological Approach Through Religion. Henry Enoch Kagan Race Awareness in Young Children. Mary L. Goodman
Measuring propaganda effects with direct and indirect attitude tests
A Rationale for Weighting First, Second, and Third Sociometric Choices
Galvanic skin response to Negro and white experimenters
Conformity to groups as a function of group success
“Three person groups were given different degrees of success and failure in a collaborative group task. Following this, individuals twice judged the number of flickers of a light, receiving a purported average judgment prior to the second estimate.” Persons in groups given all successes showed signi
A demonstration of bias in estimates of Negro ability
An error in some demonstrations of the superior social perceptiveness of leaders
Enhancement of contrast as composite habit
The Informant in Quantitative Research
The anthropological use of the informant is distinguished from the social survey in that the respondents are selected not for their representativeness but rather on the bases of informedness and ability to communicate with the social scientist. As such, the method seems to have general social science utility. In a study of the comparative morale often submarine crews, the rankings provided by three offship informants correlate .9 with rankings re…
Response set in the F scale
Factors relevant to the validity of experiments in social settings
This chapter attempts a specification of the major categories of extraneous variables and employs these categories in evaluating the validity of standard designs for experimentation in the social sciences. The extraneous variables affecting internal validity are introduced in the process of analyzing three pre-experimental designs. In the subsequent evaluation of the applicability of three true experimental designs, factors leading to external in…
The generality of attitudes toward authority and nonauthority figures
Military Experience and Attitudes Toward Authority
The effect of military experience on attitudes toward authority was measured by testing a group of Air Force cadets in their first week of training and again one year later and by comparing populations with varying periods of military experience. Contrary to expectation, authoritarianism and orientation toward superiors decrease with increasing military experience. The principal measures used were the F-scale measure of authoritarian personality …
Progression from Simple to Complex as a Molar Law of Learning
The Effect of Acquiescence Response-Set Upon Relationships Among the F Scale, Ethnocentrism, and Intelligence
Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix
This data set was collected to examine the eHealth Literacy Scale as a means of assessing eHealth literacy among German athletes. In this context, we pursued two objectives with this study: first, to test the factorial structure of the GR-eHEALS and assess its construct validity by examining both convergent and discriminant validity; and second, to examine the associations between eHealth literacy and health-related outcomes (i.e., substance use …
Recency and primacy in persuasion as a function of the timing of speeches and measurements
Regression-discontinuity analysis: An alternative to the ex post facto experiment.
This study presents a method of testing casual hypotheses, called regression-discontinuity analysis, in situations where the investigator is unable to randomly assign Ss to experimental and control groups. The Ss were selected from near winners--5126 students who received certificates of merit and 2
Recommendations for APA test standards regarding construct, trait, or discriminant validity
The Effect of Acquiescence Response-Set Upon the Relationship of the F Scale and Conformity
Blind variation and selective retentions in creative thought as in other knowledge processes
Psychology (70 works) · Social Psychology (40 works) · Computer Science (30 works) · Sociology (24 works) · Political science (18 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Philosophy (13 works) · Cognitive psychology (11 works) · Epistemology (11 works) · Mathematics (11 works)