Sam Glucksberg
Biographic Data
| ID | 1207209 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Sam Glucksberg |
| GIVEN NAMES | Sam |
| FAMILY NAME | Glucksberg |
| SIGNATURE | GLUCKSBERG S |
| AFFILIATIONS | Princeton University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 181 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1964 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
What Influences Successful Communication? An Examination of Cognitive Load and Individual Differences
The underlying cognitive mechanisms explaining why speakers sometimes make communication errors are not well understood. Some scholars have theorized that audience design engages automatic processes when a listener is present; others argue that it relies on effortful resources, even if a listener is present. We hypothesized that working memory is engaged during communicative audience design and that the extent to which working memory is engaged r…
Does understanding negation entail affirmation
When Dogs Can Fly
How do people recognize metaphors? In nominal metaphors, such as "My lawyer is a shark," the metaphor vehicle "shark" refers to an abstract category of predatory creatures, not to the basic-level concept, the literal fish we call "shark." People can use the level of abstraction of the metaphor vehicle (shark) as a cue that the expression is intended metaphorically rather than literally (Glucksberg & Keysar, 1990). Can the metaphorical use of verb…
The psycholinguistics of metaphor
Understanding Figurative Language
"Understanding Figurative Language presents an account of how people use and understand metaphors and idioms in everyday life. Traditionally, figurative language, such as metaphors and idioms, has been considered to be derived from and more complex than ostensibly straightforward literal language. Glucksberg argues instead that figurative language involves the same kinds of linguistic and pragmatic operations used for ordinary, literal language. …
Inhibition of the Literal
When people understand metaphors, irrelevant information must be filtered out; for example, to say that one's lawyer is a shark should not be taken to mean that he or she could breathe underwater. We employed a variant of the independent cue paradigm to determine whether metaphor-irrelevant information is inhibited. Consistent with earlier findings of inhibitory processes in idiom comprehension, we found evidence of inhibition of irrelevant infor…
Inhibition of the Literal
When love is not a journey
Conceptual Combinations
Noun-noun compounds, such as shark lawyer, are claimed to be interpreted via property construction when the noun concepts are similar (Wisniewski, 1996). In Experiment 1, noun-noun compounds with dissimilar constituents were derived from metaphors and were given to participants for interpretation. Property construction interpretations were overwhelmingly preferred, despite the dissimilarity of the constituents. In Experiment 2, noun-noun compound…
Property Attribution in Metaphor Comprehension
How about another piece of pie
Commentary on Nonliteral Language
The three articles in this issue deal with how metaphors and irony are understood as well as with the uses of metaphor and irony in discourse. I discuss alternative models of metaphor comprehension and also propose a general. model of discourse irony that is consistent with the findings reported by Dews and Winner and by Kreuz and Roberts. In both the metaphor and irony models, literal meaning is treated as an integral part of the comprehension p…
Semantic productivity and idiom comprehension
When people understand an idiom such as “spill the beans,” two kinds of meaning are simultaneously apprehended: the meanings of the words themselves and the idiomatic meaning. Standard models of language comprehension assume that the literal meanings of figurative expressions are rejected in favor of a nonliteral meaning. We propose an alternative approach in which literal meanings are systematically used to constrain the use and variation of con…
Metaphor and Communication
Understanding metaphorical comparisons
Traditionally, metaphors such as job is a jail have been treated as implicit similes (i.e., this metaphor would be treated as if it were a comparison statement, job is like a jail). Tversky's account of similarity is applied to such nonliteral similarity expressions, and is shown to apply as readily to nonliteral comparisons as to literal comparisons. But treating metaphors as comparison statements fails to account for certain important phenomena…
How to be sarcastic
Les conditions dans lesquelles un enonce est reconnu comme sarcastique varient selon que l'enonce est positif ou negatif. Il est rendu compte de cette asymetrie a l'aide de la theorie «du rappel en echo» (un sarcasme fait alusion a une situation antecedente) dans un cas et aux normes et attentes sociales dans l'autre cas (enonce positif) ― 3 experiences avec des scenaris contenant ou non des «victimes» testent cette hypothese
Metaphors in Conversation
Literal and nonliteral expressions are compared with respect to how they are understood in ordinary conversation. Analysis suggests that literal expressions have the same recognition problems as metaphors; namely, they both require listeners to classify utterances as to propositional types. Literal and metaphorical expressions also do not differ with respect to priority of understanding (i.e., nonliteral interpretation is not an option that depen…
Metaphors do not use associations between concepts, they are used to create them
On understanding metaphor
On understanding nonliteral speech
Integration of Clauses in Oral Reading
Sam Glucksberg, Joseph H. Danks, Integration of Clauses in Oral Reading: The Effects of Syntactic and Semantic Constraints on the Eye-Voice Span, Reading Research Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 2 (1977 - 1978), pp. 174-187
Psychological Scaling of Linguistic Properties
Adults' abilities to judge selected properties of sentences were examined in three separate studies. In the first two, subjects rated the grammaticalness of sentences varying in grammaticalness according to linguistic theory. The judgments showed high within-subject consistency and between-subjects agreement. Furthermore, the resultant scales were linear, indicating that grammaticalness may be viewed as a unitary dimension. There was, however, so…
On the description of subcultural lexicons
The purpose of this study was to describe the differences in the multidimensional structure of social- and personality-trait words as a function of experience within a specific subculture. Fifteen freshmen and 15 seniors at Princeton University ascribed 60 trait adjectives, 20 of which belonged to the student slang lexicon, to people they knew. Disassociation measures between pairs of traits were used to provide a multidimensional scaling (MDS) s…
Asymmetric Transfer between the Remote Associates Test and Functional Fixedness
Problem Solving
A functional fixedness problem was constructed which consisted of two sub-tasks. The initial sub-task, termed problem perception, was designed to involve minimal response competition. The second, a functional fixedness sub-task, involved both high and low response competition. Drive level did not influence problem perception time. High drive impaired problem-solving performance by increasing functional fixedness strength when response competition…
Understanding metaphorical comparisons
Traditionally, metaphors such as job is a jail have been treated as implicit similes (i.e., this metaphor would be treated as if it were a comparison statement, job is like a jail). Tversky's account of similarity is applied to such nonliteral similarity expressions, and is shown to apply as readily to nonliteral comparisons as to literal comparisons. But treating metaphors as comparison statements fails to account for certain important phenomena…
Does understanding negation entail affirmation
Semantic productivity and idiom comprehension
When people understand an idiom such as “spill the beans,” two kinds of meaning are simultaneously apprehended: the meanings of the words themselves and the idiomatic meaning. Standard models of language comprehension assume that the literal meanings of figurative expressions are rejected in favor of a nonliteral meaning. We propose an alternative approach in which literal meanings are systematically used to constrain the use and variation of con…
When love is not a journey
Metaphors do not use associations between concepts, they are used to create them
On the description of subcultural lexicons
The purpose of this study was to describe the differences in the multidimensional structure of social- and personality-trait words as a function of experience within a specific subculture. Fifteen freshmen and 15 seniors at Princeton University ascribed 60 trait adjectives, 20 of which belonged to the student slang lexicon, to people they knew. Disassociation measures between pairs of traits were used to provide a multidimensional scaling (MDS) s…
Metaphor and Communication
Integration of Clauses in Oral Reading
Sam Glucksberg, Joseph H. Danks, Integration of Clauses in Oral Reading: The Effects of Syntactic and Semantic Constraints on the Eye-Voice Span, Reading Research Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 2 (1977 - 1978), pp. 174-187
Psychological Scaling of Linguistic Properties
Adults' abilities to judge selected properties of sentences were examined in three separate studies. In the first two, subjects rated the grammaticalness of sentences varying in grammaticalness according to linguistic theory. The judgments showed high within-subject consistency and between-subjects agreement. Furthermore, the resultant scales were linear, indicating that grammaticalness may be viewed as a unitary dimension. There was, however, so…
What Influences Successful Communication? An Examination of Cognitive Load and Individual Differences
The underlying cognitive mechanisms explaining why speakers sometimes make communication errors are not well understood. Some scholars have theorized that audience design engages automatic processes when a listener is present; others argue that it relies on effortful resources, even if a listener is present. We hypothesized that working memory is engaged during communicative audience design and that the extent to which working memory is engaged r…
Problem Solving
A functional fixedness problem was constructed which consisted of two sub-tasks. The initial sub-task, termed problem perception, was designed to involve minimal response competition. The second, a functional fixedness sub-task, involved both high and low response competition. Drive level did not influence problem perception time. High drive impaired problem-solving performance by increasing functional fixedness strength when response competition…
Asymmetric Transfer between the Remote Associates Test and Functional Fixedness
Psychological Scaling of Linguistic Properties
Adults' abilities to judge selected properties of sentences were examined in three separate studies. In the first two, subjects rated the grammaticalness of sentences varying in grammaticalness according to linguistic theory. The judgments showed high within-subject consistency and between-subjects agreement. Furthermore, the resultant scales were linear, indicating that grammaticalness may be viewed as a unitary dimension. There was, however, so…
On the description of subcultural lexicons
The purpose of this study was to describe the differences in the multidimensional structure of social- and personality-trait words as a function of experience within a specific subculture. Fifteen freshmen and 15 seniors at Princeton University ascribed 60 trait adjectives, 20 of which belonged to the student slang lexicon, to people they knew. Disassociation measures between pairs of traits were used to provide a multidimensional scaling (MDS) s…
Integration of Clauses in Oral Reading
Sam Glucksberg, Joseph H. Danks, Integration of Clauses in Oral Reading: The Effects of Syntactic and Semantic Constraints on the Eye-Voice Span, Reading Research Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 2 (1977 - 1978), pp. 174-187
On understanding nonliteral speech
On understanding metaphor
Metaphors do not use associations between concepts, they are used to create them
How to be sarcastic
Les conditions dans lesquelles un enonce est reconnu comme sarcastique varient selon que l'enonce est positif ou negatif. Il est rendu compte de cette asymetrie a l'aide de la theorie «du rappel en echo» (un sarcasme fait alusion a une situation antecedente) dans un cas et aux normes et attentes sociales dans l'autre cas (enonce positif) ― 3 experiences avec des scenaris contenant ou non des «victimes» testent cette hypothese
Metaphors in Conversation
Literal and nonliteral expressions are compared with respect to how they are understood in ordinary conversation. Analysis suggests that literal expressions have the same recognition problems as metaphors; namely, they both require listeners to classify utterances as to propositional types. Literal and metaphorical expressions also do not differ with respect to priority of understanding (i.e., nonliteral interpretation is not an option that depen…
Understanding metaphorical comparisons
Traditionally, metaphors such as job is a jail have been treated as implicit similes (i.e., this metaphor would be treated as if it were a comparison statement, job is like a jail). Tversky's account of similarity is applied to such nonliteral similarity expressions, and is shown to apply as readily to nonliteral comparisons as to literal comparisons. But treating metaphors as comparison statements fails to account for certain important phenomena…
Metaphor and Communication
Semantic productivity and idiom comprehension
When people understand an idiom such as “spill the beans,” two kinds of meaning are simultaneously apprehended: the meanings of the words themselves and the idiomatic meaning. Standard models of language comprehension assume that the literal meanings of figurative expressions are rejected in favor of a nonliteral meaning. We propose an alternative approach in which literal meanings are systematically used to constrain the use and variation of con…
How about another piece of pie
Commentary on Nonliteral Language
The three articles in this issue deal with how metaphors and irony are understood as well as with the uses of metaphor and irony in discourse. I discuss alternative models of metaphor comprehension and also propose a general. model of discourse irony that is consistent with the findings reported by Dews and Winner and by Kreuz and Roberts. In both the metaphor and irony models, literal meaning is treated as an integral part of the comprehension p…
Property Attribution in Metaphor Comprehension
Conceptual Combinations
Noun-noun compounds, such as shark lawyer, are claimed to be interpreted via property construction when the noun concepts are similar (Wisniewski, 1996). In Experiment 1, noun-noun compounds with dissimilar constituents were derived from metaphors and were given to participants for interpretation. Property construction interpretations were overwhelmingly preferred, despite the dissimilarity of the constituents. In Experiment 2, noun-noun compound…
When love is not a journey
Understanding Figurative Language
"Understanding Figurative Language presents an account of how people use and understand metaphors and idioms in everyday life. Traditionally, figurative language, such as metaphors and idioms, has been considered to be derived from and more complex than ostensibly straightforward literal language. Glucksberg argues instead that figurative language involves the same kinds of linguistic and pragmatic operations used for ordinary, literal language. …
Inhibition of the Literal
When people understand metaphors, irrelevant information must be filtered out; for example, to say that one's lawyer is a shark should not be taken to mean that he or she could breathe underwater. We employed a variant of the independent cue paradigm to determine whether metaphor-irrelevant information is inhibited. Consistent with earlier findings of inhibitory processes in idiom comprehension, we found evidence of inhibition of irrelevant infor…
Inhibition of the Literal
The psycholinguistics of metaphor
When Dogs Can Fly
How do people recognize metaphors? In nominal metaphors, such as "My lawyer is a shark," the metaphor vehicle "shark" refers to an abstract category of predatory creatures, not to the basic-level concept, the literal fish we call "shark." People can use the level of abstraction of the metaphor vehicle (shark) as a cue that the expression is intended metaphorically rather than literally (Glucksberg & Keysar, 1990). Can the metaphorical use of verb…
Does understanding negation entail affirmation
What Influences Successful Communication? An Examination of Cognitive Load and Individual Differences
The underlying cognitive mechanisms explaining why speakers sometimes make communication errors are not well understood. Some scholars have theorized that audience design engages automatic processes when a listener is present; others argue that it relies on effortful resources, even if a listener is present. We hypothesized that working memory is engaged during communicative audience design and that the extent to which working memory is engaged r…
Psychology (21 works) · Language, Metaphor, and Cognition (19 works) · Linguistics (19 works) · Philosophy (14 works) · Metaphor (12 works) · Cognitive psychology (10 works) · Comprehension (10 works) · Computer Science (9 works) · Epistemology (9 works) · Literal and figurative language (8 works)