Candace Kemp
Biographic Data
| ID | 121083 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Candace Kemp |
| GIVEN NAMES | Candace |
| FAMILY NAME | Kemp |
| SIGNATURE | KEMP C |
| AFFILIATIONS | Carnegie Mellon University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9683-8737 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 54 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 13 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 9 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1984 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Quantifying Bias in Hierarchical Category Systems
Categorization is ubiquitous in human cognition and society, and shapes how we perceive and understand the world. Because categories reflect the needs and perspectives of their creators, no category system is entirely objective, and inbuilt biases can have harmful social consequences. Here we propose methods for measuring biases in hierarchical systems of categories, a common form of category organization with multiple levels of abstraction. We i…
Sampling in Judgment and Decision Making
Sampling approaches to judgment and decision making are distinct from traditional accounts in psychology and neuroscience. While these traditional accounts focus on limitations of the human mind as a major source of bounded rationality, the sampling approach originates in a broader cognitive-ecological perspective. It starts from the fundamental assumption that in order to understand intra-psychic cognitive processes one first has to understand t…
Simplification Is Not Dominant in the Evolution of Chinese Characters
Linguistic systems are hypothesised to be shaped by pressures towards communicative efficiency that drive processes of simplification. A longstanding illustration of this idea is the claim that Chinese characters have progressively simplified over time. Here we test this claim by analyzing a dataset with more than half a million images of Chinese characters spanning more than 3,000 years of recorded history. We find no consistent evidence of simp…
A decision network account of reasoning about other people's choices
The ability to predict and reason about other people's choices is fundamental to social interaction. We propose that people reason about other people's choices using mental models that are similar to decision networks. Decision networks are extensions of Bayesian networks that incorporate the idea that choices are made in order to achieve goals. In our first experiment, we explore how people predict the choices of others. Our remaining three expe…
Boundary Crossers: How Providers Facilitate Ethnic Minority Families’ Access to Dementia Services
In negotiating cultural, social, and professional boundaries, providers undertake multidimensional and complex work that involves education, advocacy, negotiation, navigation, creativity, and emotional engagement. This work is largely undervalued but offers a model of care that facilitates social and community development as well as service integration across health, aged care, and social services
Federal Incentives to Reform Long-Term Care Under the Affordable Care Act: State Adoption of the Balancing Incentive Program, 2011–2014
The findings highlight the role of partisanship, administrative capacity, and program history in state BIP adoption decisions. The inclusion of BIP in the Affordable Care Act may have deterred some states from participating in the program due to partisan opposition to the legislation. To encourage the adoption of optional HCBS programs, federal policymakers should consider the role of financial incentives, especially for states with limited burea…
Cultural Differences in the Intended Use of Long-Term Care Services in the United States: The Role of Family Ties
We conclude that cultural differences in family ties shape immigrants' intention to use certain LTC services. If policymakers aim at increasing the provision of specific LTC services or support to family caregivers, there should be a careful evaluation of demand-side factors in an increasingly culturally diverse society
Chaining and the growth of linguistic categories
Predictors of Unmet Need Among Informal Caregivers
Caregivers who do not feel appreciated by their care recipient and non-White caregivers should be identified as potential targets for intervention to address unmet need, especially if they are also reporting higher levels of caregiver burden. Understanding the factors associated with self-reported unmet need can assist caregiver support programs in measuring and addressing the needs of informal caregivers to support their continued caregiving
Use of Informal Support as a Predictor of Home- and Community-Based Services Utilization
Objectives Home- and community-based services (HCBS) help older adults remain living safely in their homes by delaying or preventing the need for institutionalization. This analysis is guided by the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use to examine the association between informal support and use of HCBS. Method Health and Retirement Study data from 2011 and 2012 are used in the bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression mo…
Challenges in Caring for Unbefriended Residents in Long-term Care Homes: A Qualitative Study
Long-term care homes are complex adaptive systems. Within these systems, we found organizational barriers for long-term care staff providing care to unbefriended residents. These barriers may be modifiable and could improve the quality of care for unbefriended residents and quality of life of staff. Implications for practice include adjusting public guardian scope of work, improving team communication, and compensating staff for additional care
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Home-Care Use Across Regional Long-term Care Systems in Europe
The results suggest that de-familization in LTC favors the combination of formal and informal home-care among the more socioeconomically disadvantaged, potentially mitigating health inequalities in later life
Psychological Well-Being Among Informal Caregivers in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging: Why the Location of Care Matters
Both the caregiving stress and caregiving rewards perspectives are applicable to the caregiving experience, with the stress perspective more applicable to in-home caregivers and the rewards perspective more relevant to nonresidential caregivers. Recommendations include targeted practice focused on the location of care as well as the gender of the caregiver. Given that nonresidential caregivers actually benefit from providing care, interventions n…
Burden and Bad Days Among Mexican-Origin Women Caregivers
Findings shed light on the mixed results found in the literature on Latino caregiving burden. Results suggest that Mexican-origin women caregivers have a more nuanced experience of caregiving burden than has been found in prior literature. Results also suggest research using traditional measures of burden may not fully capture situational and cultural distinctions to the extent Mexican-origin caregivers ascribe other language to represent difficu…
Semantic Typology and Efficient Communication
Crosslinguistic research on domains including kinship, color, folk biology, number, and spatial relations has documented the different ways in which languages carve up the world into named categories. Although word meanings vary widely across languages, unrelated languages often have words with similar or identical meanings, and many logically possible meanings are never observed. We review research suggesting that this pattern of constrained var…
Belief polarization is not always irrational.
Belief polarization occurs when 2 people with opposing prior beliefs both strengthen their beliefs after observing the same data. Many authors have cited belief polarization as evidence of irrational behavior. We show, however, that some instances of polarization are consistent with a normative account of belief revision. Our analysis uses Bayesian networks to characterize different kinds of relationships between hypotheses and data, and distingu…
Kinship Categories Across Languages Reflect General Communicative Principles
Who's Who Different languages rely on distinct sets of terminology to classify relatives, such as maternal grandfather in English, and precision in language usage is a key component for successful communication (see the Perspective by Levinson ). Kemp and Regier (p. 1049 ) propose an organizing framework whereby kinship classification systems can all be seen to optimize or nearly optimize both simplicity and precision. The labels applied to kin a…
How to Grow a Mind: Statistics, Structure, and Abstraction
In coming to understand the world—in learning concepts, acquiring language, and grasping causal relations—our minds make inferences that appear to go far beyond the data available. How do we do it? This review describes recent approaches to reverse-engineering human learning and cognitive development and, in parallel, engineering more humanlike machine learning systems. Computational models that perform probabilistic inference over hierarchies of…
Probabilistic models of cognition: Exploring representations and inductive biases
Special Reviewers
Anthropological stranger: The intellectual trajectory of Hortense Powdermaker
This article investigates the life and works of Hortense Powdermaker (1896-1970). In contradistinction to the intellectual climate of her times, Powdermaker's intellectual trajectory can be characterised as eclectic, dynamic and forward thinking. Spanning nearly four decades, Powdermaker's academic career was dedicated to developing a distinct 'anthropological vision'. Yet, although she conducted studies of culture and society that transcended st…
Politics and class in Spring Valley, Sri Lanka: An 'anti-structuralist' interpretation
The article is concerned with socioeconomic differentiation among Sinhalese villagers in a tea-growing area of the Uva Highlands. Theoretically, and on the basis of a reassessment of 'the alternative heuristics of structure and process', it takes an 'anti-structuralist' approach at odds with recent mode of production analyses, but no less materialist inform and content. The analysis concentrates on the identification and explanation of a fundamen…
Semantic Typology and Efficient Communication
Crosslinguistic research on domains including kinship, color, folk biology, number, and spatial relations has documented the different ways in which languages carve up the world into named categories. Although word meanings vary widely across languages, unrelated languages often have words with similar or identical meanings, and many logically possible meanings are never observed. We review research suggesting that this pattern of constrained var…
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Home-Care Use Across Regional Long-term Care Systems in Europe
The results suggest that de-familization in LTC favors the combination of formal and informal home-care among the more socioeconomically disadvantaged, potentially mitigating health inequalities in later life
Boundary Crossers: How Providers Facilitate Ethnic Minority Families’ Access to Dementia Services
In negotiating cultural, social, and professional boundaries, providers undertake multidimensional and complex work that involves education, advocacy, negotiation, navigation, creativity, and emotional engagement. This work is largely undervalued but offers a model of care that facilitates social and community development as well as service integration across health, aged care, and social services
Psychological Well-Being Among Informal Caregivers in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging: Why the Location of Care Matters
Both the caregiving stress and caregiving rewards perspectives are applicable to the caregiving experience, with the stress perspective more applicable to in-home caregivers and the rewards perspective more relevant to nonresidential caregivers. Recommendations include targeted practice focused on the location of care as well as the gender of the caregiver. Given that nonresidential caregivers actually benefit from providing care, interventions n…
Burden and Bad Days Among Mexican-Origin Women Caregivers
Findings shed light on the mixed results found in the literature on Latino caregiving burden. Results suggest that Mexican-origin women caregivers have a more nuanced experience of caregiving burden than has been found in prior literature. Results also suggest research using traditional measures of burden may not fully capture situational and cultural distinctions to the extent Mexican-origin caregivers ascribe other language to represent difficu…
Politics and class in Spring Valley, Sri Lanka: An 'anti-structuralist' interpretation
The article is concerned with socioeconomic differentiation among Sinhalese villagers in a tea-growing area of the Uva Highlands. Theoretically, and on the basis of a reassessment of 'the alternative heuristics of structure and process', it takes an 'anti-structuralist' approach at odds with recent mode of production analyses, but no less materialist inform and content. The analysis concentrates on the identification and explanation of a fundamen…
Cultural Differences in the Intended Use of Long-Term Care Services in the United States: The Role of Family Ties
We conclude that cultural differences in family ties shape immigrants' intention to use certain LTC services. If policymakers aim at increasing the provision of specific LTC services or support to family caregivers, there should be a careful evaluation of demand-side factors in an increasingly culturally diverse society
Predictors of Unmet Need Among Informal Caregivers
Caregivers who do not feel appreciated by their care recipient and non-White caregivers should be identified as potential targets for intervention to address unmet need, especially if they are also reporting higher levels of caregiver burden. Understanding the factors associated with self-reported unmet need can assist caregiver support programs in measuring and addressing the needs of informal caregivers to support their continued caregiving
Challenges in Caring for Unbefriended Residents in Long-term Care Homes: A Qualitative Study
Long-term care homes are complex adaptive systems. Within these systems, we found organizational barriers for long-term care staff providing care to unbefriended residents. These barriers may be modifiable and could improve the quality of care for unbefriended residents and quality of life of staff. Implications for practice include adjusting public guardian scope of work, improving team communication, and compensating staff for additional care
Anthropological stranger: The intellectual trajectory of Hortense Powdermaker
This article investigates the life and works of Hortense Powdermaker (1896-1970). In contradistinction to the intellectual climate of her times, Powdermaker's intellectual trajectory can be characterised as eclectic, dynamic and forward thinking. Spanning nearly four decades, Powdermaker's academic career was dedicated to developing a distinct 'anthropological vision'. Yet, although she conducted studies of culture and society that transcended st…
Use of Informal Support as a Predictor of Home- and Community-Based Services Utilization
Objectives Home- and community-based services (HCBS) help older adults remain living safely in their homes by delaying or preventing the need for institutionalization. This analysis is guided by the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use to examine the association between informal support and use of HCBS. Method Health and Retirement Study data from 2011 and 2012 are used in the bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression mo…
Politics and class in Spring Valley, Sri Lanka: An 'anti-structuralist' interpretation
The article is concerned with socioeconomic differentiation among Sinhalese villagers in a tea-growing area of the Uva Highlands. Theoretically, and on the basis of a reassessment of 'the alternative heuristics of structure and process', it takes an 'anti-structuralist' approach at odds with recent mode of production analyses, but no less materialist inform and content. The analysis concentrates on the identification and explanation of a fundamen…
Anthropological stranger: The intellectual trajectory of Hortense Powdermaker
This article investigates the life and works of Hortense Powdermaker (1896-1970). In contradistinction to the intellectual climate of her times, Powdermaker's intellectual trajectory can be characterised as eclectic, dynamic and forward thinking. Spanning nearly four decades, Powdermaker's academic career was dedicated to developing a distinct 'anthropological vision'. Yet, although she conducted studies of culture and society that transcended st…
Special Reviewers
Probabilistic models of cognition: Exploring representations and inductive biases
How to Grow a Mind: Statistics, Structure, and Abstraction
In coming to understand the world—in learning concepts, acquiring language, and grasping causal relations—our minds make inferences that appear to go far beyond the data available. How do we do it? This review describes recent approaches to reverse-engineering human learning and cognitive development and, in parallel, engineering more humanlike machine learning systems. Computational models that perform probabilistic inference over hierarchies of…
Kinship Categories Across Languages Reflect General Communicative Principles
Who's Who Different languages rely on distinct sets of terminology to classify relatives, such as maternal grandfather in English, and precision in language usage is a key component for successful communication (see the Perspective by Levinson ). Kemp and Regier (p. 1049 ) propose an organizing framework whereby kinship classification systems can all be seen to optimize or nearly optimize both simplicity and precision. The labels applied to kin a…
Belief polarization is not always irrational.
Belief polarization occurs when 2 people with opposing prior beliefs both strengthen their beliefs after observing the same data. Many authors have cited belief polarization as evidence of irrational behavior. We show, however, that some instances of polarization are consistent with a normative account of belief revision. Our analysis uses Bayesian networks to characterize different kinds of relationships between hypotheses and data, and distingu…
Semantic Typology and Efficient Communication
Crosslinguistic research on domains including kinship, color, folk biology, number, and spatial relations has documented the different ways in which languages carve up the world into named categories. Although word meanings vary widely across languages, unrelated languages often have words with similar or identical meanings, and many logically possible meanings are never observed. We review research suggesting that this pattern of constrained var…
Burden and Bad Days Among Mexican-Origin Women Caregivers
Findings shed light on the mixed results found in the literature on Latino caregiving burden. Results suggest that Mexican-origin women caregivers have a more nuanced experience of caregiving burden than has been found in prior literature. Results also suggest research using traditional measures of burden may not fully capture situational and cultural distinctions to the extent Mexican-origin caregivers ascribe other language to represent difficu…
Chaining and the growth of linguistic categories
Predictors of Unmet Need Among Informal Caregivers
Caregivers who do not feel appreciated by their care recipient and non-White caregivers should be identified as potential targets for intervention to address unmet need, especially if they are also reporting higher levels of caregiver burden. Understanding the factors associated with self-reported unmet need can assist caregiver support programs in measuring and addressing the needs of informal caregivers to support their continued caregiving
Use of Informal Support as a Predictor of Home- and Community-Based Services Utilization
Objectives Home- and community-based services (HCBS) help older adults remain living safely in their homes by delaying or preventing the need for institutionalization. This analysis is guided by the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use to examine the association between informal support and use of HCBS. Method Health and Retirement Study data from 2011 and 2012 are used in the bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression mo…
Challenges in Caring for Unbefriended Residents in Long-term Care Homes: A Qualitative Study
Long-term care homes are complex adaptive systems. Within these systems, we found organizational barriers for long-term care staff providing care to unbefriended residents. These barriers may be modifiable and could improve the quality of care for unbefriended residents and quality of life of staff. Implications for practice include adjusting public guardian scope of work, improving team communication, and compensating staff for additional care
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Home-Care Use Across Regional Long-term Care Systems in Europe
The results suggest that de-familization in LTC favors the combination of formal and informal home-care among the more socioeconomically disadvantaged, potentially mitigating health inequalities in later life
Psychological Well-Being Among Informal Caregivers in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging: Why the Location of Care Matters
Both the caregiving stress and caregiving rewards perspectives are applicable to the caregiving experience, with the stress perspective more applicable to in-home caregivers and the rewards perspective more relevant to nonresidential caregivers. Recommendations include targeted practice focused on the location of care as well as the gender of the caregiver. Given that nonresidential caregivers actually benefit from providing care, interventions n…
A decision network account of reasoning about other people's choices
The ability to predict and reason about other people's choices is fundamental to social interaction. We propose that people reason about other people's choices using mental models that are similar to decision networks. Decision networks are extensions of Bayesian networks that incorporate the idea that choices are made in order to achieve goals. In our first experiment, we explore how people predict the choices of others. Our remaining three expe…
Boundary Crossers: How Providers Facilitate Ethnic Minority Families’ Access to Dementia Services
In negotiating cultural, social, and professional boundaries, providers undertake multidimensional and complex work that involves education, advocacy, negotiation, navigation, creativity, and emotional engagement. This work is largely undervalued but offers a model of care that facilitates social and community development as well as service integration across health, aged care, and social services
Federal Incentives to Reform Long-Term Care Under the Affordable Care Act: State Adoption of the Balancing Incentive Program, 2011–2014
The findings highlight the role of partisanship, administrative capacity, and program history in state BIP adoption decisions. The inclusion of BIP in the Affordable Care Act may have deterred some states from participating in the program due to partisan opposition to the legislation. To encourage the adoption of optional HCBS programs, federal policymakers should consider the role of financial incentives, especially for states with limited burea…
Cultural Differences in the Intended Use of Long-Term Care Services in the United States: The Role of Family Ties
We conclude that cultural differences in family ties shape immigrants' intention to use certain LTC services. If policymakers aim at increasing the provision of specific LTC services or support to family caregivers, there should be a careful evaluation of demand-side factors in an increasingly culturally diverse society
Simplification Is Not Dominant in the Evolution of Chinese Characters
Linguistic systems are hypothesised to be shaped by pressures towards communicative efficiency that drive processes of simplification. A longstanding illustration of this idea is the claim that Chinese characters have progressively simplified over time. Here we test this claim by analyzing a dataset with more than half a million images of Chinese characters spanning more than 3,000 years of recorded history. We find no consistent evidence of simp…
Sampling in Judgment and Decision Making
Sampling approaches to judgment and decision making are distinct from traditional accounts in psychology and neuroscience. While these traditional accounts focus on limitations of the human mind as a major source of bounded rationality, the sampling approach originates in a broader cognitive-ecological perspective. It starts from the fundamental assumption that in order to understand intra-psychic cognitive processes one first has to understand t…
Quantifying Bias in Hierarchical Category Systems
Categorization is ubiquitous in human cognition and society, and shapes how we perceive and understand the world. Because categories reflect the needs and perspectives of their creators, no category system is entirely objective, and inbuilt biases can have harmful social consequences. Here we propose methods for measuring biases in hierarchical systems of categories, a common form of category organization with multiple levels of abstraction. We i…
Psychology (14 works) · Computer Science (9 works) · Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes (7 works) · Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving (7 works) · Medicine (7 works) · Cognitive psychology (6 works) · Cognitive science (5 works) · Economics (5 works) · Epistemology (5 works) · Language and cultural evolution (5 works)