Rainer Martens
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1212288 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Rainer Martens |
| NOMBRES | Rainer |
| APELLIDO | Martens |
| FIRMA | MARTENS R |
| AFILIACIONES | Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2416-2309 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 50 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 29 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 50 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1969 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
From knowledge accumulation to transformative action
Despite three decades of expanding scholarship on social determinants of health (SDH), progress in reducing health inequities has remained limited. While the SDH framework has reshaped global health discourse and informed policy rhetoric, the translation of knowledge into transformative action has been insufficient. The gap between evidence and impact is not explained by political constraints alone but is also contributed to by the orientation, m…
Community experiences of the impacts of climate-induced extreme weather events in Uganda
Climate change is impacting health, social systems and livelihoods of populations across the world with sub-Saharan Africa being particularly hard-hit. Lived experiences of the impacts of climate change are paramount to understanding how at-risk communities are uniquely impacted and collectively devise response mechanisms. However, there is limited evidence of the community’s lived experiences of these impacts. This study explored the community e…
Role of a primary healthcare approach in Covid-19 pandemic response in the eastern Mediterranean region
INTRODUCTION: Primary healthcare (PHC) can play a critical role in disease preparedness and response. The PHC approach was not always considered in the COVID-19 response in the eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). This article assesses the extent to which a PHC approach was deployed in the pandemic response and identifies barriers, enablers and lessons learnt for strengthening PHC for disease preparedness and response in EMR. METHODS: A multicount…
Primary health care in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic in 10 South-East Asian countries
Introduction Strengthening primary health care (PHC) in the WHO South-East Asia Region is key to addressing evolving health needs, including the high burden of non-communicable diseases and emerging public health threats within rapidly changing demographic, climatic and geopolitical contexts. Between 2021 and 2023, 10 case studies were conducted to examine PHC in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-case regional synthesis aimed to ident…
An unfinished agenda
In the WHO Western Pacific Region, primary health care (PHC) is considered ‘the future of health’ and the key to achieving universal health coverage. However, political, economic and social forces underlying curative, hospital-centric models have eroded public, local-level health service capacity—contributing to fragmented systems and persisting health inequities. Drawing insights from seven published country case studies from East Asia examining…
New health taxes in Ghana
In the context of a fiscal crisis and health pressures, Ghana’s government has been exploring additional pro-health taxes. The World Health Organization and World Bank support health taxes as ‘win-win’ policies that can, if designed effectively, simultaneously improve health and raise revenue for health spending. However, international evidence shows that health taxes can meet political and public opposition. Yet, there is little research that em…
Confronting corporate power
The South-East Asia Region (SEAR) faces a growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), shaped in part by complex commercial determinants of health (CDoH). This analysis considers how aggressive marketing, policy interference and addictive product design by the tobacco, alcohol and ultra-processed food (UPF) industries contribute to this burden. SEAR’s distinctive demographic, cultural and economic conditions create both vulnerabilities and…
Enabling cross-country learning and exchange to support universal health coverage implementation
As countries transition from external assistance while pursuing ambitious plans to achieve universal health coverage (UHC), there is increasing need to facilitate knowledge sharing and learning among them. Country-led and country-owned knowledge management is foundational to sustainable, more equitable external assistance for health and is a useful complement to more conventional capacity-building modalities provided under external assistance. In…
Commercial determinants of health
Defining and conceptualising the commercial determinants of health
Characteristics of successful government-led interventions to support healthier populations
Despite progress on the Millennium and Sustainable Development Goals, significant public health challenges remain to address communicable and non-communicable diseases and health inequities. The Healthier Societies for Healthy Populations initiative convened by WHO’s Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research; the Government of Sweden; and the Wellcome Trust aims to address these complex challenges. One starting point is to build understandi…
Using systems thinking to generate novel research questions for the evaluation of sugar-sweetened beverage taxation policies
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes have been recommended by the WHO, introduced in over 85 countries, and assessed through an increasing number of evaluations. However, few studies have applied systems thinking to generate questions exploring the range of ways in which an SSB tax, and the system within which it is embedded, have adapted to one another over time. We demonstrate how adopting this perspective could advance the field. A systems thi…
An exploration of stakeholder views and perceptions on taxing tobacco, alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages in Ghana
BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for nearly 43% of Ghana's all-cause mortality. Unhealthy commodities (such as alcohol, sugar and tobacco) are an important factor in the growing NCD burden in the region of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite health taxes on tobacco, alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) gaining renewed attention, adoption and implementation in SSA remain limited. This study aims to unpack the contextual p…
Strengthening evidence to inform health systems
Framing health taxes
Health taxes are effective policy instruments to save lives, raise government revenues and improve equity. Health taxes, however, directly conflict with commercial actors’ interests. Both pro-tax health advocates and anti-tax industry representatives seek to frame health tax policy. Yet, little is known about which frames resonate in which settings and how framing can most effectively advance or limit policies. To fill this gap, we conducted qual…
Framing health taxes
Health taxes are increasingly positioned as effective policy instruments for curbing non-communicable disease, improving health and raising government revenues. Their allure has caused many health advocates to look beyond tobacco and alcohol to other harmful products such as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), salty foods, fatty foods and fossil fuels. These efforts, however, directly conflict with commercial actors’ interests. Both pro-tax health …
The health sector and fiscal policies of fossil fuels
How states engage in and exercise power in global health
While long overlooked, power is central to understand how actors engage in global health policymaking. We reviewed how the Japanese and Indonesian governments exerted power and engaged in global health diplomacy during negotiations to conceptualize the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goal for health (SDG3). We conducted deliberative policy analysis including semi-structured, in-depth, interviews with more than 71 policymakers, which we analyzed…
Whole of government and whole of society approaches
‘Implementability’ matters
The ‘implementation gap’ between national plans and successful implementation is a central theme in addressing non-communicable diseases (NCDs). It is a factor that has undermined Sustainable Development Goal 3.4, which aims to achieve a one-third reduction in premature mortality from four major NCDs by 2030. Responding to the potential of implementation research to support low-income and middle-income countries to effectively advance their strat…
Health for peace
Health taxes
Engaging globally with how to achieve healthy societies
The way healthy societies are conceptualised shapes efforts to achieve them. This paper explores the features and drivers of frameworks for healthy societies that had wide or sustained policy influence post-1978 at global level and as purposively selected southern regions, in India, Latin America and East and Southern Africa. A thematic analysis of 150 online documents identified paradigms and themes. The findings were discussed with expertise fr…
A health systems resilience research agenda
Health system resilience, known as the ability for health systems to absorb, adapt or transform to maintain essential functions when stressed or shocked, has quickly gained popularity following shocks like COVID-19. The concept is relatively new in health policy and systems research and the existing research remains mostly theoretical. Research to date has viewed resilience as an outcome that can be measured through performance outcomes, as an ab…
Power analysis in health policy and systems research
Power is a growing area of study for researchers and practitioners working in the field of health policy and systems research (HPSR). Theoretical development and empirical research on power are crucial for providing deeper, more nuanced understandings of the mechanisms and structures leading to social inequities and health disparities; placing contemporary policy concerns in a wider historical, political and social context; and for contributing t…
Evaluation potential as a determinant of coaction effects
Palmar sweating and the presence of an audience
U. Illinois, Children's Research Center
BRICS countries and the global movement for universal health coverage
This article explores BRICS' engagement in the global movement for Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and the implications for global health governance. It is based on primary data collected from 43 key informant interviews, complemented by a review of BRICS' global commitments supporting UHC. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire that included both closed- and open-ended questions. Question development was informed by insi…
The Influence of Success and Residential Affiliation on Participation Motivation
U. Illinois, Children's Research Center
Palmar sweating and the presence of an audience
Motor performance under stress
Investigated whether the relationship between arousal and motor performance among junior high school males supports the inverted U hypothesis. Based on the CMA scale, Ss were either low, medium, or high in trait anxiety and were subjected to 1 of 3 levels of psychological stress. A 3 × 3 factorial d
Group Cohesiveness as a Determinant of Success and Member Satisfaction in Team Performance
The effectiveness of sport teams in competition is dependent upon many factors, one of which is the ability of individual members to work together. The coach often refers to this ability as teamwork, togetherness, or morale, while the researcher refers to it as group integration or group cohesiveness. Physical educators and coaches alike have long postulated that the most effective team is not necessarily composed from a con1bination of the best …
The Influence of Success and Residential Affiliation on Participation Motivation
Evaluation potential as a determinant of coaction effects
Influence of win-loss ratio on performance, satisfaction and preference for opponents
Geophysical Variables and Behavior
Martens, Kelly, and Saklofske in 1988 examined 21 studies considering the possible relationship between lunar periodicities and birthrate. They reported that the majority of studies uncovered no relationship and that the positive studies were inconsistent in their findings. The present update reports on six additional studies on birthrate and lunar periodicities from five different countries. None of these studies produced evidence of lunar perio…
An assessment of progress towards universal health coverage in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS)
Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch
BRICS countries and the global movement for universal health coverage
This article explores BRICS' engagement in the global movement for Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and the implications for global health governance. It is based on primary data collected from 43 key informant interviews, complemented by a review of BRICS' global commitments supporting UHC. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire that included both closed- and open-ended questions. Question development was informed by insi…
Building resilient health systems
Health system resilience begins with measurement of critical capacities ahead of crisis say Margaret E Kruk and colleagues
How states exerted power to create the Millennium Development Goals and how this shaped the global health agenda
Since 2000, the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) provided the framework for global development efforts transforming the field now known as global health. The MDGs both reflected and contributed to shaping a normative global health agenda. In the field of global health, the role of the state is largely considered to have diminished; however, this paper reasserts states as actors in the conceptualisation and institutionalisation of the MDG…
Health sector fragmentation
BACKGROUND: Fragmentation across governance structures, funding, and external actor engagement in Sierra Leone continues to challenge the efficiency and coherence of health sector activities and impedes sustained health system strengthening. Three examples are discussed to highlight the extent, causes, and impacts of health sector fragmentation in Sierra Leone: the community health worker programme, national medical supply chain, and service leve…
Embedded research to advance primary health care
Realising renewed efforts to accelerate progress towards universal health coverage, manage health emergencies and create healthier populations requires integrated action on system-wide challenges. One of the best ways to do this is to focus on primary health care (PHC). Advancing PHC needs the support of a robust learning agenda—encompassing questions on how to improve both essential and emergency services, engage and empower communities and addr…
On the path to Universal Health Coverage
The health of India’s population has witnessed significant improvements over the past two decades. The infant mortality rate (IMR) has fallen from over 71 per 1000 live births in 1998 to 31 per 1000 live births in 2017. Maternal mortality has declined even more dramatically, from 540 maternal deaths in 1998 to 170 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births in 2013, a fall of close to 70%.1 These reductions in mortality have been accompanied by a maj…
Do social accountability approaches work? A review of the literature from selected low- and middle-income countries in the WHO South-East Asia region
Governance failures undermine efforts to achieve universal health coverage and improve health in low- and middle-income countries by decreasing efficiency and equity. Punitive measures to improve governance are largely ineffective. Social accountability strategies are perceived to enhance transparency and accountability through bottom-up approaches, but their effectiveness has not been explored comprehensively in the health systems of low- and mi…
Global-scale action in health
Koplan et al. (2009) wrote of global health: The need for a commonly used and accepted definition extends beyond semantics...[A] shorthand term...might obscure important differences in philosophy, strategies, and priorities for action...If we do not clearly define what we mean..., we cannot possibly reach agreement about what we are trying to achieve, the approaches we must take, the skills that are needed, and the ways that we should use resourc…
Engaging globally with how to achieve healthy societies
The way healthy societies are conceptualised shapes efforts to achieve them. This paper explores the features and drivers of frameworks for healthy societies that had wide or sustained policy influence post-1978 at global level and as purposively selected southern regions, in India, Latin America and East and Southern Africa. A thematic analysis of 150 online documents identified paradigms and themes. The findings were discussed with expertise fr…
A health systems resilience research agenda
Health system resilience, known as the ability for health systems to absorb, adapt or transform to maintain essential functions when stressed or shocked, has quickly gained popularity following shocks like COVID-19. The concept is relatively new in health policy and systems research and the existing research remains mostly theoretical. Research to date has viewed resilience as an outcome that can be measured through performance outcomes, as an ab…
Power analysis in health policy and systems research
Power is a growing area of study for researchers and practitioners working in the field of health policy and systems research (HPSR). Theoretical development and empirical research on power are crucial for providing deeper, more nuanced understandings of the mechanisms and structures leading to social inequities and health disparities; placing contemporary policy concerns in a wider historical, political and social context; and for contributing t…
Power and the commercial determinants of health
box Researchers increasingly recognise a lack of definitional clarity around the commercial determinants of health (CDoH).1–4 Common to many conceptualisations of CDoH is a focus on ‘unhealthy commodities’,5–9 political practices,9–12 business practices5 7 11 13 14 and macro-level conditions.4 8 11 15 16 A recent review1 of CDoH definitions found many characterised as ‘expressions of economic and political power wielded by large corporate entitie…
Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of a national multisectoral action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in Nepal
BACKGROUND: Nepal adopted the Multisectoral Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (MSAP) in 2014. Implementation of the plan has been challenging, with limited participation from non-health sectors. OBJECTIVES: The overall aim of the study was to gain the perspectives of key stakeholders involved in the Nepal MSAP on the barriers and facilitators to its implementation, through the participation of relevant sector…
Modified scoping review of the enablers and barriers to implementing primary health care in the Covid-19 context
Since the Alma Ata Declaration of 1978, countries have varied in their progress towards establishing and sustaining comprehensive primary health care (PHC) and realizing its associated vision of ‘Health for All’. International health emergencies such as the coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic underscore the importance of PHC in underpinning health equity, including via access to routine essential services and emergency responsiveness. This review …
The value and impact of embedded implementation research
Political science (32 obras) · Medicine (26 obras) · Economics (24 obras) · Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology (24 obras) · Economic growth (21 obras) · Public health (21 obras) · Nursing (19 obras) · Business (18 obras) · Health care (17 obras) · Global Maternal and Child Health (16 obras)