Markus M L Crepaz
Biographic Data
| ID | 1212944 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Markus M L Crepaz |
| GIVEN NAMES | Markus M L |
| FAMILY NAME | Crepaz |
| SIGNATURE | CREPAZ M M L |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Georgia |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3062-3009 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 29 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 729 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1990 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
Ethnic hierarchies versus civic values in a community of descent: Evidence from an interactive survey experiment in Germany
This article examines whether German respondents in an interactive vignette experiment prefer immigrants who are ethno‐racially more proximate to the majority population versus whether immigrants find acceptance in German society as long as they follow the law and respect the rules and customs of society. The approach is both descriptive and experimental. The descriptive results indicate that despite liberalisation of immigration policies since 2…
Handbook on Migration and Welfare
Bringing together prominent scholars in the field, this Handbook provides an interdisciplinary exploration of the complex interrelationship between migration and welfare. Chapters further examine the effects of emigration on sending societies exploring issues such as the impact of remittances, diasporas, and skill deterioration as a result of human capital flight on capacity building and on economic and political development more generally.
The Exclusion of Immigrants from Welfare Programs: Cross-National Analysis and Contemporary Developments
Authoritarianism, economic threat, and the limits of multiculturalism in post‐migration crisis Germany
Objective The purpose of this article is to investigate the associations between submissive authoritarianism, multiculturalism, and perceived economic threat. More specifically, it explores whether the effects of multiculturalism on authoritarianism are moderated by perceived economic anxieties. Methods An original data set was collected using the online platform Qualtrics, which consisted of a stratified sample of 1010 complete responses from a …
Coveting Uniformity in a Diverse World: The Authoritarian Roots of Welfare Chauvinism in Postmigration Crisis Germany
Objective To explore the links between authoritarian personality traits and welfare chauvinism by controlling for a host of alternative explanations while also investigating whether these links are additive or interacting with other triggering variables. Method Using the online survey platform Qualtrics, a stratified sample of 1,010 respondents in Germany was recruited in January 2019. Authoritarian personality is operationalized by applying the …
Postindustrial Cleavages and Electoral Change in an Advanced Capitalist Democracy: The Austrian Case
Theories on post-industrialism generally agree that post-industrial societies are characterized first, a shift from the production of manufactured goods to the production of services, and second by a “new centrality” of theoretical knowledge and technical information. In the early 1980s, there were widespread expectations that the “post-industrial revolution” would entail a substantial restructuring of traditional cleavages along a new axis, sepa…
Of Paradigms Won and Lost: The Neo-Corporatist World According to Howard J. Wiarda
Howard J. Wiarda overestimated the staying power of neo-corporatism. In 1997, when he proclaimed that corporatism would be as influential as liberalism and socialism, a number of factors were already undermining corporatism in western democracies, such as globalization, post-materialism, and post-industrialism. Crucially, political party systems in Western democracies had begun to fragment, and formerly pillarized societies were beginning to flat…
What's Trust Got to Do With It? The Effects of In‐Group and Out‐Group Trust on Conventional and Unconventional Political Participation
Objective This article explores whether there is a systematic variation in conventional and unconventional political participation as a function of in‐group versus out‐group trust. We postulate that the narrower the moral community is, the more political participation is restricted to conventional activity that is perceived as an obligation, as a political act to be fulfilled, something akin to citizenship duty. However, individuals with high lev…
Rumors that diversity is the death of the welfare state are greatly exaggerated: On the resilience of the European social model
The Power of Citizenship: How Immigrant Incorporation Affects Attitudes towards Social Benefits
Trust Matters: The Impact of Ingroup and Outgroup Trust on Nativism and Civicness
Objectives The objectives of this study are threefold: first, we separate trust into a two‐dimensional concept: ingroup trust and outgroup trust. Second, we apply both types of trust to two dependent variables: nativism and civicness, hypothesizing that respondents with ingroup trust should display higher degrees of nativism and lower degrees of civicness while the opposite should apply to respondents with outgroup trust. Third, we control for th…
Constructing Tolerance: How the Welfare State Shapes Attitudes About Immigrants
Over the past 30 years, the hitherto rather homogeneous welfare states in Europe have been experiencing a dramatic influx of immigrants, making them much more diverse. The central purpose of the early development of the welfare state was twofold: to bridge class divisions and to mollify ethnic divisions in the vast multiethnic empires of 19th-century Germany and Austria. This research examines the impact of the programmatic and expenditure dimens…
Trust beyond Borders: Immigration, the Welfare State, and Identity in Modern Societies
Will immigration undermine the welfare state? Trust beyond Borders draws on public opinion data and case studies of Germany, Sweden, and the United States to document the influence of immigration and diversity on trust, reciprocity, and public support for welfare programs. Markus M. L. Crepaz demonstrates that we are, at least in some cases, capable of trusting beyond borders: of expressing faith in our fellow humans and extending help without re…
Is Equality Good Medicine? Determinants of Life Expectancy in Industrialized Democracies
The association between income inequality which creates psycho-social stress and longevity is of a curvilinear, concave nature. Low levels of income inequality are connected with shorter life expectancy. As inequality increases so does life expectancy until a point is reached where further increases in inequality lead to decreases in life expectancy. This finding is consistent with general theories of the effects of stress on performance as found…
The Impact of Collective and Competitive Veto Points on Public Expenditures in the Global Age
This study examines the determinants of public expenditures in advanced market economies by simultaneously assessing the impact of domestic political institutions and globalization. A distinction is made between collective veto points and competitive veto points, demonstrating that not all veto points have restrictive effects. It is shown that public expenditures are significantly and positively affected by collective veto points, whereas the opp…
Consociational Interpretations of the European Union
Global, Constitutional, and Partisan Determinants of Redistribution in Fifteen OECD Countries
The purpose of this article is to examine how the pressures of globalization are mediated by the institutional and partisan configuration in fifteen OECD countries. Recently, much scholarship has probed for the effects of globalization on domestic policymaking. It runs the gamut from arguments that globalization will significantly erode the policymaking capacity of governments to arguments that the globalization thesis is seriously overstated and…
Veto Players, Globalization and the Redistributive Capacity of the State: A Panel Study of 15 OECD Countries
Globalization is said to restrict severely the state's capacity to fulfill its welfare function in advanced industrial societies. This paper tests empirically the redistributive capacity of the state operationalized as the difference in percent of households who live below 50% of the median income in their respective country before taxes and transfers and after taxes and transfers, based on the latest Luxembourg Income Study data. Besides globali…
The impact of constitutional structures and collective and competitive veto points on income inequality in industrialized democracies
This paper presents the first systematic, empirical examination of the impact of constitutional structures on income inequality among eighteen OECD countries. Our pooled time series/cross–sectional panel analysis (n = 18, t = 2) reveals that consensual political institutions are systematically related to lower income inequalities while the reverse is true for majoritarian political institutions. We also make a crucial distinction between ‘collect…
Inclusion versus Exclusion: Political Institutions and Welfare Expenditures
Despite the large number of empirical studies on the determinants of welfare expenditures, a systematic exploration of the consequences of political institutions on welfare effort (welfare spending as a percentage of national income) is still lacking.' Political institutions in our context are the constitutional features of a political system. This study discusses two sorts of veto points, collective and competitive, that affect welfare effort. T…
Constitutional structures and regime performance in 18 industrialized democracies: A test of Olson's hypothesis
According to Olson's concept of encompassing organizations, strong two‐party, plurality oriented political systems should create more ‘responsible’ public policies than ‘weak’ multi‐party governments based on proportional representation. An empirical measure of ‘encompassment’, termed popular cabinet support, is developed and tested in a multivariate controlled statistical analysis of 18 industrialized democracies. While Olson's theoretical conce…
Consensus Versus Majoritarian Democracy: Political Institutions and their Impact on Macroeconomic Performance and Industrial Disputes
This article argues that consensual political institutions as operationalized by Lijphart and Crepaz (1991) have significantly favorable effects on unemployment, inflation, and the number of working days lost, whereas economic growth remains unaffected. Although this finding is consistent with Olson's theoretical concept of “encompassing organizations,” this study shows that Olson's empirical operationalization is flawed. “Strong,” two-party “Wes…
Explaining national variations of air pollution levels: Political institutions and their impact on environmental policy‐making
(1995). Explaining national variations of air pollution levels: Political institutions and their impact on environmental policy‐making. Environmental Politics: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 391-414
An institutional dinosaur: Austrian corporatism in the post‐industrial age
While the Austrian party system, based on a competitive electoral logic, is able to absorb the wide‐ranging changes created by modernisation in the last 25 years, the corporatist system, based on a 'protective' logic insulates itself from societal change. Corporatist organisations are designed to create societal stability. As societies experience dynamic change, the corporatist institutional structure not only becomes obsolete but also hinders ev…
Linking and Integrating Corporatism and Consensus Democracy: Theory, Concepts and Evidence
Hans Keman's and Paul Pennings's critique (‘Managing Political and Societal Conflict in Democracies: Do Consensus and Corporatism Matter?’, this Journal, preceding pages) of our attempt to link corporatism and consensus democracy falls essentially into three parts. Their first criticism deals with the way we measured corporatism. They reject our ‘composite’ approach on the basis that different experts have different conceptual understandings of c…
Corporatism and Consensus Democracy in Eighteen Countries: Conceptual and Empirical Linkages
This research Note has two complementary theoretical objectives. First, we shall attempt to place the form of interest representation and the involvement of interest groups in policy formation known as corporatism – or as democratic, societal, liberal or neo-corporatism – in a broader political context: is corporatism systematically linked with other democratic institutions and processes? Secondly, we shall try to fill a gap in the theory of cons…
Constructing Tolerance: How the Welfare State Shapes Attitudes About Immigrants
Over the past 30 years, the hitherto rather homogeneous welfare states in Europe have been experiencing a dramatic influx of immigrants, making them much more diverse. The central purpose of the early development of the welfare state was twofold: to bridge class divisions and to mollify ethnic divisions in the vast multiethnic empires of 19th-century Germany and Austria. This research examines the impact of the programmatic and expenditure dimens…
The impact of constitutional structures and collective and competitive veto points on income inequality in industrialized democracies
This paper presents the first systematic, empirical examination of the impact of constitutional structures on income inequality among eighteen OECD countries. Our pooled time series/cross–sectional panel analysis (n = 18, t = 2) reveals that consensual political institutions are systematically related to lower income inequalities while the reverse is true for majoritarian political institutions. We also make a crucial distinction between ‘collect…
The impact of party polarization and postmaterialism on voter turnout: A comparative study of 16 industrial democracies
Previous research on voter turnout has concluded that institutional factors such as compulsory voting, registration laws and the degree of disproportionality of the electoral system have a determining impact on the number of people who cast their ballots. This article goes beyond such an institutional explanation. It is hypothesized that a diverse political landscape which offers a great menu of political choices to electors is more likely to hav…
Corporatism in Decline: An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Corporatism on Macroeconomic Performance and Industrial Disputes in 18 Industrialized Democracies
During the 1970s and early 1980s most studies on corporatism indicated that corporatist policies led to lower unemployment and inflation and higher economic growth rates. In the mid- and late 1980s, however, voices claiming that corporatism is in “decline” became more and more frequent although hardly any empirical examinations were undertaken. The purpose of this study is to estimate empirically the influence of corporatist arrangements on macro…
Consensus Versus Majoritarian Democracy: Political Institutions and their Impact on Macroeconomic Performance and Industrial Disputes
This article argues that consensual political institutions as operationalized by Lijphart and Crepaz (1991) have significantly favorable effects on unemployment, inflation, and the number of working days lost, whereas economic growth remains unaffected. Although this finding is consistent with Olson's theoretical concept of “encompassing organizations,” this study shows that Olson's empirical operationalization is flawed. “Strong,” two-party “Wes…
Inclusion versus Exclusion: Political Institutions and Welfare Expenditures
Despite the large number of empirical studies on the determinants of welfare expenditures, a systematic exploration of the consequences of political institutions on welfare effort (welfare spending as a percentage of national income) is still lacking.' Political institutions in our context are the constitutional features of a political system. This study discusses two sorts of veto points, collective and competitive, that affect welfare effort. T…
From Semisovereignty to Sovereignty: The Decline of Corporatism and Rise of Parliament in Austria
More than thirty years ago, American political scientist E. E. Schattschneider published a book with persuasive title The Semisovereign People.' The central concern of his work was influence of what he termed the on democratic process. In it, he provided a first stinging criticism of earlier pluralists such as Bentley,2 Truman,3 and Latham.4 Schattschneider's insight was that pluralism does not lead to an unbiased representation of people's prefe…
Global, Constitutional, and Partisan Determinants of Redistribution in Fifteen OECD Countries
The purpose of this article is to examine how the pressures of globalization are mediated by the institutional and partisan configuration in fifteen OECD countries. Recently, much scholarship has probed for the effects of globalization on domestic policymaking. It runs the gamut from arguments that globalization will significantly erode the policymaking capacity of governments to arguments that the globalization thesis is seriously overstated and…
Consociational Interpretations of the European Union
The Impact of Collective and Competitive Veto Points on Public Expenditures in the Global Age
This study examines the determinants of public expenditures in advanced market economies by simultaneously assessing the impact of domestic political institutions and globalization. A distinction is made between collective veto points and competitive veto points, demonstrating that not all veto points have restrictive effects. It is shown that public expenditures are significantly and positively affected by collective veto points, whereas the opp…
The Power of Citizenship: How Immigrant Incorporation Affects Attitudes towards Social Benefits
Explaining national variations of air pollution levels: Political institutions and their impact on environmental policy‐making
(1995). Explaining national variations of air pollution levels: Political institutions and their impact on environmental policy‐making. Environmental Politics: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 391-414
Veto Players, Globalization and the Redistributive Capacity of the State: A Panel Study of 15 OECD Countries
Globalization is said to restrict severely the state's capacity to fulfill its welfare function in advanced industrial societies. This paper tests empirically the redistributive capacity of the state operationalized as the difference in percent of households who live below 50% of the median income in their respective country before taxes and transfers and after taxes and transfers, based on the latest Luxembourg Income Study data. Besides globali…
Trust Matters: The Impact of Ingroup and Outgroup Trust on Nativism and Civicness
Objectives The objectives of this study are threefold: first, we separate trust into a two‐dimensional concept: ingroup trust and outgroup trust. Second, we apply both types of trust to two dependent variables: nativism and civicness, hypothesizing that respondents with ingroup trust should display higher degrees of nativism and lower degrees of civicness while the opposite should apply to respondents with outgroup trust. Third, we control for th…
What's Trust Got to Do With It? The Effects of In‐Group and Out‐Group Trust on Conventional and Unconventional Political Participation
Objective This article explores whether there is a systematic variation in conventional and unconventional political participation as a function of in‐group versus out‐group trust. We postulate that the narrower the moral community is, the more political participation is restricted to conventional activity that is perceived as an obligation, as a political act to be fulfilled, something akin to citizenship duty. However, individuals with high lev…
Linking and Integrating Corporatism and Consensus Democracy: Theory, Concepts and Evidence
Hans Keman's and Paul Pennings's critique (‘Managing Political and Societal Conflict in Democracies: Do Consensus and Corporatism Matter?’, this Journal, preceding pages) of our attempt to link corporatism and consensus democracy falls essentially into three parts. Their first criticism deals with the way we measured corporatism. They reject our ‘composite’ approach on the basis that different experts have different conceptual understandings of c…
Constitutional structures and regime performance in 18 industrialized democracies: A test of Olson's hypothesis
According to Olson's concept of encompassing organizations, strong two‐party, plurality oriented political systems should create more ‘responsible’ public policies than ‘weak’ multi‐party governments based on proportional representation. An empirical measure of ‘encompassment’, termed popular cabinet support, is developed and tested in a multivariate controlled statistical analysis of 18 industrialized democracies. While Olson's theoretical conce…
Of Paradigms Won and Lost: The Neo-Corporatist World According to Howard J. Wiarda
Howard J. Wiarda overestimated the staying power of neo-corporatism. In 1997, when he proclaimed that corporatism would be as influential as liberalism and socialism, a number of factors were already undermining corporatism in western democracies, such as globalization, post-materialism, and post-industrialism. Crucially, political party systems in Western democracies had begun to fragment, and formerly pillarized societies were beginning to flat…
An institutional dinosaur: Austrian corporatism in the post‐industrial age
While the Austrian party system, based on a competitive electoral logic, is able to absorb the wide‐ranging changes created by modernisation in the last 25 years, the corporatist system, based on a 'protective' logic insulates itself from societal change. Corporatist organisations are designed to create societal stability. As societies experience dynamic change, the corporatist institutional structure not only becomes obsolete but also hinders ev…
Coveting Uniformity in a Diverse World: The Authoritarian Roots of Welfare Chauvinism in Postmigration Crisis Germany
Objective To explore the links between authoritarian personality traits and welfare chauvinism by controlling for a host of alternative explanations while also investigating whether these links are additive or interacting with other triggering variables. Method Using the online survey platform Qualtrics, a stratified sample of 1,010 respondents in Germany was recruited in January 2019. Authoritarian personality is operationalized by applying the …
Is Equality Good Medicine? Determinants of Life Expectancy in Industrialized Democracies
The association between income inequality which creates psycho-social stress and longevity is of a curvilinear, concave nature. Low levels of income inequality are connected with shorter life expectancy. As inequality increases so does life expectancy until a point is reached where further increases in inequality lead to decreases in life expectancy. This finding is consistent with general theories of the effects of stress on performance as found…
Ethnic hierarchies versus civic values in a community of descent: Evidence from an interactive survey experiment in Germany
This article examines whether German respondents in an interactive vignette experiment prefer immigrants who are ethno‐racially more proximate to the majority population versus whether immigrants find acceptance in German society as long as they follow the law and respect the rules and customs of society. The approach is both descriptive and experimental. The descriptive results indicate that despite liberalisation of immigration policies since 2…
Authoritarianism, economic threat, and the limits of multiculturalism in post‐migration crisis Germany
Objective The purpose of this article is to investigate the associations between submissive authoritarianism, multiculturalism, and perceived economic threat. More specifically, it explores whether the effects of multiculturalism on authoritarianism are moderated by perceived economic anxieties. Methods An original data set was collected using the online platform Qualtrics, which consisted of a stratified sample of 1010 complete responses from a …
The impact of party polarization and postmaterialism on voter turnout: A comparative study of 16 industrial democracies
Previous research on voter turnout has concluded that institutional factors such as compulsory voting, registration laws and the degree of disproportionality of the electoral system have a determining impact on the number of people who cast their ballots. This article goes beyond such an institutional explanation. It is hypothesized that a diverse political landscape which offers a great menu of political choices to electors is more likely to hav…
Corporatism and Consensus Democracy in Eighteen Countries: Conceptual and Empirical Linkages
This research Note has two complementary theoretical objectives. First, we shall attempt to place the form of interest representation and the involvement of interest groups in policy formation known as corporatism – or as democratic, societal, liberal or neo-corporatism – in a broader political context: is corporatism systematically linked with other democratic institutions and processes? Secondly, we shall try to fill a gap in the theory of cons…
Corporatism in Decline: An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Corporatism on Macroeconomic Performance and Industrial Disputes in 18 Industrialized Democracies
During the 1970s and early 1980s most studies on corporatism indicated that corporatist policies led to lower unemployment and inflation and higher economic growth rates. In the mid- and late 1980s, however, voices claiming that corporatism is in “decline” became more and more frequent although hardly any empirical examinations were undertaken. The purpose of this study is to estimate empirically the influence of corporatist arrangements on macro…
From Semisovereignty to Sovereignty: The Decline of Corporatism and Rise of Parliament in Austria
More than thirty years ago, American political scientist E. E. Schattschneider published a book with persuasive title The Semisovereign People.' The central concern of his work was influence of what he termed the on democratic process. In it, he provided a first stinging criticism of earlier pluralists such as Bentley,2 Truman,3 and Latham.4 Schattschneider's insight was that pluralism does not lead to an unbiased representation of people's prefe…
Explaining national variations of air pollution levels: Political institutions and their impact on environmental policy‐making
(1995). Explaining national variations of air pollution levels: Political institutions and their impact on environmental policy‐making. Environmental Politics: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 391-414
An institutional dinosaur: Austrian corporatism in the post‐industrial age
While the Austrian party system, based on a competitive electoral logic, is able to absorb the wide‐ranging changes created by modernisation in the last 25 years, the corporatist system, based on a 'protective' logic insulates itself from societal change. Corporatist organisations are designed to create societal stability. As societies experience dynamic change, the corporatist institutional structure not only becomes obsolete but also hinders ev…
Linking and Integrating Corporatism and Consensus Democracy: Theory, Concepts and Evidence
Hans Keman's and Paul Pennings's critique (‘Managing Political and Societal Conflict in Democracies: Do Consensus and Corporatism Matter?’, this Journal, preceding pages) of our attempt to link corporatism and consensus democracy falls essentially into three parts. Their first criticism deals with the way we measured corporatism. They reject our ‘composite’ approach on the basis that different experts have different conceptual understandings of c…
Constitutional structures and regime performance in 18 industrialized democracies: A test of Olson's hypothesis
According to Olson's concept of encompassing organizations, strong two‐party, plurality oriented political systems should create more ‘responsible’ public policies than ‘weak’ multi‐party governments based on proportional representation. An empirical measure of ‘encompassment’, termed popular cabinet support, is developed and tested in a multivariate controlled statistical analysis of 18 industrialized democracies. While Olson's theoretical conce…
Consensus Versus Majoritarian Democracy: Political Institutions and their Impact on Macroeconomic Performance and Industrial Disputes
This article argues that consensual political institutions as operationalized by Lijphart and Crepaz (1991) have significantly favorable effects on unemployment, inflation, and the number of working days lost, whereas economic growth remains unaffected. Although this finding is consistent with Olson's theoretical concept of “encompassing organizations,” this study shows that Olson's empirical operationalization is flawed. “Strong,” two-party “Wes…
The impact of constitutional structures and collective and competitive veto points on income inequality in industrialized democracies
This paper presents the first systematic, empirical examination of the impact of constitutional structures on income inequality among eighteen OECD countries. Our pooled time series/cross–sectional panel analysis (n = 18, t = 2) reveals that consensual political institutions are systematically related to lower income inequalities while the reverse is true for majoritarian political institutions. We also make a crucial distinction between ‘collect…
Inclusion versus Exclusion: Political Institutions and Welfare Expenditures
Despite the large number of empirical studies on the determinants of welfare expenditures, a systematic exploration of the consequences of political institutions on welfare effort (welfare spending as a percentage of national income) is still lacking.' Political institutions in our context are the constitutional features of a political system. This study discusses two sorts of veto points, collective and competitive, that affect welfare effort. T…
Veto Players, Globalization and the Redistributive Capacity of the State: A Panel Study of 15 OECD Countries
Globalization is said to restrict severely the state's capacity to fulfill its welfare function in advanced industrial societies. This paper tests empirically the redistributive capacity of the state operationalized as the difference in percent of households who live below 50% of the median income in their respective country before taxes and transfers and after taxes and transfers, based on the latest Luxembourg Income Study data. Besides globali…
Consociational Interpretations of the European Union
Global, Constitutional, and Partisan Determinants of Redistribution in Fifteen OECD Countries
The purpose of this article is to examine how the pressures of globalization are mediated by the institutional and partisan configuration in fifteen OECD countries. Recently, much scholarship has probed for the effects of globalization on domestic policymaking. It runs the gamut from arguments that globalization will significantly erode the policymaking capacity of governments to arguments that the globalization thesis is seriously overstated and…
Is Equality Good Medicine? Determinants of Life Expectancy in Industrialized Democracies
The association between income inequality which creates psycho-social stress and longevity is of a curvilinear, concave nature. Low levels of income inequality are connected with shorter life expectancy. As inequality increases so does life expectancy until a point is reached where further increases in inequality lead to decreases in life expectancy. This finding is consistent with general theories of the effects of stress on performance as found…
The Impact of Collective and Competitive Veto Points on Public Expenditures in the Global Age
This study examines the determinants of public expenditures in advanced market economies by simultaneously assessing the impact of domestic political institutions and globalization. A distinction is made between collective veto points and competitive veto points, demonstrating that not all veto points have restrictive effects. It is shown that public expenditures are significantly and positively affected by collective veto points, whereas the opp…
Trust beyond Borders: Immigration, the Welfare State, and Identity in Modern Societies
Will immigration undermine the welfare state? Trust beyond Borders draws on public opinion data and case studies of Germany, Sweden, and the United States to document the influence of immigration and diversity on trust, reciprocity, and public support for welfare programs. Markus M. L. Crepaz demonstrates that we are, at least in some cases, capable of trusting beyond borders: of expressing faith in our fellow humans and extending help without re…
Constructing Tolerance: How the Welfare State Shapes Attitudes About Immigrants
Over the past 30 years, the hitherto rather homogeneous welfare states in Europe have been experiencing a dramatic influx of immigrants, making them much more diverse. The central purpose of the early development of the welfare state was twofold: to bridge class divisions and to mollify ethnic divisions in the vast multiethnic empires of 19th-century Germany and Austria. This research examines the impact of the programmatic and expenditure dimens…
Trust Matters: The Impact of Ingroup and Outgroup Trust on Nativism and Civicness
Objectives The objectives of this study are threefold: first, we separate trust into a two‐dimensional concept: ingroup trust and outgroup trust. Second, we apply both types of trust to two dependent variables: nativism and civicness, hypothesizing that respondents with ingroup trust should display higher degrees of nativism and lower degrees of civicness while the opposite should apply to respondents with outgroup trust. Third, we control for th…
Rumors that diversity is the death of the welfare state are greatly exaggerated: On the resilience of the European social model
The Power of Citizenship: How Immigrant Incorporation Affects Attitudes towards Social Benefits
What's Trust Got to Do With It? The Effects of In‐Group and Out‐Group Trust on Conventional and Unconventional Political Participation
Objective This article explores whether there is a systematic variation in conventional and unconventional political participation as a function of in‐group versus out‐group trust. We postulate that the narrower the moral community is, the more political participation is restricted to conventional activity that is perceived as an obligation, as a political act to be fulfilled, something akin to citizenship duty. However, individuals with high lev…
Postindustrial Cleavages and Electoral Change in an Advanced Capitalist Democracy: The Austrian Case
Theories on post-industrialism generally agree that post-industrial societies are characterized first, a shift from the production of manufactured goods to the production of services, and second by a “new centrality” of theoretical knowledge and technical information. In the early 1980s, there were widespread expectations that the “post-industrial revolution” would entail a substantial restructuring of traditional cleavages along a new axis, sepa…
Of Paradigms Won and Lost: The Neo-Corporatist World According to Howard J. Wiarda
Howard J. Wiarda overestimated the staying power of neo-corporatism. In 1997, when he proclaimed that corporatism would be as influential as liberalism and socialism, a number of factors were already undermining corporatism in western democracies, such as globalization, post-materialism, and post-industrialism. Crucially, political party systems in Western democracies had begun to fragment, and formerly pillarized societies were beginning to flat…
Coveting Uniformity in a Diverse World: The Authoritarian Roots of Welfare Chauvinism in Postmigration Crisis Germany
Objective To explore the links between authoritarian personality traits and welfare chauvinism by controlling for a host of alternative explanations while also investigating whether these links are additive or interacting with other triggering variables. Method Using the online survey platform Qualtrics, a stratified sample of 1,010 respondents in Germany was recruited in January 2019. Authoritarian personality is operationalized by applying the …
Political science (28 works) · Economics (23 works) · Law (22 works) · Politics (21 works) · Law (15 works) · Political economy (11 works) · Social Policy and Reform Studies (11 works) · Sociology (11 works) · Demographic economics (8 works) · Economic system (8 works)