M Stoneking
Biographic Data
| ID | 1215 |
|---|---|
| NAME | M Stoneking |
| GIVEN NAMES | M |
| FAMILY NAME | Stoneking |
| SIGNATURE | STONEKING M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9044-6679 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 36 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 252 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 36 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1987 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Sea Nomads, Sultans, and Raiders: History and Ethnogenesis in the Sulu Archipelago, Philippines
The Sulu Archipelago, nestled between Mindanao and Borneo, has been a melting pot of people and cultures for thousands of years. Major sociopolitical changes marked its history, attracting groups of people or forcing drastic dispersals. Today, the islands host various ethnolinguistic groups, including Sama-Badjaw and Tausug-speaking communities. We surveyed the literature from multiple disciplines—linguistics, anthropology, archaeology, history, …
Sea Nomads, Sultans, and Raiders: History and Ethnogenesis in the Sulu Archipelago, Philippines
The Sulu Archipelago, nestled between Mindanao and Borneo, has been a melting pot of people and cultures for thousands of years. Major sociopolitical changes marked its history, attracting groups of people or forcing drastic dispersals. Today, the islands host various ethnolinguistic groups, including Sama-Badjaw and Tausug-speaking communities. We surveyed the literature from multiple disciplines—linguistics, anthropology, archaeology, history, …
Ancient DNA indicates human population shifts and admixture in northern and southern China
A genetic history of China The history of human movements into and within China has been difficult to determine solely from archaeological investigations or genetic studies of contemporary peoples. Yang et al. sequenced DNA from 26 individuals from 9500 to 300 years ago from locations within China. Analyses of these individuals, along with previously sequenced ancient individuals and present-day genomes representing global populations, show a spl…
High‐resolution mitochondrial DNA analysis sheds light on human diversity, cultural interactions, and population mobility in Northwestern Amazonia
OBJECTIVES: Northwestern Amazonia (NWA) is a center of high linguistic and cultural diversity. Several language families and linguistic isolates occur in this region, as well as different subsistence patterns, with some groups being foragers and others agriculturalists. In addition, speakers of Eastern Tukanoan languages are known for practicing linguistic exogamy, a marriage system in which partners are taken from different language groups. In t…
Genetic structure and sex‐biased gene flow in the history of southern African populations
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the genetic history of southern African populations with a special focus on their paternal history. We reexamined previous claims that the Y-chromosome haplogroup E1b1b (E-M293) was brought to southern Africa by pastoralists from eastern Africa, and investigated patterns of sex-biased gene flow in southern Africa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed previously published complete mtDNA genome sequences and ∼900 kb of NRY…
Matriclans shape populations: Insights from the Angolan Namib Desert into the maternal genetic history of southern Africa
OBJECTIVES: Southern Angola is a poorly studied region, inhabited by populations that have been associated with different migratory movements into southern Africa. Apart from Kx'a-speaking San foragers and Bantu-speaking pastoralists, ethnographic and linguistic studies have suggested the existence of an enigmatic array of pre-Bantu communities, like the Kwepe (formerly Khoe-Kwadi speakers), Twa and Kwisi. Here, we evaluate previous peopling hypo…
A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia
The population history of Aboriginal Australians remains largely uncharacterized. Here we generate high-coverage genomes for 83 Aboriginal Australians (speakers of Pama–Nyungan languages) and 25 Papuans from the New Guinea Highlands. We find that Papuan and Aboriginal Australian ancestors diversified 25–40 thousand years ago (kya), suggesting pre-Holocene population structure in the ancient continent of Sahul (Australia, New Guinea and Tasmania).…
New insights into the history of the C ‐14010 lactase persistence variant in E astern and S outhern A frica
Lactase persistence (LP), the ability to digest lactose into adulthood, is strongly associated with the cultural traits of pastoralism and milk‐drinking among human populations, and several different genetic variants are known that confer LP. Recent studies of LP variants in Southern African populations, with a focus on Khoisan‐speaking groups, found high frequencies of an LP variant (the C‐14010 allele) that also occurs in Eastern Africa, and co…
Unraveling the complex maternal history of Southern African Khoisan populations
The Khoisan populations of southern Africa are known to harbor some of the deepest‐rooting lineages of human mtDNA; however, their relationships are as yet poorly understood. Here, we report the results of analyses of complete mtDNA genome sequences from nearly 700 individuals representing 26 populations of southern Africa who speak diverse Khoisan and Bantu languages. Our data reveal a multilayered history of the indigenous populations of southe…
Variation and signatures of selection on the human face
There has been much debate about why humans throughout the world differ in facial form. Previous studies of human skull morphology found levels of among-population differentiation that were comparable to those of neutral genetic markers, suggesting that genetic drift (neutral processes) played an important role in influencing facial differentiation. However, variation in soft-tissue morphology has not been studied in detail. In this study, we ana…
Denisova Admixture and the First Modern Human Dispersals into Southeast Asia and Oceania
Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia
Using DNA extracted from a finger bone found in Denisova Cave in southern Siberia, we have sequenced the genome of an archaic hominin to about 1.9-fold coverage. This individual is from a group that shares a common origin with Neanderthals. This population was not involved in the putative gene flow from Neanderthals into Eurasians; however, the data suggest that it contributed 4–6% of its genetic material to the genomes of present-day Melanesians…
Genetic perspectives on forager‐farmer interaction in the Luangwa Valley of Zambia
The transformation from a foraging way of life to a reliance on domesticated plants and animals often led to the expansion of agropastoralist populations at the expense of hunter‐gatherers (HGs). In Africa, one of these expansions involved the Niger‐Congo Bantu‐speaking populations that started to spread southwards from Cameroon/Nigeria ∼4,000 years ago, bringing agricultural technologies. Genetic studies have shown different degrees of gene flow…
MtDNA and Y‐chromosome variation in the Talysh of Iran and Azerbaijan
The Northern Talysh from Azerbaijan and the Southern Talysh from Iran self‐identify as one ethnic group and speak a Northwestern Iranian language. However, the Northern and Southern Talysh dialects are so different that they may actually be separate languages. Does this linguistic differentiation reflect internal change due to isolation, or could contact‐induced change have played a role? We analyzed mtDNA HVI sequences, 11 Y‐chromosome bi‐alleli…
Boundaries and clines in the West Eurasian Y‐chromosome landscape: Insights from the European part of Russia
Previous studies of Y chromosome variation have revealed that western Europe, the Volga‐Ural region, and the Caucasus differ dramatically with respect to Y‐SNP haplogroup composition. The European part of Russia is situated in between these three regions; to determine if these differences reflect clines or boundaries in the Y‐chromosome landscape, we analyzed 12 Y‐SNPs in 545 males from 12 populations from the European part of Russia. The majorit…
A Historical Appraisal of Clicks: A Linguistic and Genetic Population Perspective
Clicks are often considered an exotic feature of languages, and the fact that certain African "Khoisan" groups share the use of clicks as consonants and exhibit deep genetic divergences has been argued to indicate that clicks trace back to an early common ancestral language ( Knight et al. 2003 ). Here, we review the linguistic evidence concerning the use of click sounds in languages and the genetic evidence concerning the relationships of Africa…
Mating patterns amongst Siberian reindeer herders: Inferences from mtDNA and Y‐chromosomal analyses
The Evenks and Evens, who speak closely related languages belonging to the Northern Tungusic branch of the Tungusic family, are nomadic reindeer herders and hunters. They are spread over an immense territory in northeastern Siberia, and consequently different subgroups are in contact with diverse peoples speaking Samoyedic, Turkic, Mongolic, Chukotka‐Kamchatkan, and Yukaghir languages. Nevertheless, the languages and culture of the Evenks and Eve…
A preliminary analysis of the DNA and diet of the extinct Beothuk: A systematic approach to ancient human DNA
We have used a systematic protocol for extracting, quantitating, sexing and validating ancient human mitochondrial and nuclear DNA of one male and one female Beothuk, a Native American population from Newfoundland, which became extinct ∼180 years ago. They carried mtDNA haplotypes, which fall within haplogroups X and C, consistent with Northeastern Native populations today. In addition we have sexed the male using a novel‐sexing assay and confirm…
Dual origins of the Japanese: Common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes
Genetic evidence for the Mongolian ancestry of Kalmyks
The Kalmyks are an ethnic group along the lower Volga River in Russia who are thought to have migrated there from Mongolia about 300 years ago. To investigate their origins, we studied mtDNA and Y‐chromosome variation in 99 Kalmyks. Both mtDNA HV1 sequences and Y‐chromosome SNP haplogroups indicate a close relationship of Kalmyks with Mongolians. In addition, genetic diversity for both mtDNA and the Y chromosome are comparable in Kalmyks, Mongoli…
Mitochondrial DNA evidence for admixed origins of central Siberian populations
The Yakuts of northeastern Siberia are a Turkic‐speaking population of horse‐ and cattle‐breeders surrounded by Tungusic‐speaking reindeer‐herders and hunter‐gatherers. Archaeological and ethnohistorical data suggest that Yakuts stem from a common ancestral population with the Buryats living near Lake Baikal. To address this hypothesis, we obtained sequences of the first hypervariable segment (HV1) of the mitochondrial DNA control region from Yak…
Extreme mtDNA homogeneity in continental Asian populations
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in continental Asia has not been well‐studied. Here, we report mtDNA HV1 sequences for 84 Xi'an and 82 Changsha Han Chinese, 89 Honshu Japanese, and 35 Vietnamese. Comparison of these sequences with other Asian mtDNA sequences reveals high variability within populations, but extremely low differentiation among Asian populations. Correlations between genetic distance and geographic distance, based on mtDNA and Y…
Human mtDNA and Y-chromosome variation is correlated with matrilocal versus patrilocal residence
Brief communication: Discouraging prospects for ancient DNA from India
MtDNA Analysis of a Prehistoric Oneota Population: Implications for the Peopling of the New World
The Genetic Structure of Ancient Human Populations
Ancient DNA from a pre‐Columbian Amerindian population
Ancient DNA was obtained from skeletal remains from the Norris Farms #36 cemetery, a pre‐Columbian archeological site in central Illinois that dates to A. D. 1300. Four mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers were analyzed that delineate the four primary mtDNA lineages found in contemporary Amerindian populations. mtDNA types were determined for 50 individuals; 49 belonged to one of these four lineages. One lineage occurred only in males, suggesting an…
Mitochondrial DNA evidence for admixed origins of central Siberian populations
The Yakuts of northeastern Siberia are a Turkic‐speaking population of horse‐ and cattle‐breeders surrounded by Tungusic‐speaking reindeer‐herders and hunter‐gatherers. Archaeological and ethnohistorical data suggest that Yakuts stem from a common ancestral population with the Buryats living near Lake Baikal. To address this hypothesis, we obtained sequences of the first hypervariable segment (HV1) of the mitochondrial DNA control region from Yak…
Extreme mtDNA homogeneity in continental Asian populations
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in continental Asia has not been well‐studied. Here, we report mtDNA HV1 sequences for 84 Xi'an and 82 Changsha Han Chinese, 89 Honshu Japanese, and 35 Vietnamese. Comparison of these sequences with other Asian mtDNA sequences reveals high variability within populations, but extremely low differentiation among Asian populations. Correlations between genetic distance and geographic distance, based on mtDNA and Y…
Unraveling the complex maternal history of Southern African Khoisan populations
The Khoisan populations of southern Africa are known to harbor some of the deepest‐rooting lineages of human mtDNA; however, their relationships are as yet poorly understood. Here, we report the results of analyses of complete mtDNA genome sequences from nearly 700 individuals representing 26 populations of southern Africa who speak diverse Khoisan and Bantu languages. Our data reveal a multilayered history of the indigenous populations of southe…
A Historical Appraisal of Clicks: A Linguistic and Genetic Population Perspective
Clicks are often considered an exotic feature of languages, and the fact that certain African "Khoisan" groups share the use of clicks as consonants and exhibit deep genetic divergences has been argued to indicate that clicks trace back to an early common ancestral language ( Knight et al. 2003 ). Here, we review the linguistic evidence concerning the use of click sounds in languages and the genetic evidence concerning the relationships of Africa…
Mating patterns amongst Siberian reindeer herders: Inferences from mtDNA and Y‐chromosomal analyses
The Evenks and Evens, who speak closely related languages belonging to the Northern Tungusic branch of the Tungusic family, are nomadic reindeer herders and hunters. They are spread over an immense territory in northeastern Siberia, and consequently different subgroups are in contact with diverse peoples speaking Samoyedic, Turkic, Mongolic, Chukotka‐Kamchatkan, and Yukaghir languages. Nevertheless, the languages and culture of the Evenks and Eve…
A preliminary analysis of the DNA and diet of the extinct Beothuk: A systematic approach to ancient human DNA
We have used a systematic protocol for extracting, quantitating, sexing and validating ancient human mitochondrial and nuclear DNA of one male and one female Beothuk, a Native American population from Newfoundland, which became extinct ∼180 years ago. They carried mtDNA haplotypes, which fall within haplogroups X and C, consistent with Northeastern Native populations today. In addition we have sexed the male using a novel‐sexing assay and confirm…
Genetic evidence for the Mongolian ancestry of Kalmyks
The Kalmyks are an ethnic group along the lower Volga River in Russia who are thought to have migrated there from Mongolia about 300 years ago. To investigate their origins, we studied mtDNA and Y‐chromosome variation in 99 Kalmyks. Both mtDNA HV1 sequences and Y‐chromosome SNP haplogroups indicate a close relationship of Kalmyks with Mongolians. In addition, genetic diversity for both mtDNA and the Y chromosome are comparable in Kalmyks, Mongoli…
In Defense of “Eve”—A Response to Templeton's Critique
Matriclans shape populations: Insights from the Angolan Namib Desert into the maternal genetic history of southern Africa
OBJECTIVES: Southern Angola is a poorly studied region, inhabited by populations that have been associated with different migratory movements into southern Africa. Apart from Kx'a-speaking San foragers and Bantu-speaking pastoralists, ethnographic and linguistic studies have suggested the existence of an enigmatic array of pre-Bantu communities, like the Kwepe (formerly Khoe-Kwadi speakers), Twa and Kwisi. Here, we evaluate previous peopling hypo…
New insights into the history of the C ‐14010 lactase persistence variant in E astern and S outhern A frica
Lactase persistence (LP), the ability to digest lactose into adulthood, is strongly associated with the cultural traits of pastoralism and milk‐drinking among human populations, and several different genetic variants are known that confer LP. Recent studies of LP variants in Southern African populations, with a focus on Khoisan‐speaking groups, found high frequencies of an LP variant (the C‐14010 allele) that also occurs in Eastern Africa, and co…
Boundaries and clines in the West Eurasian Y‐chromosome landscape: Insights from the European part of Russia
Previous studies of Y chromosome variation have revealed that western Europe, the Volga‐Ural region, and the Caucasus differ dramatically with respect to Y‐SNP haplogroup composition. The European part of Russia is situated in between these three regions; to determine if these differences reflect clines or boundaries in the Y‐chromosome landscape, we analyzed 12 Y‐SNPs in 545 males from 12 populations from the European part of Russia. The majorit…
High‐resolution mitochondrial DNA analysis sheds light on human diversity, cultural interactions, and population mobility in Northwestern Amazonia
OBJECTIVES: Northwestern Amazonia (NWA) is a center of high linguistic and cultural diversity. Several language families and linguistic isolates occur in this region, as well as different subsistence patterns, with some groups being foragers and others agriculturalists. In addition, speakers of Eastern Tukanoan languages are known for practicing linguistic exogamy, a marriage system in which partners are taken from different language groups. In t…
Genetic structure and sex‐biased gene flow in the history of southern African populations
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the genetic history of southern African populations with a special focus on their paternal history. We reexamined previous claims that the Y-chromosome haplogroup E1b1b (E-M293) was brought to southern Africa by pastoralists from eastern Africa, and investigated patterns of sex-biased gene flow in southern Africa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed previously published complete mtDNA genome sequences and ∼900 kb of NRY…
Genetic perspectives on forager‐farmer interaction in the Luangwa Valley of Zambia
The transformation from a foraging way of life to a reliance on domesticated plants and animals often led to the expansion of agropastoralist populations at the expense of hunter‐gatherers (HGs). In Africa, one of these expansions involved the Niger‐Congo Bantu‐speaking populations that started to spread southwards from Cameroon/Nigeria ∼4,000 years ago, bringing agricultural technologies. Genetic studies have shown different degrees of gene flow…
MtDNA and Y‐chromosome variation in the Talysh of Iran and Azerbaijan
The Northern Talysh from Azerbaijan and the Southern Talysh from Iran self‐identify as one ethnic group and speak a Northwestern Iranian language. However, the Northern and Southern Talysh dialects are so different that they may actually be separate languages. Does this linguistic differentiation reflect internal change due to isolation, or could contact‐induced change have played a role? We analyzed mtDNA HVI sequences, 11 Y‐chromosome bi‐alleli…
Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution
African Populations and the Evolution of Human Mitochondrial DNA
The proposal that all mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) types in contemporary humans stem from a common ancestor present in an African population some 200,000 years ago has attracted much attention. To study this proposal further, two hypervariable segments of mtDNA were sequenced from 189 people of diverse geographic origin, including 121 native Africans. Geographic specificity was observed in that identical mtDNA types are shared within but not between…
DNA and recent human evolution
The study of recent human evolution, or the origin of modern humans, is currently dominated by two theories. The recent African origin hypothesis holds that there was a single origin of modern humans in Africa about 100,000 years ago, after which these humans dispersed throughout the rest of the world, mixing little or not at all with nonmodern populations. The multiregional evolution hypothesis holds that there was no single origin of modern hum…
Ancient DNA from a pre‐Columbian Amerindian population
Ancient DNA was obtained from skeletal remains from the Norris Farms #36 cemetery, a pre‐Columbian archeological site in central Illinois that dates to A. D. 1300. Four mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers were analyzed that delineate the four primary mtDNA lineages found in contemporary Amerindian populations. mtDNA types were determined for 50 individuals; 49 belonged to one of these four lineages. One lineage occurred only in males, suggesting an…
The Genetic Structure of Ancient Human Populations
Mark Stoneking replies
In Defense of “Eve”—A Response to Templeton's Critique
Sex determination of ancient human skeletons using DNA
A method for determining the sex of human skeletons was developed using molecular genetic techniques. The amelogenin gene, found on the X and Y chromosomes, was examined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a nonradioactive dot blot procedure. DNA was analyzed from 20 modern individuals of known sex and 20 skeletons from an archaeological site in central Illinois dating to A.D. 1300. An independent assessment of the sex of each skeleton …
Sex determination of ancient human skeletons using DNA
A method for determining the sex of human skeletons was developed using molecular genetic techniques. The amelogenin gene, found on the X and Y chromosomes, was examined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a nonradioactive dot blot procedure. DNA was analyzed from 20 modern individuals of known sex and 20 skeletons from an archaeological site in central Illinois dating to A.D. 1300. An independent assessment of the sex of each skeleton …
Neandertal DNA Sequences and the Origin of Modern Humans
The founding mitochondrial DNA lineages of Tristan da Cunha Islanders
Genealogical histories show that the inhabitants of Tristan da Cunha are derived from a known number of founders. Using the transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from mother to offspring pairs, we traced the mtDNA types found in 161 extant individuals to five female founders. Although the historical data claimed that two pairs of sisters were among the founding females, mtDNA data showed support for only one pair of sisters. We also studied t…
MtDNA Analysis of a Prehistoric Oneota Population: Implications for the Peopling of the New World
Brief communication: Discouraging prospects for ancient DNA from India
Human mtDNA and Y-chromosome variation is correlated with matrilocal versus patrilocal residence
Extreme mtDNA homogeneity in continental Asian populations
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in continental Asia has not been well‐studied. Here, we report mtDNA HV1 sequences for 84 Xi'an and 82 Changsha Han Chinese, 89 Honshu Japanese, and 35 Vietnamese. Comparison of these sequences with other Asian mtDNA sequences reveals high variability within populations, but extremely low differentiation among Asian populations. Correlations between genetic distance and geographic distance, based on mtDNA and Y…
Mitochondrial DNA evidence for admixed origins of central Siberian populations
The Yakuts of northeastern Siberia are a Turkic‐speaking population of horse‐ and cattle‐breeders surrounded by Tungusic‐speaking reindeer‐herders and hunter‐gatherers. Archaeological and ethnohistorical data suggest that Yakuts stem from a common ancestral population with the Buryats living near Lake Baikal. To address this hypothesis, we obtained sequences of the first hypervariable segment (HV1) of the mitochondrial DNA control region from Yak…
Genetic evidence for the Mongolian ancestry of Kalmyks
The Kalmyks are an ethnic group along the lower Volga River in Russia who are thought to have migrated there from Mongolia about 300 years ago. To investigate their origins, we studied mtDNA and Y‐chromosome variation in 99 Kalmyks. Both mtDNA HV1 sequences and Y‐chromosome SNP haplogroups indicate a close relationship of Kalmyks with Mongolians. In addition, genetic diversity for both mtDNA and the Y chromosome are comparable in Kalmyks, Mongoli…
Dual origins of the Japanese: Common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes
Mating patterns amongst Siberian reindeer herders: Inferences from mtDNA and Y‐chromosomal analyses
The Evenks and Evens, who speak closely related languages belonging to the Northern Tungusic branch of the Tungusic family, are nomadic reindeer herders and hunters. They are spread over an immense territory in northeastern Siberia, and consequently different subgroups are in contact with diverse peoples speaking Samoyedic, Turkic, Mongolic, Chukotka‐Kamchatkan, and Yukaghir languages. Nevertheless, the languages and culture of the Evenks and Eve…
A preliminary analysis of the DNA and diet of the extinct Beothuk: A systematic approach to ancient human DNA
We have used a systematic protocol for extracting, quantitating, sexing and validating ancient human mitochondrial and nuclear DNA of one male and one female Beothuk, a Native American population from Newfoundland, which became extinct ∼180 years ago. They carried mtDNA haplotypes, which fall within haplogroups X and C, consistent with Northeastern Native populations today. In addition we have sexed the male using a novel‐sexing assay and confirm…
Boundaries and clines in the West Eurasian Y‐chromosome landscape: Insights from the European part of Russia
Previous studies of Y chromosome variation have revealed that western Europe, the Volga‐Ural region, and the Caucasus differ dramatically with respect to Y‐SNP haplogroup composition. The European part of Russia is situated in between these three regions; to determine if these differences reflect clines or boundaries in the Y‐chromosome landscape, we analyzed 12 Y‐SNPs in 545 males from 12 populations from the European part of Russia. The majorit…
A Historical Appraisal of Clicks: A Linguistic and Genetic Population Perspective
Clicks are often considered an exotic feature of languages, and the fact that certain African "Khoisan" groups share the use of clicks as consonants and exhibit deep genetic divergences has been argued to indicate that clicks trace back to an early common ancestral language ( Knight et al. 2003 ). Here, we review the linguistic evidence concerning the use of click sounds in languages and the genetic evidence concerning the relationships of Africa…
MtDNA and Y‐chromosome variation in the Talysh of Iran and Azerbaijan
The Northern Talysh from Azerbaijan and the Southern Talysh from Iran self‐identify as one ethnic group and speak a Northwestern Iranian language. However, the Northern and Southern Talysh dialects are so different that they may actually be separate languages. Does this linguistic differentiation reflect internal change due to isolation, or could contact‐induced change have played a role? We analyzed mtDNA HVI sequences, 11 Y‐chromosome bi‐alleli…
Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia
Using DNA extracted from a finger bone found in Denisova Cave in southern Siberia, we have sequenced the genome of an archaic hominin to about 1.9-fold coverage. This individual is from a group that shares a common origin with Neanderthals. This population was not involved in the putative gene flow from Neanderthals into Eurasians; however, the data suggest that it contributed 4–6% of its genetic material to the genomes of present-day Melanesians…
Genetic perspectives on forager‐farmer interaction in the Luangwa Valley of Zambia
The transformation from a foraging way of life to a reliance on domesticated plants and animals often led to the expansion of agropastoralist populations at the expense of hunter‐gatherers (HGs). In Africa, one of these expansions involved the Niger‐Congo Bantu‐speaking populations that started to spread southwards from Cameroon/Nigeria ∼4,000 years ago, bringing agricultural technologies. Genetic studies have shown different degrees of gene flow…
Biology (29 works) · Evolutionary biology (28 works) · Forensic and Genetic Research (25 works) · Genetics (24 works) · Geography (21 works) · Gene (20 works) · Demography (18 works) · Mitochondrial DNA (17 works) · Population (15 works) · Genetics (14 works)