Peter Chalk
Biographic Data
| ID | 1220744 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Peter Chalk |
| GIVEN NAMES | Peter |
| FAMILY NAME | Chalk |
| SIGNATURE | CHALK P |
| AFFILIATIONS | The University of Queensland |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 43 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 92 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 42 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1994 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Domestic Counter-Terrorist Intelligence Structures in the United Kingdom, France, Canada and Australia
This research note considers the origin, development, and functions of intelligence organizations in four selected democratic states, assessing their role in terrorism threat mitigation, their relationship with police forces, and the means and modalities by which they are controlled and monitored. The article is intended to help inform debate over the various strengths and weaknesses of establishing and maintaining dedicated security agencies tha…
Militant Islamic Extremism in the Southern Philippines
The island of Mindanao constitutes the traditional heartland of Islam in the southern Philippines. For several reasons, this particular region existed in more or less isolation from the rest of what is presently known as the Philippines. By the sixteenth century, the island had developed as a major international link in what was rapidly becoming an expansive maritime trade network between Southeast Asia, India, China, and the Middle East. Largely…
Counternetwork: Countering the Expansion of Transnational Criminal Networks
Through an analysis of transnational criminal networks originating in South America, this report presents operational characteristics of these networks, strategic alliances they have established, and the multiple threats that they pose to U.S. interests and to the stability of the countries where they operate. It also identifies U.S. government policies and programs to counter these networks and examines the military's role in that context
Modelling the effectiveness of counter-terrorism interventions
This paper models the connection between the rate of terrorist events and the occurrence of counter-terrorism interventions in order to examine the relative effectiveness of the interventions. Using data from the Global Terrorism Database and information on interventions collected by the authors, model results show that for Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand, reactive types of interventions, such as arrests, indictments, imprisonments, assas…
Promoting Online Voices for Countering Violent Extremism
American Muslims have played an important role in helping to counter extremism and are increasingly using social media to this end. RAND researchers reviewed literature and interviewed American Muslims experienced in social media to understand and explain key challenges facing these Muslim activists, and to identify ways in which the public and private sector can help empower these voices online
Encyclopedia of Terrorism: [2 Volumes]
A valuable, up-to-date reference tool for understanding the latest developments in national and international terrorism—one of the most pressing security challenges facing the world today. Terrorism has emerged as one of the main foreign and national policy challenges of the 21st century.Encyclopedia of Terrorismprovides comprehensive coverage of the events, individuals, groups, incidents, and trends in terrorism in the modern era. This essential…
Assessing the Utility of Current Counterpiracy Initiatives Off the Horn of Africa
This article examines the current international response to piracy and armed robbery off the Horn of Africa (HoA). It first describes the measures that are presently in place before going on to assess the relevance of these responses, both in terms of serving as a viable deterrent and in the context of addressing the root causes driving armed maritime crime in this part of the world. The article concludes by offering some tentative recommendation…
Present Day Piracy: Scope, Dimensions, Dangers, and Causes
Why has international piracy re-emerged as a threat to international shipping? The article introduces the factors that influence modern piracy, and explore the causes of it in more general terms. This introduction provides an overview of the scope and dimensions of modern-day piracy. It looks at problems of definition, statistics, location of attacks and main drivers. The article suggests that there is a limited set of geographical clusters that …
The Lessons of Mumbai
This study of the Mumbai terrorist attack of November 2008 is part of the RAND Corporation Occasional Papers series. The research for this report was completed in December 2008 and updated as of January 9, 2009. Much of the information available for this necessarily preliminary analysis comes from reporting by the news media, which in such circumstances is often inaccurate, and from information provided by well-placed Indian and U.S. Government s…
The evolving terrorist threat to Southeast Asia: A net assessment
Building on prior RAND research analyzing the motives, drivers, and capabilities of the principal extremist groups operating in the Philippines, southern Thailand, and Indonesia, this study examined the historical roots of militancy in these countries, the development and perpetuation of extremist ideological frameworks, and national and international government response efforts
Ungoverned Territories: Understanding and Reducing Terrorism Risks
Using a two-tiered framework areas applied to eight case studies from around the globe, the authors of this ground-breaking work seek to understand the conditions that give rise to ungoverned territories and make them conducive to a terrorist or insurgent presence. They also develop strategies to improve the U.S. ability to mitigate their effects on U.S. security interests
Breaching the Fortress Wall: Understanding Terrorist Efforts to Overcome Defensive Technologies
Technology systems play a key role within a larger, integrated strategy to target groups’ efforts and protect the public from the threat of terrorist violence. This study draws on relevant data from the history of a variety of terrorist conflicts to understand terrorists’ counter-technology efforts. Fully exploring adversaries’ counter-technology behaviors can help make the best choices to protect from the nation from the threat of terrorism
Ungoverned Territories: A Unique Front in the War on Terrorism
This research brief describes a RAND Project AIR FORCE study of the factors that give rise to ungoverned territories and make some of them conducive to terrorists and insurgents
Sharing the Dragon's Teeth: Terrorist Groups and the Exchange of New Technologies
Case studies of 11 terrorist groups in Mindanao, the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and southwest Colombia show how these groups have exchanged technologies and knowledge in an effort to innovate (i.e., improve their operational capabilities). The analysis provides national security policymakers with insight into the innovation process and suggests ways that government policies can create barriers to terrorists’ adoption of new technologies
Characterization of Sulfolobus solfataricus 2-Keto-3-deoxy- D -gluconate Kinase in the Modified Entner-Doudoroff Pathway
The thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus is known to utilize D-glucose via the nonphosphorylated Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway. But, the genome database shows that this microorganism has a gene (kdgK) encoding 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate (KDG) kinase (KDGK) which phosphorylates KDG to 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate. Interestingly, kdgK and three other genes in the modified ED pathway are organized as an operon-like structure. In t…
Exploring Terrorist Targeting Preferences
Each year, federal, state, and local governments spend billions of dollars protecting the United States against acts of terrorism, with human, military, and capital resources allocated in ways that reflect the value and vulnerability of each potential target. Yet those buildings, institutions, and icons perceived as being of utmost value to the United States may not be perceived as such to its potential attackers. That one potential attack may hu…
Securing Tyrants or Fostering Reform? U.S. Internal Security Assistance to Repressive and Transitioning Regimes: U.S. internal security assistance to repressive and transitioning regimes
This study examines the results of U.S. assistance to the internal security forces of four repressive states: El Salvador, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Efforts to improve the security, human rights, and accountability of security forces appear more likely to succeed in states transitioning from repressive to democratic systems. In addition, several factors are critical for success: the duration of assistance, viability of the justice sy…
United States Internal Security Assistance to Pakistan1
Pakistan confronts numerous domestic security challenges including jihadist extremism, Sunni-Shi’a sectarian violence, drug trafficking, illegal commodity smuggling, endemic corruption, and systemic problems with the provision of justice and law enforcement. While much has been written about US military assistance to the Government of Pakistan (GOP) and the ever-evolving political relations between the two countries, basic questions of highest po…
Aptitude for Destruction, Volume 2: Case Studies of Organizational Learning in Five Terrorist Groups
Continuing conflicts between violent groups and states generate an ever-present demand for higher quality and more timely information to support operations to combat terrorism. In particular, better ways are needed to understand how terrorist and insurgent groups adapt over time into more-effective organizations and increasingly dangerous threats. To adapt, terrorist organizations must learn. A group's ability to learn determines its chance of su…
U.S. Strategy in the Muslim World After 9/11
Terrorism and Development: Using Social and Economic Development to Inhibit a Resurgence of Terrorism
This report examines the social and economic development policies enacted by three countries — Israel, the Philippines, and the United Kingdom — to inhibit a resurgence of terrorism within their jurisdictions. Drawing on a broad research base, including numerous first-hand interviews, the authors outline the initiatives implemented by each country then assess their effectiveness, with the aim of informing U.S. decisionmakers of the benefits and p…
Non-Military Security in the Wider Middle East
Most studies on Middle East security focus on traditional threats such as military aggression and terrorism. This draft report examines the scope and dimensions of a broadened regional security agenda. It focuses on three specific issues: the opium trade in Central and Southwest Asia; unregulated population movements from the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan and North Africa; and maritime piracy around the Horn of Africa and Arabian Peninsula. Although …
Colombia: Fragmented Land, Divided Society
This is a history of the country from pre-Columbian times to the present. It includes an in-depth look at the earliest years in Columbia's history which emphasizes the role geography played in shaping Columbia's economy, society, and politics. The book also includes a thorough discussion of Columbian politics which looks at the ways in which historical memory has affected political choices, particularly in the formation and development of the cou…
Trends in Outside Support for Insurgent Movements
State support or sponsorship of an insurgency as an instrument of foreign policy was common during the Cold War. The United States, the Soviet Union, and a host of regional powers backed their favored proxies, often transforming local quarrels into international contests. The end of the Cold War did not end the use of insurgents, but the dimensions and nature of outside aid and the identity of the providers have changed significantly. Hundreds of…
Indonesia's Transformation and the Stability of Southeast Asia
Indonesia is undergoing a systemic political transition that could lead to a variety of outcomes, from the consolidation of democracy to regression to authoritarianism or disintegration. The stakes are high. With a population of 212 million and a land mass greater than the rest of Southeast Asia combined, vast natural resources, and a strategic location straddling critical sea-lanes of communication and straits, Indonesia is the key to Southeast …
Trends in Outside Support for Insurgent Movements
State support or sponsorship of an insurgency as an instrument of foreign policy was common during the Cold War. The United States, the Soviet Union, and a host of regional powers backed their favored proxies, often transforming local quarrels into international contests. The end of the Cold War did not end the use of insurgents, but the dimensions and nature of outside aid and the identity of the providers have changed significantly. Hundreds of…
Colombia: Fragmented Land, Divided Society
This is a history of the country from pre-Columbian times to the present. It includes an in-depth look at the earliest years in Columbia's history which emphasizes the role geography played in shaping Columbia's economy, society, and politics. The book also includes a thorough discussion of Columbian politics which looks at the ways in which historical memory has affected political choices, particularly in the formation and development of the cou…
The liberal democratic response to terrorism
This article examines some of the key principles that should guide a liberal democratic state's response to terrorism, if it responds in a manner which is effective and consistent with its own principles. The author proceeds by examining four areas where the tension between democratic acceptability and effectiveness is seen to be greatest. A model of counter‐terrorism consistent with liberal democratic norms is then proposed
The Evolving Dynamic of Terrorism in the 1990s
Far from being made redundant by the end of the Cold War, terrorism remains the favoured instrument of the extreme and politically disaffected. Indeed in many ways, the practice has become even more complex, multifaceted and lethal. It continues to affect many regions of the world, particularly in the third world, repeatedly demonstrating its ability to undermine the normal course of socio-political interaction. In chronically affected states suc…
Assessing the Utility of Current Counterpiracy Initiatives Off the Horn of Africa
This article examines the current international response to piracy and armed robbery off the Horn of Africa (HoA). It first describes the measures that are presently in place before going on to assess the relevance of these responses, both in terms of serving as a viable deterrent and in the context of addressing the root causes driving armed maritime crime in this part of the world. The article concludes by offering some tentative recommendation…
Present Day Piracy: Scope, Dimensions, Dangers, and Causes
Why has international piracy re-emerged as a threat to international shipping? The article introduces the factors that influence modern piracy, and explore the causes of it in more general terms. This introduction provides an overview of the scope and dimensions of modern-day piracy. It looks at problems of definition, statistics, location of attacks and main drivers. The article suggests that there is a limited set of geographical clusters that …
Contemporary maritime piracy in Southeast Asia
This paper analyzes the contemporary dynamic of maritime piracy in the Southeast Asian region. Having first discussed the main trends in terms of incidents, type of attack, geographic location, and facilitatory factors, an analysis is made of the main countermeasures that have been initiated in an attempt to control this particular maritime threat. The paper concludes by arguing that there is considerable scope for further improving regional and …
The Davao Consensus: A panacea for the Muslim insurgency in Mindanao
This article examines the process of conflict resolution in the southern Philippines, paying particular attention to the peace agreement that was signed between President Ramos and Nur Misuari, the leader of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), in 1996. Having traced the historical background to the conflict on Mindanao, the article analyses the main features of the 1996 Davao Consensus and examines the reactions that have so far been exhib…
Separatism and Southeast Asia: The Islamic Factor in Southern Thailand, Mindanao, and Aceh
Islamic insurgent movements in southern Thailand, the southern Philippines and Aceh represent, arguably, the most visible signs of armed separatism in Southeast Asia today. The roots of ethnoreligious unrest in each of these regions stem from the same basic factors: insensitivity to local concerns, regional neglect, military repression and the contemporary force of militant Islam. The longevity of the movements that have arisen in southern Thaila…
Political terrorism in South-East Asia
This article will provide an overview of one specific non‐military threat that is beginning to assume greater prominence on south‐east Asia's broadened security agenda: political terrorism.1 Although by no means new to the south‐east Asian environment, for much of the twentieth century its importance was sidelined and, in a sense ‘contained’, by the more pressing concern over US‐Soviet nuclear rivalry. With the end of the Cold War, however, the ‘…
EU counter-terrorism, the Maastricht third pillar and liberal democratic acceptability
The article examines the effectiveness of the Maastricht Third Pillar's internal security provisions with respect to the fight against terrorism. An assessment of EU internal security cooperation is made from a perspective that takes into account questions of both operational anti‐terrorist proficiency and democratic acceptability. Police and security forces throughout the European Union (EU) have strongly endorsed the Third Pillar as providing a…
Southeast Asia and the Golden Triangle's Heroin Trade: Threat and Response
The Golden Triangle of Southeast Asia lies at the heart of the global heroin trade, accounting for roughly 60 percent of all illicit opium production. Narcotics from this part of the world have had an insidious, corrosive, far reaching and, at times, highly destabilizing impact. In particular, they have been linked to an explosion of AIDS, social instability, a lack of economic performance, official corruption and the growing force of organized c…
The international ethics of refugees: A case of internal or external political obligation
A debate is currently taking place in international relations theory between internal/contractual and external/universalist ideas of political and moral obligation. This paper will undertake a policy-oriented analysis of the tension between these two approaches to obligation by examining the contemporary issue of refugees-an area where the tension between the two traditions appears to be especially great. It argues that while states have recognis…
EU counter-terrorism, the Maastricht third pillar and liberal democratic acceptability
The article examines the effectiveness of the Maastricht Third Pillar's internal security provisions with respect to the fight against terrorism. An assessment of EU internal security cooperation is made from a perspective that takes into account questions of both operational anti‐terrorist proficiency and democratic acceptability. Police and security forces throughout the European Union (EU) have strongly endorsed the Third Pillar as providing a…
The liberal democratic response to terrorism
This article examines some of the key principles that should guide a liberal democratic state's response to terrorism, if it responds in a manner which is effective and consistent with its own principles. The author proceeds by examining four areas where the tension between democratic acceptability and effectiveness is seen to be greatest. A model of counter‐terrorism consistent with liberal democratic norms is then proposed
West European Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: The Evolving Dynamic
The book examines the dynamic of West European terrorism and counter-terrorism as it has evolved since the late 1960s. It assesses past, present and future terrorist trends and analyzes the internal s
The Davao Consensus: A panacea for the Muslim insurgency in Mindanao
This article examines the process of conflict resolution in the southern Philippines, paying particular attention to the peace agreement that was signed between President Ramos and Nur Misuari, the leader of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), in 1996. Having traced the historical background to the conflict on Mindanao, the article analyses the main features of the 1996 Davao Consensus and examines the reactions that have so far been exhib…
The Response to Terrorism as a Threat to Liberal Democracy
When dealing with terrorism as a threat to liberal democracy, it is a common assumption that it is the terrorists — who by definition refuse the rules of the liberal democratic “game”— who pose the greatest threat to the underlying principles and freedoms that are enshrined in this form of political life. However, in instances where the state fails to ensure that its response to terrorism is limited, well‐defined and controlled, it is likely that…
Introduction: Threats to Liberal Democracy
Contemporary maritime piracy in Southeast Asia
This paper analyzes the contemporary dynamic of maritime piracy in the Southeast Asian region. Having first discussed the main trends in terms of incidents, type of attack, geographic location, and facilitatory factors, an analysis is made of the main countermeasures that have been initiated in an attempt to control this particular maritime threat. The paper concludes by arguing that there is considerable scope for further improving regional and …
Research note: CSCAP study group on transnational crime
(1998). Research note: CSCAP study group on transnational crime. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism: Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 229-231
The international ethics of refugees: A case of internal or external political obligation
A debate is currently taking place in international relations theory between internal/contractual and external/universalist ideas of political and moral obligation. This paper will undertake a policy-oriented analysis of the tension between these two approaches to obligation by examining the contemporary issue of refugees-an area where the tension between the two traditions appears to be especially great. It argues that while states have recognis…
Political terrorism in South-East Asia
This article will provide an overview of one specific non‐military threat that is beginning to assume greater prominence on south‐east Asia's broadened security agenda: political terrorism.1 Although by no means new to the south‐east Asian environment, for much of the twentieth century its importance was sidelined and, in a sense ‘contained’, by the more pressing concern over US‐Soviet nuclear rivalry. With the end of the Cold War, however, the ‘…
The Evolving Dynamic of Terrorism in the 1990s
Far from being made redundant by the end of the Cold War, terrorism remains the favoured instrument of the extreme and politically disaffected. Indeed in many ways, the practice has become even more complex, multifaceted and lethal. It continues to affect many regions of the world, particularly in the third world, repeatedly demonstrating its ability to undermine the normal course of socio-political interaction. In chronically affected states suc…
Southeast Asia and the Golden Triangle's Heroin Trade: Threat and Response
The Golden Triangle of Southeast Asia lies at the heart of the global heroin trade, accounting for roughly 60 percent of all illicit opium production. Narcotics from this part of the world have had an insidious, corrosive, far reaching and, at times, highly destabilizing impact. In particular, they have been linked to an explosion of AIDS, social instability, a lack of economic performance, official corruption and the growing force of organized c…
Trends in Outside Support for Insurgent Movements
State support or sponsorship of an insurgency as an instrument of foreign policy was common during the Cold War. The United States, the Soviet Union, and a host of regional powers backed their favored proxies, often transforming local quarrels into international contests. The end of the Cold War did not end the use of insurgents, but the dimensions and nature of outside aid and the identity of the providers have changed significantly. Hundreds of…
Indonesia's Transformation and the Stability of Southeast Asia
Indonesia is undergoing a systemic political transition that could lead to a variety of outcomes, from the consolidation of democracy to regression to authoritarianism or disintegration. The stakes are high. With a population of 212 million and a land mass greater than the rest of Southeast Asia combined, vast natural resources, and a strategic location straddling critical sea-lanes of communication and straits, Indonesia is the key to Southeast …
Six Deadly Flaws
Six Deadly Flaws
Separatism and Southeast Asia: The Islamic Factor in Southern Thailand, Mindanao, and Aceh
Islamic insurgent movements in southern Thailand, the southern Philippines and Aceh represent, arguably, the most visible signs of armed separatism in Southeast Asia today. The roots of ethnoreligious unrest in each of these regions stem from the same basic factors: insensitivity to local concerns, regional neglect, military repression and the contemporary force of militant Islam. The longevity of the movements that have arisen in southern Thaila…
Australia and Indonesia: Rebuilding Relations After East Timor
Australia's intervention in East Timor in late 1999 caused a major rupture in the country's relations with Indonesia, which are currently the worst they have been in three decades. Rebuilding a stable partnership with Jakarta remains imperative, given the Republic's proximity to Australia and the key role that the archipelago plays in wider Southeast Asian multilateralism. Achieving this will not be easy, given the absence of the sentimental ball…
Australia and Indonesia: Rebuilding Relations After East Timor
Australian foreign and defense policy in the wake of the 1999/2000 East Timor intervention
Colombia: Fragmented Land, Divided Society
This is a history of the country from pre-Columbian times to the present. It includes an in-depth look at the earliest years in Columbia's history which emphasizes the role geography played in shaping Columbia's economy, society, and politics. The book also includes a thorough discussion of Columbian politics which looks at the ways in which historical memory has affected political choices, particularly in the formation and development of the cou…
Terrorism and Development: Using Social and Economic Development to Inhibit a Resurgence of Terrorism
This report examines the social and economic development policies enacted by three countries — Israel, the Philippines, and the United Kingdom — to inhibit a resurgence of terrorism within their jurisdictions. Drawing on a broad research base, including numerous first-hand interviews, the authors outline the initiatives implemented by each country then assess their effectiveness, with the aim of informing U.S. decisionmakers of the benefits and p…
Non-Military Security in the Wider Middle East
Most studies on Middle East security focus on traditional threats such as military aggression and terrorism. This draft report examines the scope and dimensions of a broadened regional security agenda. It focuses on three specific issues: the opium trade in Central and Southwest Asia; unregulated population movements from the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan and North Africa; and maritime piracy around the Horn of Africa and Arabian Peninsula. Although …
U.S. Strategy in the Muslim World After 9/11
Aptitude for Destruction, Volume 2: Case Studies of Organizational Learning in Five Terrorist Groups
Continuing conflicts between violent groups and states generate an ever-present demand for higher quality and more timely information to support operations to combat terrorism. In particular, better ways are needed to understand how terrorist and insurgent groups adapt over time into more-effective organizations and increasingly dangerous threats. To adapt, terrorist organizations must learn. A group's ability to learn determines its chance of su…
Political science (41 works) · Law (36 works) · Sociology (26 works) · Terrorism (22 works) · Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence (19 works) · Politics (17 works) · Geography (16 works) · Law (16 works) · Computer Science (15 works) · Political economy (13 works)