Andrew E Clark
Biographic Data
| ID | 122365 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Andrew E Clark |
| GIVEN NAMES | Andrew E |
| FAMILY NAME | Clark |
| SIGNATURE | CLARK A E |
| AFFILIATIONS | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7004-7654 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 107 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1435 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 106 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1994 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
The Wider Well-Being Consequences of Own and Others’ Unemployment
Equivalence scales revisited: Evidence from subjective data
I can't forget about U: Lifetime unemployment and retirement wellbeing
It is well known that unemployment leaves scars after re‐employment, but does this scarring effect persist even after retirement? We analyse European data on retirees from the SHARE panel, and show that the wellbeing of the retired continues to reflect the unemployment that they experienced over their working life. These scarring effects are somewhat smaller for older retirees, but larger for those who arguably had higher expectations regarding t…
Unsettled: Job Insecurity Reduces Home-Ownership
In this paper, we evaluate the link between job insecurity and one of the most important decisions that individuals take: homeownership. The 1999 rise in the French Delalande tax on firms that laid off older workers produced an unexpected exogenous rise in job insecurity for younger workers. A difference‐in‐differences analysis of panel data from the European Community Household Panel shows that this greater job insecurity significantly reduced t…
Loneliness during the Covid-19 pandemic: Evidence from five European countries
We use quarterly panel data from the COME-HERE survey covering five European countries to analyse three facets of the experience of loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic. First, in terms of prevalence, loneliness peaked in April 2020, followed by a U-shape pattern in the rest of 2020, and then remained relatively stable throughout 2021 and 2022. We then establish the individual determinants of loneliness and compare them to those found in the l…
Teleworking and life satisfaction during Covid-19: The importance of family structure
Take the Highway? Paved roads and well-being in Africa
Do wages underestimate the inequality in workers' rewards? The joint distribution of job quality and wages across occupations
Information on both wages and job quality is needed in order to understand the occupational dispersion of wellbeing. We analyse subjective wellbeing in a large UK sample to construct a measure of ‘overall reward’, the sum of wages and the value of job quality, in 90 different occupations. If only wages are included, then labour market inequality is underestimated: the dispersion of overall rewards is one‐third larger than the dispersion of wages.…
Taking Back Control? Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Impact of Retirement on Locus of Control
We use Australian panel data to examine the impact of retirement on individual locus of control, a socio-emotional skill with substantial explanatory power for a broad range of life outcomes. Exploiting the eligibility age for the Australian Age Pension, we find that retirement leads to increased internal locus of control. This greater internal control explains around one-third and one-fifth of the positive effects of retirement on health and sub…
Human Capabilities in Economics: Theory and Applications in Health and Labor
Variants of Gender Bias and Sexual-Orientation Discrimination in Career Development
We use a nationally-representative dataset that includes a large sample of sexual-orientation minorities to investigate gender bias and sexual-orientation discrimination in career progression. Our results are consistent with persistent gender bias findings and non-heterosexual identity-based employment discrimination. Our findings are consistent with previous work noting that protective legislation for gay and lesbian sexual identities have incre…
Insecurity on the Labor Market
There is a common feeling that life has become more insecure over time. I here consider this proposition with respect to the labor market. I first discuss how labor‐market insecurity might be measured, and then its potential consequences for individuals. To answer the question of “What Happened,” I then review a number of pieces of evidence regarding developments in the labor market, and perhaps surprisingly find no consistent support for the pro…
Life Satisfaction and the Human Development Index Across the World
We use annual data on over 150 countries between 2005 and 2018 to look at the relationship between subjective well-being (both cognitive and affective) and the Human Development Index (HDI). The HDI appears to be more closely related to cognitive than affective well-being. We also consider the relationships between the three HDI components (the Income, Health, and Education Indices) and well-being, and find that, on average, the Income Index has …
Pioneer in Subjective Quality of Life Research: Andrew E. Clark
Gender, loneliness and happiness during Covid-19
We analyse a measure of loneliness from a representative sample of German individuals interviewed in both 2017 and at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Both men and women felt lonelier during the COVID-19 pandemic than they did in 2017. The pandemic more than doubled the gender loneliness gap: women were lonelier than men in 2017, and the 2017-2020 rise in loneliness was far larger for women. This rise is mirrored in life-satisfacti…
Do individuals adapt to all types of housing transitions
Economic insecurity and political preferences
Economic insecurity has attracted growing attention, but there is no consensus as to its definition. We characterize a class of individual economic-insecurity measures based on the time profile of economic resources. We apply this economic-insecurity measure to political-preference data in the USA, UK, and Germany. Conditional on current economic resources, economic insecurity is associated with both greater political participation (support for a…
Maternal genetic risk for depression and child human capital
We here address the causal relationship between the maternal genetic risk for depression and child human capital using UK birth-cohort data. We find that an increase of one standard deviation (SD) in the maternal polygenic risk score for depression reduces their children's cognitive and non-cognitive skill scores by 5 to 7% of a SD throughout adolescence. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity tests addressing, among others, concerns …
Income-related health inequality in urban China (1991–2015): The role of homeownership and housing conditions
The impact of Covid-19 lockdown stringency on loneliness in five European countries
Understanding the heterogeneity in loneliness is key for the identification of at-risk populations that can be severely affected by extended lockdown measures. As part of public-health crisis-response systems, it is critical to develop support measures for older individuals living alone, as well as promoting continuous remote communication for individuals more likely to experience high levels of loneliness
Demography and well-being
Demography studies the characteristics of populations. One such characteristic is well-being: this was the subject of the 2019 Wittgenstein Conference. Here, I discuss how objective well-being domains can be summarised to produce an overall well-being score, and how taking self-reported (subjective) well-being into account may help in this effort. But given that there is more than one type of subjective well-being score, we would want to know whi…
Pandemic Policy and Life Satisfaction in Europe
We use data from the COME-HERE longitudinal survey collected by the University of Luxembourg to assess the effects of the policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic on life satisfaction in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Sweden over the course of 2020. Policy responses are measured by the Stringency Index and the Economic Support Index from the Blavatnik School of Government. Stringency is systematically associated with lower life satisfaction, …
Well-being and working from home during Covid-19
Purpose The authors track the well-being of individuals across five European countries during the course of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and relate their well-being to working from home. The authors also consider the role of pandemic-policy stringency in affecting well-being in Europe. Design/methodology/approach The authors have four waves of novel harmonised longitudinal data in France, Italy, Germany, Spain and Sweden, cove…
Covid-19 compliance behaviors of older people: The role of cognitive and non-cognitive skills
Compensating for academic loss: Online learning and student performance during the Covid-19 pandemic
Unhappiness and Unemployment
Journal Article Unhappiness and Unemployment Get access Andrew E. Clark, Andrew E. Clark CEREMAP, Paris and Centre for the Study of Micro Social Change, University of Essex We are grateful to Danny Blanchflower, David Greenway, Barry McCormick and Peter Warr for useful discussions. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Andrew J. Oswald Andrew J. Oswald Centre for Economic Performance, LSE Search for other works …
The Origins of Happiness: The Science of Well-Being over the Life Course
Lags and Leads in Life Satisfaction: A Test of the Baseline Hypothesis
We look for evidence of habituation in twenty waves of German panel data: do individuals tend to return to some baseline level of well-being after life and labour market events? Although the strongest life satisfaction effect is often at the time of the event, we find significant lag and lead effects. We cannot reject the hypothesis of complete adaptation to marriage, divorce, widowhood, birth of child and layoff. However, there is little evidenc…
Reexamining adaptation and the set point model of happiness: Reactions to changes in marital status
According to adaptation theory, individuals react to events but quickly adapt back to baseline levels of subjective well-being. To test this idea, the authors used data from a 15-year longitudinal study of over 24.000 individuals to examine the effects of marital transitions on life satisfaction. On average, individuals reacted to events and then adapted back toward baseline levels. However, there were substantial individual differences in this t…
Who Compares to Whom? The Anatomy of Income Comparisons in Europe
This article provides unprecedented direct evidence from large-scale survey data on both the intensity (how much?) and direction (to whom?) of income comparisons. Income comparisons are considered to be at least somewhat important by three-quarters of Europeans. They are associated with both lower levels of subjective well-being and a greater demand for income redistribution. The rich compare less and are happier than average when they do, which …
Scarring: The Psychological Impact of Past Unemployment
This paper considers the psychological impact of past unemployment. Using 11 waves of German panel data, we show that life satisfaction is lower not only for the current unemployed (relative to the employed), but also for those with higher levels of past unemployment. However, the negative wellbeing effect of current unemployment is weaker for those who have been unemployed more often in the past. The panel data also reveal some evidence that tho…
Measuring Well-being Across Europe: Description of the ESS Well-being Module and Preliminary Findings
What Predicts a Successful Life? A Life-Course Model of Well-Being
Policy-makers who care about well-being need a recursive model of how adult life-satisfaction is predicted by childhood influences, acting both directly and (indirectly) through adult circumstances. We estimate such a model using the British Cohort Study (1970). We show that the most powerful childhood predictor of adult life-satisfaction is the child's emotional health, followed by the child's conduct. The least powerful predictor is the child's…
Back to Baseline in Britain: Adaptation in the British Household Panel Survey
We look for evidence of adaptation in wellbeing to major life events using eighteen waves of British panel data. Adaptation to marriage, divorce, birth of child and widowhood appears to be rapid and complete; this is not so for unemployment. These findings are remarkably similar to those in previous work on German panel data. Equally, the time profiles with life satisfaction as the wellbeing measure are very close to those using a twelve‐item sca…
Minor Party and Independent Politics beyond the Mainstream: Fluctuating Fortunes but a Permanent Presence
The three main political parties which dominate British politics, at all levels, face a continuing challenge from smaller political parties and independent candidates. Such alternatives to the main three parties, however, have been a long-standing feature of the political landscape at both national and local levels. Yet, little is known of the way in which smaller parties and independent politicians contribute to politics and government and the i…
Job Satisfaction and Co‐worker Wages: Status or Signal
This paper uses matched employer-employee panel data to show that individual job satisfaction is higher when other workers in the same establishment are better-paid. This runs contrary to a large literature which has found evidence of income comparisons in subjective well-being. We argue that the difference hinges on the nature of the reference group. We here use co-workers. Their wages not only induce jealousy, but also provide a signal about th…
Who Got the Brexit Blues? The Effect of Brexit on Subjective Wellbeing in the UK
We use the 2015–16 waves of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (Understanding Society) to look at subjective wellbeing around the time of the June 2016 EU membership Referendum in the UK (Brexit). We employ measures of both evaluative and affective wellbeing, namely life satisfaction and mental distress, respectively. We find that those reporting lower life satisfaction in 2015 were more likely to express a preference for leaving the EU in 2016,…
Happy People Have Children: Choice and Self-Selection into Parenthood
Heterogeneity in Reported Well‐Being: Evidence from Twelve European Countries
This paper models the relationship between income and reported well-being using latent \nclass techniques applied to panel data from twelve European countries. Introducing both \nintercept and slope heterogeneity into this relationship, we strongly reject the hypothesis that \nindividuals transform income into well-being in the same way. We show that both individual \ncharacteristics and country of residence are strong predictors of the four clas…
The Impact of Terrorism on Individual Well-Being: Evidence from the Boston Marathon Bombing
A growing literature has concluded that terrorism affects the economy, yet less is known about its impact on individual welfare. This article estimates the impact of the 2013 Boston marathon bombing on well-being, exploiting representative daily data from the American Time Use Survey and Well-Being Supplement. Using a combined regression discontinuity and differences-in-differences design, with the 2012 Boston marathon as a counterfactual, we fin…
A happy choice: Wellbeing as the goal of government
In this article, we lay out the basic case for wellbeing as the goal of government. We briefly review the history of this idea, which goes back to the ancient Greeks and was the acknowledged ideal of the Enlightenment. We then discuss possible measures on which a wellbeing orientation could be based, emphasizing the importance of acknowledging the political agency of citizens and thus their own evaluations of their lives. We then turn to practica…
Effort and Comparison Income: Experimental and Survey Evidence
The authors test the hypothesis that individual effort on the job depends both on one's own income and on the individual's position in the relevant income distribution. Combining experimental evidence from a gift-exchange game with multi-country ISSP survey data, they analyze the extent to which relative income affects an individual's effort, finding that an individual's rank in the income distribution more strongly determines effort than does ot…
The impact of Covid-19 lockdown stringency on loneliness in five European countries
Understanding the heterogeneity in loneliness is key for the identification of at-risk populations that can be severely affected by extended lockdown measures. As part of public-health crisis-response systems, it is critical to develop support measures for older individuals living alone, as well as promoting continuous remote communication for individuals more likely to experience high levels of loneliness
The fall in income inequality during Covid-19 in four European countries
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10888-021-09499-2
Children, unhappiness and family finances
Life Satisfaction and the Human Development Index Across the World
We use annual data on over 150 countries between 2005 and 2018 to look at the relationship between subjective well-being (both cognitive and affective) and the Human Development Index (HDI). The HDI appears to be more closely related to cognitive than affective well-being. We also consider the relationships between the three HDI components (the Income, Health, and Education Indices) and well-being, and find that, on average, the Income Index has …
Income-related health inequality in urban China (1991–2015): The role of homeownership and housing conditions
Taking Back Control? Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Impact of Retirement on Locus of Control
We use Australian panel data to examine the impact of retirement on individual locus of control, a socio-emotional skill with substantial explanatory power for a broad range of life outcomes. Exploiting the eligibility age for the Australian Age Pension, we find that retirement leads to increased internal locus of control. This greater internal control explains around one-third and one-fifth of the positive effects of retirement on health and sub…
Teleworking and life satisfaction during Covid-19: The importance of family structure
Take the Highway? Paved roads and well-being in Africa
Unhappiness and Unemployment
Journal Article Unhappiness and Unemployment Get access Andrew E. Clark, Andrew E. Clark CEREMAP, Paris and Centre for the Study of Micro Social Change, University of Essex We are grateful to Danny Blanchflower, David Greenway, Barry McCormick and Peter Warr for useful discussions. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Andrew J. Oswald Andrew J. Oswald Centre for Economic Performance, LSE Search for other works …
L'utilité est-elle relative ? Analyse à l'aide de données sur les ménages
Job Satisfaction in Britain
Little recent empirical work in economics or industrial relations has examined job satisfaction, despite its demonstrated correlation with labour market behaviour such as quits, absenteeism and productivity. This paper uses information from a study of 5000 British employees to investigate the relationship between three measures of job satisfaction and a wide range of individual and job characteristics. Notably, men, workers in their thirties, the…
Is job satisfaction U‐shaped in age?
It is generally believed that job satisfaction increases linearly with age. However, there are persuasive arguments, and some empirical evidence, that the relationship is U‐shaped, declining from a moderate level in the early years of employment and then increasing steadily up to retirement. This paper investigates that relationship, using survey responses from a large sample of British employees. For overall job satisfaction, satisfaction with p…
Satisfaction and comparison income
Job satisfaction and gender: Why are women so happy at work?
Les indicateurs de la satisfaction au travail: Quelles sont les caractéristiques d'un bon emploi ? Observations recueillies dans certains pays de l'Ocde
destinées à l'origine à un usage interne à l'OCDE.En général, ces études ont un caractère collectif, et seuls les auteurs principaux sont cités nommément
Utilité absolue ou utilité relative. Etat des lieux
Le principal postulat de la microéconomie est que l'individu rationnel maximise une fonction d'utilité absolue ; celle-ci, pour la plupart des sociologues et des psychologues, est trop simpliste. Dans cet article, on teste l'idée selon laquelle la fonction qui est maximisée est relative : une partie de l'utilité individuelle provient en effet des comparaisons (aux autres ou au passé). Les mesures de l'utilité, telles que la satisfaction dans le t…
Utilité absolue ou utilité relative: État des lieux
What really matters in a job? Hedonic measurement using quit data
Scarring: The Psychological Impact of Past Unemployment
This paper considers the psychological impact of past unemployment. Using 11 waves of German panel data, we show that life satisfaction is lower not only for the current unemployed (relative to the employed), but also for those with higher levels of past unemployment. However, the negative wellbeing effect of current unemployment is weaker for those who have been unemployed more often in the past. The panel data also reveal some evidence that tho…
A simple statistical method for measuring how life events affect happiness
BACKGROUND: Life events-like illness, marriage, or unemployment-have important effects on people. But there is no accepted way to measure the different sizes of these events upon human happiness and psychological health. By using happiness regression equations, economists have recently developed a method. METHODS: We estimate happiness regressions using large random samples of individuals. The relative coefficients of income and life events on ha…
Unemployment as a Social Norm: Psychological Evidence from Panel Data
This article uses seven waves of panel data to test for social norms in labor market status. The unemployed's well‐being is shown to be strongly positively correlated with reference group unemployment (at the regional, partner, or household level). This result, far stronger for men, is robust to controls for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Panel data also show that those whose well‐being fell the most on entering unemployment are less likely…
Reexamining adaptation and the set point model of happiness: Reactions to changes in marital status
According to adaptation theory, individuals react to events but quickly adapt back to baseline levels of subjective well-being. To test this idea, the authors used data from a 15-year longitudinal study of over 24.000 individuals to examine the effects of marital transitions on life satisfaction. On average, individuals reacted to events and then adapted back toward baseline levels. However, there were substantial individual differences in this t…
Unemployment Alters the Set Point for Life Satisfaction
According to set-point theories of subjective well-being, people react to events but then return to baseline levels of happiness and satisfaction over time. We tested this idea by examining reaction and adaptation to unemployment in a 15-year longitudinal study of more than 24,000 individuals living in Germany. In accordance with set-point theories, individuals reacted strongly to unemployment and then shifted back toward their baseline levels of…
La modelisation collective de l'offre de travail: Mise en perspective et application aux donnees britanniques
This paper estimates a collective model of labour supply on two-earner British couples (bhps [1997]). The results are as follows: ??There is no ??income pooling??. Women?s labour supply depends on which of the partners receives income support. ??Collective restrictions seem to fit better on British than French data. ??The sex ratio, which is the usual distribution factor, does not seem to play a role in the negotiation process. This result leads …
La modélisation collective de l'offre de travail: Mise en perspective et application aux données britanniques
Cet article rappelle l’importance de la modélisation collective du comportement des ménages et effectue une estimation d’un modèle collectif d’offre de travail sur les couples de travailleurs britanniques (bhps [1997]). Les résultats nous conduisent aux conclusions suivantes :– Il n’y a pas mise en commun du revenu exogène (income pooling). La femme ajustera différemment son offre de travail si elle est elle-même bénéficiaire d’un revenu de trans…
Job Security and Job Protection
Your Money or Your Life: Changing Job Quality in OECD Countries
Job quality may usefully be thought of as depending on both job values (how much workers care about different job outcomes) and the job outcomes themselves. Here, both cross-section and panel data are used to examine changes in job quality in OECD countries during the 1990s. Despite rising wages and falling hours of work, overall job satisfaction is either stable or declining. These movements are neither due to changes in the type of workers nor …
Heterogeneity in Reported Well‐Being: Evidence from Twelve European Countries
This paper models the relationship between income and reported well-being using latent \nclass techniques applied to panel data from twelve European countries. Introducing both \nintercept and slope heterogeneity into this relationship, we strongly reject the hypothesis that \nindividuals transform income into well-being in the same way. We show that both individual \ncharacteristics and country of residence are strong predictors of the four clas…
Health Changes and Smoking: An Economic Analysis
This article considers dynamic models of smoking under uncertainty, wherein individuals learn about the associated risks both through experimentation and observation. We use smokers' changes in self-reported health in long-run household panel data as an individualized measure of information about how dangerous smoking is for them. We find that own past health changes while smoking are often positively correlated with current cigarette consumption…
Don’t give up on me baby: Spousal correlation in smoking behaviour
The (unexpected) structure of “rents” on the French and British labour markets
Effort, revenu et rang: Une étude expérimentale
Cet article relate les résultats d’une expérience portant sur l’effet des comparaisons de salaire sur les décisions d’effort. Les individus comparent leur salaire avec ceux des membres de leur groupe de référence et cela affecte leurs décisions. À salaire égal, les individus situés à un rang plus faible dans la hiérarchie des salaires fournissent significativement moins d’effort que les autres. Ils comparent également leur propre situation salari…
Conditions de collecte et santé subjective: Une analyse sur données européennes
Erhebungsbedingungen und Eigenangaben zum Gesundheitszustand: eine Analyse europäischer Daten. Eigenangaben zum Gesundheitszustand "die häufigste Messung der Gesundheit in den Fragebögen "vermitteln ein verzerrtes Abbild des tatsächlichen Gesundheitszustands. Diese Verzerrungen lassen sich aber nur schwer isolieren und bewerten. Inwiefern hängen insbesondere die erhaltenen Informationen von den Erhebungsbedingungen ab, die je nach Land und Erhebu…
Economics (79 works) · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction (69 works) · Psychology (68 works) · Demographic economics (57 works) · Social Psychology (54 works) · Political science (39 works) · Employment and Welfare Studies (38 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (36 works) · Sociology (31 works) · Medicine (29 works)