Haskel J Greenfield
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 122554 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Haskel J Greenfield |
| PRENOMES | Haskel J |
| SOBRENOME | Greenfield |
| ASSINATURA | GREENFIELD H J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Manitoba |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6703-932X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 77 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 588 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 76 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1980 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
Sliced meat
Technological change is often reconstructed from surviving tools, yet metal artefacts are particularly susceptible to curation, recycling and selective deposition. Microscopic marks on animal bone provide an independent record of the implements used in carcass processing. This study examines Early Dynastic III faunal remains from House 6H at Abu Salabikh, Iraq, including an affluent household, lane deposits and associated intramural burial contex…
A Longue Durée Perspective of Household Sustainability in the Early Bronze Age Southern Levant
Among early urban societies of the southern Levant, the nature of commodity usage and house organization is relatively underexplored. Recent excavations at Tell eṣ-Ṣa^fi/Gath, Israel, have uncovered a large Early Bronze Age settlement with a domestic neighborhood containing multiple successive phases of occupation. These phases have yielded a combined groundstone assemblage with objects of a variety of types, lithologies, and conditions. We repor…
Mea culpa
The advent of hard tin-bronze metallurgy significantly changed the way in which metals are used during the Bronze Age from primarily display/prestige to quotidian/utilitarian technologies. Yet, it is difficult to quantify the rate and nature of change. Most researchers studying early metallurgy primarily confine themselves to the study of either the few preserved metal objects and/or the decline of stone tools. However, relatively few metal tools…
Understanding Alleyways of the Early Bronze Age Southern Levant
Public passageways enable people, animals and goods to navigate a built environment, allowing access to residences, shops and public buildings, and also demarcate the spheres of society: economic versus social, sacred versus profane and public versus private. Passageways also mark the arrangement of neighborhoods and typically reflect a purposeful organization for settlements. This paper explores the nature of passageways at early urban settlemen…
Butchering technology and metal adoption in the Bronze Age southern Levant
Recent zooarchaeological research suggests that the transition from stone to metal butchering tools in the southern Levant occurred during or after the Middle Bronze Age and was accompanied by changes in butchering practices. However, few large and well-dated zooarchaeological assemblages that span the Bronze Ages have been systematically analyzed, limiting our understanding of when and how this technological transition occurred. This study inves…
The Butchered Animal Bone Remains from Ashqelon, Afridar—Area G
Most of the butchered remains derive from archaeological contexts.Six of the bones came from clearly identifiable Initial EB I deposits, while 15 came from the indeterminate EB I and/or Chalcolithic deposits.An additional five came from deposits with a modern component (Tables 1,2).The excavators feel, nonetheless, that most of the remains included in this study were from EB I deposits, some of which were disturbed but not mixed with Chalcolithic…
Ceramic Platters at Early Bronze Age Tell es-Sâfi/Gath
Recent ceramic studies in Early Bronze Age Levantine archaeology emphasize the need to update and expand the interpretative potentials of ceramic datasets by taking a multiscalar chaîne opératoire approach. In this article, we focus on the platters from the excavations at Tell eṣ-Ṣâfi/Gath in the southern Levant. The results of thin-section petrography are integrated with inspection of surface features and an alternative imaging technique for ide…
Dog Consumption at Tell Zirāʿa
It has been argued that the increase in the consumption of dogs in the southern Levant during the Iron Age was due to the advent of the Philistines/“Sea Peoples” into the region. In this study, we test this proposal through the presentation of new information on dog consumption and its depositional context in Bronze and Iron Age strata from the archaeological site of Tell Zirāʿa (Jordan), and we compare the results to other sites in the region. O…
Butchering Patterns and Technology in a Chalcolithic Settlement
Furnaces, hearths, rituals, and construction
Ndondondwane, an Early Iron Age settlement situated on the banks of the Thukela River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, provides a unique record of a single, short-term occupation (c. 1300 to 1200 years ago). Several areas associated with different activities had been previously excavated and analysed, yielding various scenarios for the cultural and social organisation of the settlement. Three phases of occupation or cultural horizons have been ident…
Age and sex determination of fingerprints on ceramic objects from the Late Bronze Age Palace at Tel Beth-Shemesh, Israel
Who made figurines for ritual feasting in the Late Bronze Age (LBA) palace at Tel Beth-Shemesh? This article attempts to answer this question by determining the age and sex of fingerprints on five zoomorphic figurines and a lamp from a unique room in the LBA IB–IIA palace that contains an assemblage normally associated with feasting. The age and sex determinations of 59 preserved epidermal print impressions, based upon the analysis of ridge bread…
Macroscopic Chop Mark Identification on Archaeological Bone
This paper presents a new macroscopic method for identifying chop marks on archaeological faunal assemblages and highlights the major differences in the morphology of chop marks created by stone and metal axes. The method provides macroscopic criteria that aid in the identification of both complete and incomplete chop mark types as well as the raw material of the axe. Experiments with modern stone (chipped and ground) and metal (copper and bronze…
Daily life and cultural appropriation in Early Bronze Age Canaan
Discussions on daily life in Early Bronze Age society in the southern Levant often focus on subsistence or ritual phenomena, while aspects relating to entertainment and leisure are rarely discussed. This paper presents evidence for gaming behaviour, in the form of game boards and game pieces, that were recovered in the excavations of the Early Bronze Age (early to mid-3rd millennium bce) residential neighbourhood at Tell eṣ-Ṣâfi/Gath, Israel. All…
Filling the gap
The Early Bronze Age (3500–2000 bce) of the southern Levant experienced the development of bronze metal technology, but the rate and nature of its dissemination beyond the elite are unclear. In the southern Levant and elsewhere, based upon the microscopic analysis of butchering marks, it has been proposed that bronze slicing tools only begin to be used in quantities in the Middle Bronze. However, previous analyses have always lacked data sets fro…
Agricultural subsistence, land use and long-distance mobility within the Early Bronze Age southern Levant
Evaluating manufacture marks on ground stone objects as a new proxy for the spread of metal technology in the southern Levant
Size doesn’t matter
Systematic archaeological excavations at the multicultural site of Foeni-S?la? in the Romanian Banat conducted during the first half of the 1990s uncovered evidence that the site was inhabited during the Early Neolithic, Copper, Bronze, Early Iron, Late Antique and Medieval Ages. This paper summarises the cultural history of the settlement at the site and describes the relevant deposits and material culture in each period
The Emergence and Transmission of Metallurgical Technology for Subsistence Activities in Daily Life in Northern Europe
The origin of metallurgy is usually monitored via the appearance and frequency of various types of metal items. Quantifying the distribution of metal versus stone tool types over time and space can provide insight into the processes underlying the introduction and diffusion of a functional metallurgical technology for subsistence activities, but is a very limited approach. By quantifying the relative frequency of metal versus stone tool slicing c…
Insufficient evidence for metal butchering marks at Tell el-Hesi during the Early Bronze Age
This is a commentary on a recent article published in PEQ (‘Cultural Modification Analyses on Faunal Remains in Relation to Space Use and Direct Provisioning from Field VI EBIIIA Tell el-Hesi’ by Kara Larson, James W. Hardin, and Sara Cody, PEQ volume 152, number 4). It shows how the authors came to an incorrect conclusion through the inappropriate application of an established method of analysis
Constraint, complexity and consumption
Defining activity areas in the Early Neolithic (Starčevo-Criş) of southeastern Europe
The Identity of Potters in Early States
Retention of old technologies following the end of the Neolithic
Microscopic analysis of butchering marks on bones from Neolithic to Hellenistic deposits at Çatalhöyük, Turkey, are employed as a proxy measure for identifying the rate and nature of adoption of metallurgy for quotidian activities. During the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods, only stone tools were being used for butchering. In the post-Neolithic strata, however, chipped stone tools continue to dominate the assemblage. This stands in contrast to…
A scanning method for the identification of pottery forming techniques at the mesoscopic scale
Puppy Sacrifice and Cynophagy from Early Philistine Tel Miqne-Ekron Contextualized
The discovery of a sacrificed puppy at Tel Miqne-Ekron, a major Philistine settlement in Israel's southern coastal plain, highlights the role of dogs in Iron I Philistia. Though dog sacrifice is described in Hittite religious texts and attested in lands bordering the Aegean during the second–first millennia BCE, evidence for this practice, or even of dog bones, is largely absent from Late Bronze and non-Philistine Iron I (ca. 1550–1000 BCE) Levan…
The Secondary Products Revolution
Andrew Sherratt's (Citation1981) model of the Secondary Products Revolution explored the effects of changes in the scale and nature of domestic animal exploitation on Old World societies. He proposed that the earliest domestic stock animals in the Near East (sheep, goat and cattle) were initially domesticated during the Neolithic for their primary products (meat, hide and bone), but that their more intensive exploitation for secondary animal prod…
The Origins of Metallurgy
Slicing Cut Marks on Animal Bones
Butchering implements leave identifying signatures on bones. From these signatures, it is possible to distinguish the different raw materials and types of chipped stone butchering tools. The results of recent experiments enable us to distinguish the different types of raw materials and tools used in the butchering process, in particular those implements that produce slicing cut marks. Three types of chipped stone tools (blades,flakes, and side sc…
The Origins of Milk and Wool Production in the Old World
Absolute age and tooth eruption and wear sequences in sheep and goat
The Early Bronze Age Remains at Tell eṣ-Ṣāfi/Gath
Several Early Bronze Age levels have been exposed at Tell eṣ-Ṣāfi/Gath since 2004. This report describes the results of the excavation of the EB III domestic neighbourhood on the eastern part of the site, in Area E. Its layout was common to other Early Bronze urban centres, including small, multiroom houses with a courtyard, and in a few cases also a small storage room. Occupants had access to local and long distance trade and exotic goods, used …
Estimating the Age- and Season-of-Death for Wild Equids
In this paper, various techniques for determining the age- and season-of-death of wild horse specimens are systematically compared using a sample derived from the Neolithic site of Bad Buchau-Dullenried, Germany. Tooth eruption and wear, crown height, manual optical analysis of dental cementum, line histogram analysis of dental cementum, and a new automated digital technique for analysing dental cementum are employed. Each tooth was measured, thi…
New evidence for Late Pleistocene human exploitation of Jefferson's Ground Sloth (Megalonyx jeffersonii) from northern Ohio, USA
The nature and extent of early human exploitation of late Pleistocene mega-mammals of North America have been vigorously debated; however, direct evidence of predation has been established for a small number of taxa. Until now, evidence of butchering and human utilization of ground sloths has been limited to South America. Osteological and taphonomic analyses of one curated collection of Jefferson's Ground Sloth (Megalonyx jeffersonii) from north…
The Origins of Metallurgy in the Central Balkans based on the Analysis of Cut Marks on Animal Bones
This paper presents the results of new research that makes it possible to monitor the origins and spread of metallurgy despite the absence of metal artifacts. This was accomplished by comparison of the results of experimental cut marks with cut marks on bones from prehistoric sites spanning the introduction of metal tools in the central Balkans. Experimental replication of cut marks using chipped stone tools and steel knives yielded consistent di…
Go(a)t milk?’ New perspectives on the zooarchaeological evidence for the earliest intensification of dairying in south eastern Europe
The origins of secondary product exploitation for domestic livestock, in particular milking, is a long-standing debate in archaeology. This paper re-analyses zooarchaeological age-at-death data from the central Balkans of south eastern Europe to demonstrate that the earliest intensive milking in this region probably occurred through the exploitation of goats, and not cattle or sheep, and that they were exploited in this manner from the beginning …
Gaining traction on cattle exploitation
The effects of burrowing activity on archaeological sites
Burrowing activity is a widely recognized source of site modification. Most taphonomic studies of burrowers emphasize their destructive aspects on the archaeological record. Excavations at Ndondondwane, South Africa, suggest burrowing activity is destructive in some ways, but may also preserve cultural behavior. Drawing on both direct and indirect sources of evidence, we discuss how burrowing activity by rodents, earthworms, and termites can info…
On the Origins of Milk and Wool Production in the Old World
Where are the gardens? Early Iron Age horticulture in the Thukela River Basin of South Africa
Despite substantial botanical evidence for the kinds of plants and cereals cultivated by early farming communities in southern Africa during the first millennium ad, there remains a poor understanding of where gardens would have been located. Data from archaeological sites in the Thukela Basin of South Africa (e.g. Ndondondwane) are presented in support of the hypothesis that many small plots of vegetables, cucurbits and cereals were planted with…
Spatial patterning of Early Iron Age metal production at Ndondondwane, South Africa
Provisioning the Early Bronze Age City of Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel
It is often assumed that domestic animals in early urban Near Eastern centres either are a reflection of the local pastoral economy, or were raised at a distance by pastoral specialists. In this paper, we test these assumptions through detailed isotopic analyses (carbon, oxygen and strontium) of caprines (sheep and goat) from Tell es-Safi/Gath, an Early Bronze Age urban centre in central Israel. The isotopic analyses demonstrate that the bulk of …
Early Bronze Age Pottery Covered with Lime-Plaster
With the emergence of urban culture in the southern Levant in the Early Bronze Age, new types of pottery and ceramic techniques appeared, among them pottery (usually combed) coated with a white material. A selection of sherds from Early Bronze strata was studied in an attempt to analyze this material. Using microscopy and various other methods, the authors were able to determine that the white material was a lime-plaster applied to the vessels af…
Domestic cattle mobility in early farming villages in southern Africa
Intra-settlement social and economic organization of Ear4 Iron Age farming communities in southern Afiica
(2003). Intra-settlement social and economic organization of Ear4 Iron Age farming communities in southern Afiica: a viewfiom Ndondondwane. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa: Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 121-137
The Identity of Potters in Early States
Steppe’ mammoth (Mammuthus trogontherii) remains in their geological and cultural context from Bełchatów (Poland)
The Fall of the House of Flint”
In recent years, it has been recognized that chipped stone tools continue to be used after the end of the Neolithic in spite of the introduction of metallurgy. However, the rate of change from a lithic to metal-based economy is affected by the type of tool and its various functions. Traditionally, this change is monitored through the frequencies and presence/absence of the various lithic tool types. These data are often negatively affected by the…
Special Studies
This article presents the results of recent ethnoarchaeological research concerned with the destructive effects of domestic pigs upon bone assemblages. Bones of cattle, pigs, and sheep were fed to domestic pigs in a modern Serbian village. Over 90% of the sheep and pig bones, but less than 10% of the cattle bones were consumed by the pigs. Pigs prefer the bones of smaller species and bones or bone parts that have a higher content of soft cancello…
Provenance and exchange of basalt grinding stones of EB III Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel
Faience beads from Early Bronze Age contexts at Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel
Archaeological Survey in the Lower Morava Valley, Yugoslavia
More on Social Stratification in Bronze Age Europe
The Paleoeconomy of the Central Balkans (Serbia), Parts i and ii: A Zooarchaeological Perspective on the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age, (ca. 4500-1000 B.C.)
Special Studies
This article presents the results of recent ethnoarchaeological research concerned with the destructive effects of domestic pigs upon bone assemblages. Bones of cattle, pigs, and sheep were fed to domestic pigs in a modern Serbian village. Over 90% of the sheep and pig bones, but less than 10% of the cattle bones were consumed by the pigs. Pigs prefer the bones of smaller species and bones or bone parts that have a higher content of soft cancello…
News and Short Contributions
The Origins of Milk and Wool Production in the Old World
On the Origins of Milk and Wool Production in the Old World
On Greenfield's Balkans Archaeozoology
Fauna from the Late Neolithic of the Central Balkans
The earliest "proto-urban" societies in Europe north of the Aegean appear in the central Balkans during the Late Neolithic and, as a result, are frequently included in discussions of the evolution of complex societies in Europe. Although such discussions often consider subsistence, little zooarchaeological research has been undertaken in the central Balkans. This study has two goals. First, it introduces and reviews the nature, quality, and probl…
The Origins of Metallurgy
Integrating surface and subsurface reconnaissance data in the study of stratigraphically complex sites
This article demonstrates the application of multiple reconnaissance methods as an efficient means of localizing desired data sets (e.g., artifact concentrations and architectural features) in stratigraphically complex sites. Excavations at Blagotin, Serbia, are presented as an example. Blagotin is a multioccupation site with vertically superimposed and laterally displaced cultural deposits. The application of a battery of survey techniques and t…
The Origins of Metallurgy in the Central Balkans based on the Analysis of Cut Marks on Animal Bones
This paper presents the results of new research that makes it possible to monitor the origins and spread of metallurgy despite the absence of metal artifacts. This was accomplished by comparison of the results of experimental cut marks with cut marks on bones from prehistoric sites spanning the introduction of metal tools in the central Balkans. Experimental replication of cut marks using chipped stone tools and steel knives yielded consistent di…
Integrating surface and subsurface reconnaissance data in the study of stratigraphically complex sites
This article demonstrates the application of multiple reconnaissance methods as an efficient means of localizing desired data sets (e.g., artifact concentrations and architectural features) in stratigraphically complex sites. Excavations at Blagotin, Serbia, are presented as an example. Blagotin is a multioccupation site with vertically superimposed and laterally displaced cultural deposits. The application of a battery of survey techniques and t…
Intra-settlement social and economic organization of Ear4 Iron Age farming communities in southern Afiica
(2003). Intra-settlement social and economic organization of Ear4 Iron Age farming communities in southern Afiica: a viewfiom Ndondondwane. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa: Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 121-137
Spatial patterning of Early Iron Age metal production at Ndondondwane, South Africa
Spatial patterning of Early Iron Age metal production at Ndondondwane, South Africa
The effects of burrowing activity on archaeological sites
Burrowing activity is a widely recognized source of site modification. Most taphonomic studies of burrowers emphasize their destructive aspects on the archaeological record. Excavations at Ndondondwane, South Africa, suggest burrowing activity is destructive in some ways, but may also preserve cultural behavior. Drawing on both direct and indirect sources of evidence, we discuss how burrowing activity by rodents, earthworms, and termites can info…
Zepterträger
Where are the gardens? Early Iron Age horticulture in the Thukela River Basin of South Africa
Despite substantial botanical evidence for the kinds of plants and cereals cultivated by early farming communities in southern Africa during the first millennium ad, there remains a poor understanding of where gardens would have been located. Data from archaeological sites in the Thukela Basin of South Africa (e.g. Ndondondwane) are presented in support of the hypothesis that many small plots of vegetables, cucurbits and cereals were planted with…
The Intrasettlement Spatial Structure of Early Neolithic Settlements in Temperate Southeastern Europe
The Intrasettlement Spatial Structure of Early Neolithic Settlements in Temperate Southeastern Europe: A view from Blagotin, Serbia was published in Space and Spatial Analysis in Archaeology on page 69
The Butchered Animal Bones from Newe Yam, a Submerged Pottery Neolithic Site off The Carmel Coast
HASKEL J. GREENFIELD, EHUD GALILI, LIORA KOLSKA HORWITZ, הסקל גרינפילד, אהוד גלילי, ליאורה קולסקה הורוביץ, עצמות בעלי החיים הטבוחים מנווה ים, אתר ניאולית קרמי מכוסה מים בחוף הכרמל / The Butchered Animal Bones from Newe Yam, a Submerged Pottery Neolithic Site off the Carmel Coast, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך ל"ו (תשס"ו, 2006), pp. 173-200
Test Excavations at Rogem Be'erotayim in Western Negev
BENJAMIN SAIDEL, TALI ERICKSON-GINI, JACOB VARDI, STEVEN A. ROSEN, EDWARD MAHER, HASKEL GREENFIELD, בנג'מין סיידל, טלי אריקסון-גיני, יעקב ורדי, סטיב רוזן, אדוארד מהר, הסקל גרינפילד, החפירות ברוג'ם בארותיים במערב הנגב / Test Excavations at Rogem Be'erotayim in Western Negev, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך ל"ו (תשס"ו, 2006), pp. 201-229
On the nature of daga houses, kraals, metallurgy and intra-settlement spatial organization of EIA settlements in southern Africa
(2006). On the nature of daga houses, kraals, metallurgy and intra-settlement spatial organization of EIA settlements in southern Africa: a response to Whitelaw. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa: Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 167-180
Slicing Cut Marks on Animal Bones
Butchering implements leave identifying signatures on bones. From these signatures, it is possible to distinguish the different raw materials and types of chipped stone butchering tools. The results of recent experiments enable us to distinguish the different types of raw materials and tools used in the butchering process, in particular those implements that produce slicing cut marks. Three types of chipped stone tools (blades,flakes, and side sc…
Absolute age and tooth eruption and wear sequences in sheep and goat
Archaeology (66 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (61 obras) · Geography (55 obras) · Bronze Age (39 obras) · History (31 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (23 obras) · Bronze (22 obras) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (22 obras) · Biology (20 obras) · Ancient history (19 obras)