Andrea Schneiker
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1225541 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Andrea Schneiker |
| PRENOMES | Andrea |
| SOBRENOME | Schneiker |
| ASSINATURA | SCHNEIKER A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Siegen |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7369-0063 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 34 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 200 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 34 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2012 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Analyzing Twitter
Twitter has become a central site for communication that is relevant to foreign policy analysis. Yet, analyzing Twitter poses some challenges. While relevant data sets are generally very huge and therefore require some automated quantitative analysis, Twitter data is very heterogeneous and has some particularities that render such automated analysis difficult. In this chapter, I will discuss the merits of using sentiment analysis to study tweets.…
Humanitarian aid NGOs’ accountability towards large donors
Directorate-general ECHO of the European Commission is one of the largest humanitarian aid donors globally. Projects which it funds are often implemented by its NGO partners. This article studies how ECHO’s system for assessing such projects’ final results works and to what extent it provides useful information to the donor. Theoretically, it seems likely that evaluative data produced in this context is of little value, given the financial intere…
What does gender got to do with it? PMSCs and privatization of security revisited
While war and the military have been recognized as being gendered sites, Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) are only rarely studied through a gender lens. Compared to functional, political-instrumental or ideational explanations with respect to the privatization of security, such a lens captures, however, the micro-dynamic and political processes of PMSCs’ boom. We show that gender is, first, constitutive of companies’ corporate iden…
Public or private? Blurring the lines through YouTube recruitment of military veterans by private security companies
Private security companies (PSCs) blur the lines between the public and the private sector through the provision of services to state militaries. Based on a multi-modal qualitative content analysis of YouTube recruitment videos aimed at veterans, we show how PSCs also challenge these boundaries through their hiring practices. By relating to veterans’ past as hero warriors and by envisioning their future as corporate soldiers, the companies appear…
NGOs – die besseren Unternehmen oder business as usual
Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NGOs), so der Befund aus Wissenschaft und Praxis, übernehmen immer häufiger Praktiken und Strukturen von Wirtschaftsunternehmen. In diesem Kontext ist oftmals von einer „Kommerzialisierung“ von NGOs die Rede, die in unterschiedlichen politikwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen erforscht wird. Die Dritte-Sektor-Forschung, die Protest- und Bewegungsforschung, die Forschung zu NGOs in den Internationalen Beziehungen befassen…
The UN and women's marginalization in peace negotiations
Although UN Security Council Resolution 1325 calls for increased participation of women in all stages of a peace process, the number of women who participate in formal peace negotiations is still very limited. In order to augment their number, UN Women and other international organizations have published a series of policy reports in which they argue that women's participation increases the success of peace negotiations and leads to more inclusiv…
Norm Sabotage
This article is concerned with conceptualizing those actors who seek to undo the collective normative standard that has already been achieved. I call these actors norm saboteurs. Unlike norm entrepreneurs, who promote a new norm, or norm antipreneurs, who resist a new norm, saboteurs seek to obstruct the implementation of an already accepted norm. They not only oppose a norm, but also seek to prevent others from maintaining the normative status q…
Linking pins as drivers of interagency cooperation
Scholars in the field of International Relations increasingly pay attention to interorganizational cooperation. Currently we know, however, more about why international organizations cooperate with one another and have only a rudimentary understanding of the ways in which this cooperation is established. To shed light on this ‘blind spot’ in the literature, we draw on the linking pin concept, which originated in organizational studies and has mor…
Forum
Scholars of international relations frequently explore how states normalize the use of military force through processes of militarization, yet few have analyzed how new information and communication technologies impact on these processes. The essays in this forum address this gap, and consider the political significance of new technologies, new actors, and new practices that shape “Militarization 2.0” and normalize political violence in the digit…
Populist Leadership
The current debate on populism is mainly concerned with populist parties and movements. Less is written about populist leadership. Yet, political scientists need to pay more attention to populist leadership, especially in order to understand how populism functions in the absence of a populist party. In situations in which a political leader adopts a populist way of exercising political power without the backing of what is considered a populist pa…
Why trust you? Security cooperation within humanitarian NGO networks
Although the literature is increasingly concerned with cooperation among humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs), we still lack studies that explain cooperation under conditions of competition. Drawing on 22 semi-structured interviews, this article argues that trust is the driving force behind security-related cooperation within networks of humanitarian NGOs. Which type of trust comes into play and how trust is built depends on the str…
Explaining variation in the implementation of global norms
Why do regional security organizations choose different approaches to implementing global gender norms? To address this question, we examine how the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the European Union (EU) integrated requirements derived from UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (UNSCR 1325) on women, peace and security into their security policies. We identify differences in scope and dynamics between the change pro…
Telling the Story of the Superhero and the Anti-Politician as President
Given his extensive use of Twitter, the ways in which Donald Trump uses this platform are subject to a number of scholarly analyses. These generally attribute the success of Trump’s tweets to the ways in which he uses the features Twitter offers. Adopting a perspective of political marketing, I regard Donald Trump as a political product that is marketed through political branding. Drawing on the literature on celebrity politicians and based on a …
Hiding in plain sight
Private military and security companies (PMSCs) have an image problem. They are frequently called ‘mercenaries’ or ‘dogs of war’, due to recurring scandals involving some of these companies, such as human rights violations, fraud and waste. Scholars have analysed the strategies that PMSCs use to distance themselves from such negative labels and to boost their image by studying the companies’ websites and advertisements. What is missing so far, ho…
How to Analyze Social Media? Assessing the Promise of Mixed-Methods Designs for Studying the Twitter Feeds of PMSCs
Social scientists and international relations scholars are increasingly analyzing data collected from Twitter or Facebook to examine political processes in which social media are used. The sheer amount of web 2.0 data and its heterogeneity (including text, photos, and videos), however, pose challenges which analysts frequently seek to overcome through a mixed method approach relying on both quantitative and qualitative methods. This article discu…
The New Defenders of Human Rights? How Radical Right-Wing TNGOs are Using the Human Rights Discourse to Promote their Ideas
Generation Identity (GI) is at the centre of right-wing politics across Europe. Yet, it does not present itself as a right-wing organisation. In contrast, GI seeks to move from the margins into the centre of civil society. Based on the literature on transnational NGOs' action repertoires and by situating the discourse of GI with respect to a traditional human rights TNGO, Amnesty International, my qualitative content analysis of the frames of bot…
Twittering for talent
Private military and security companies (PMSCs) play an increasingly important role in the provision of security-related services. In their attempts to win new clients and find suitable personnel, they take on different identities by presenting themselves as conventional businesses, military actors, and humanitarians. In this article, we examine how PMSCs deploy these identities when they recruit new personnel through social media. Our computer-a…
Private Security and Identity Politics
Sicherheit in den Internationalen Beziehungen
Humanitarian NGOs as Businesses and Managers
Humanitarian nonprofit nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) today exhibit signs of “marketization” and behave like firms, according to a frequently uttered claim in the scholarly literature. However, it is not precisely clear what marketization and behaving like a firm mean. Drawing on the literature concerning nonprofit organizations and public administration, we offer a more sophisticated and multifaceted understanding of a consequential develo…
NGOs as Norm Takers
Not-for-profit non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are often considered norm entrepreneurs, or norm carriers, that contribute to the spread of norms such as those prohibiting torture or violence against women—for example, in the context of transnational advocacy networks (TANs). However, their role as norm takers is rarely studied even though it deserves attention. Whether NGOs implement norms—either by carrying out related projects themselves …
Revisiting Global Governance in Multistakeholder Initiatives
Multistakeholder initiatives that bring together actors from the state, the business sector \nand society to formulate, implement and/or monitor rules governing different policy fields \nhave assumed a prominent role in global governance since the 1980s. In the governance \nliterature, it is generally assumed that the actors from the three sectors have diverse interests, \nbut contribute different resources. This should allow to address transnati…
External networks and institutional idiosyncrasies
In 2008, the Council of the European Union (EU) adopted a ‘Comprehensive Approach’ that outlines a strategy for securing gender mainstreaming; two years later, the Council introduced a set of indicators to assess its implementation. The EU was responding to the United Nations Security Council’s call for regional institutions to assist in implementing Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325, adopted on 31 October 2000, concerning ‘women, peace an…
Researching Non-State Actors in International Security
Sicherheit in Den Internationalen Beziehungen
New Humanitarians? Frame Appropriation through Private Military and Security Companies
Although private military and security companies (PMSCs) are gaining increasing importance, they still suffer from an image problem. In the media, they are frequently referred to as ‘mercenaries’ or ‘dogs of war’. PMSCs are therefore interested in presenting themselves as legitimate and acceptable contract parties. Based on a discourse analysis of the homepages of select PMSCs and the industry association International Stability Operations Associ…
Populist Leadership
The current debate on populism is mainly concerned with populist parties and movements. Less is written about populist leadership. Yet, political scientists need to pay more attention to populist leadership, especially in order to understand how populism functions in the absence of a populist party. In situations in which a political leader adopts a populist way of exercising political power without the backing of what is considered a populist pa…
Of ‘true professionals’ and ‘ethical hero warriors’
Private military and security companies (PMSCs) have gained increasingly in importance over the course of the past two decades. Yet, given the intransparency of the industry and the heterogeneity of the companies that comprise it, we thus far know little about the actors involved. In this article, we offer preliminary insights into the self-representation of PMSCs, based on a gender-discourse analysis of the homepages of select companies and thei…
Telling the Story of the Superhero and the Anti-Politician as President
Given his extensive use of Twitter, the ways in which Donald Trump uses this platform are subject to a number of scholarly analyses. These generally attribute the success of Trump’s tweets to the ways in which he uses the features Twitter offers. Adopting a perspective of political marketing, I regard Donald Trump as a political product that is marketed through political branding. Drawing on the literature on celebrity politicians and based on a …
Changing discourses, changing practices? Gender mainstreaming and security
The New Defenders of Human Rights? How Radical Right-Wing TNGOs are Using the Human Rights Discourse to Promote their Ideas
Generation Identity (GI) is at the centre of right-wing politics across Europe. Yet, it does not present itself as a right-wing organisation. In contrast, GI seeks to move from the margins into the centre of civil society. Based on the literature on transnational NGOs' action repertoires and by situating the discourse of GI with respect to a traditional human rights TNGO, Amnesty International, my qualitative content analysis of the frames of bot…
All for one and one in all
n Contains fulltext :\n 179278pub.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)\n
Forum
Scholars of international relations frequently explore how states normalize the use of military force through processes of militarization, yet few have analyzed how new information and communication technologies impact on these processes. The essays in this forum address this gap, and consider the political significance of new technologies, new actors, and new practices that shape “Militarization 2.0” and normalize political violence in the digit…
Explaining variation in the implementation of global norms
Why do regional security organizations choose different approaches to implementing global gender norms? To address this question, we examine how the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the European Union (EU) integrated requirements derived from UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (UNSCR 1325) on women, peace and security into their security policies. We identify differences in scope and dynamics between the change pro…
Twittering for talent
Private military and security companies (PMSCs) play an increasingly important role in the provision of security-related services. In their attempts to win new clients and find suitable personnel, they take on different identities by presenting themselves as conventional businesses, military actors, and humanitarians. In this article, we examine how PMSCs deploy these identities when they recruit new personnel through social media. Our computer-a…
Humanitarian NGOs as Businesses and Managers
Humanitarian nonprofit nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) today exhibit signs of “marketization” and behave like firms, according to a frequently uttered claim in the scholarly literature. However, it is not precisely clear what marketization and behaving like a firm mean. Drawing on the literature concerning nonprofit organizations and public administration, we offer a more sophisticated and multifaceted understanding of a consequential develo…
Norm Sabotage
This article is concerned with conceptualizing those actors who seek to undo the collective normative standard that has already been achieved. I call these actors norm saboteurs. Unlike norm entrepreneurs, who promote a new norm, or norm antipreneurs, who resist a new norm, saboteurs seek to obstruct the implementation of an already accepted norm. They not only oppose a norm, but also seek to prevent others from maintaining the normative status q…
NGOs and the price of governance
n Contains fulltext :\n 193978pub.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)\n
The vulnerable do-gooders
Humanitarian and development agencies have confronted growing insecurity in some of the regions in which they work over the course of the past decade. Consequently, aid agencies are changing their approach to security issues. Compared to aid agencies from other countries, especially the United Kingdom and the United States, German aid agencies have been relatively slow to adopt security measures. In addition, the security measures they have selec…
Public or private? Blurring the lines through YouTube recruitment of military veterans by private security companies
Private security companies (PSCs) blur the lines between the public and the private sector through the provision of services to state militaries. Based on a multi-modal qualitative content analysis of YouTube recruitment videos aimed at veterans, we show how PSCs also challenge these boundaries through their hiring practices. By relating to veterans’ past as hero warriors and by envisioning their future as corporate soldiers, the companies appear…
The UN and women's marginalization in peace negotiations
Although UN Security Council Resolution 1325 calls for increased participation of women in all stages of a peace process, the number of women who participate in formal peace negotiations is still very limited. In order to augment their number, UN Women and other international organizations have published a series of policy reports in which they argue that women's participation increases the success of peace negotiations and leads to more inclusiv…
Linking pins as drivers of interagency cooperation
Scholars in the field of International Relations increasingly pay attention to interorganizational cooperation. Currently we know, however, more about why international organizations cooperate with one another and have only a rudimentary understanding of the ways in which this cooperation is established. To shed light on this ‘blind spot’ in the literature, we draw on the linking pin concept, which originated in organizational studies and has mor…
Why trust you? Security cooperation within humanitarian NGO networks
Although the literature is increasingly concerned with cooperation among humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs), we still lack studies that explain cooperation under conditions of competition. Drawing on 22 semi-structured interviews, this article argues that trust is the driving force behind security-related cooperation within networks of humanitarian NGOs. Which type of trust comes into play and how trust is built depends on the str…
Humanitarian NGO Security Networks and Organisational Learning
Since a few years, humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are faced with increased insecurity in regions where armed conflicts prevail, such as in Afghanistan, Somalia or Sudan. An analysis of the NGOs’ reaction to this development based on 23 semi-structured interviews reveals that identity matters and plays a crucial role. On the one hand, for reasons related to their identity, addressing this insecurity proves challenging for NGOs,…
What does gender got to do with it? PMSCs and privatization of security revisited
While war and the military have been recognized as being gendered sites, Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) are only rarely studied through a gender lens. Compared to functional, political-instrumental or ideational explanations with respect to the privatization of security, such a lens captures, however, the micro-dynamic and political processes of PMSCs’ boom. We show that gender is, first, constitutive of companies’ corporate iden…
How to Analyze Social Media? Assessing the Promise of Mixed-Methods Designs for Studying the Twitter Feeds of PMSCs
Social scientists and international relations scholars are increasingly analyzing data collected from Twitter or Facebook to examine political processes in which social media are used. The sheer amount of web 2.0 data and its heterogeneity (including text, photos, and videos), however, pose challenges which analysts frequently seek to overcome through a mixed method approach relying on both quantitative and qualitative methods. This article discu…
NGOs as Norm Takers
Not-for-profit non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are often considered norm entrepreneurs, or norm carriers, that contribute to the spread of norms such as those prohibiting torture or violence against women—for example, in the context of transnational advocacy networks (TANs). However, their role as norm takers is rarely studied even though it deserves attention. Whether NGOs implement norms—either by carrying out related projects themselves …
Revisiting Global Governance in Multistakeholder Initiatives
Multistakeholder initiatives that bring together actors from the state, the business sector \nand society to formulate, implement and/or monitor rules governing different policy fields \nhave assumed a prominent role in global governance since the 1980s. In the governance \nliterature, it is generally assumed that the actors from the three sectors have diverse interests, \nbut contribute different resources. This should allow to address transnati…
External networks and institutional idiosyncrasies
In 2008, the Council of the European Union (EU) adopted a ‘Comprehensive Approach’ that outlines a strategy for securing gender mainstreaming; two years later, the Council introduced a set of indicators to assess its implementation. The EU was responding to the United Nations Security Council’s call for regional institutions to assist in implementing Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325, adopted on 31 October 2000, concerning ‘women, peace an…
NGOs – die besseren Unternehmen oder business as usual
Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NGOs), so der Befund aus Wissenschaft und Praxis, übernehmen immer häufiger Praktiken und Strukturen von Wirtschaftsunternehmen. In diesem Kontext ist oftmals von einer „Kommerzialisierung“ von NGOs die Rede, die in unterschiedlichen politikwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen erforscht wird. Die Dritte-Sektor-Forschung, die Protest- und Bewegungsforschung, die Forschung zu NGOs in den Internationalen Beziehungen befassen…
Changing discourses, changing practices? Gender mainstreaming and security
Of ‘true professionals’ and ‘ethical hero warriors’
Private military and security companies (PMSCs) have gained increasingly in importance over the course of the past two decades. Yet, given the intransparency of the industry and the heterogeneity of the companies that comprise it, we thus far know little about the actors involved. In this article, we offer preliminary insights into the self-representation of PMSCs, based on a gender-discourse analysis of the homepages of select companies and thei…
New Humanitarians? Frame Appropriation through Private Military and Security Companies
Although private military and security companies (PMSCs) are gaining increasing importance, they still suffer from an image problem. In the media, they are frequently referred to as ‘mercenaries’ or ‘dogs of war’. PMSCs are therefore interested in presenting themselves as legitimate and acceptable contract parties. Based on a discourse analysis of the homepages of select PMSCs and the industry association International Stability Operations Associ…
Humanitarian NGO Security Networks and Organisational Learning
Since a few years, humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are faced with increased insecurity in regions where armed conflicts prevail, such as in Afghanistan, Somalia or Sudan. An analysis of the NGOs’ reaction to this development based on 23 semi-structured interviews reveals that identity matters and plays a crucial role. On the one hand, for reasons related to their identity, addressing this insecurity proves challenging for NGOs,…
The vulnerable do-gooders
Humanitarian and development agencies have confronted growing insecurity in some of the regions in which they work over the course of the past decade. Consequently, aid agencies are changing their approach to security issues. Compared to aid agencies from other countries, especially the United Kingdom and the United States, German aid agencies have been relatively slow to adopt security measures. In addition, the security measures they have selec…
All for one and one in all
n Contains fulltext :\n 179278pub.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)\n
NGOs and the price of governance
n Contains fulltext :\n 193978pub.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)\n
Sicherheit in Den Internationalen Beziehungen
Humanitarian NGOs, (In)Security and Identity
Increasingly humanitarian NGOs operate in the context of armed conflicts where the security risks are higher than in contexts of natural disaster. Working in Afghanistan, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Pakistan and Sri Lanka is particularly dangerous for humanitarians. This existential threat affects the physical existence of aid workers and the implementation of humanitarian programs, and the core beliefs of humanitarians and the underlying princi…
Humanitarian NGOs, Security and Identity
Sicherheit in den Internationalen Beziehungen
Humanitarian NGOs as Businesses and Managers
Humanitarian nonprofit nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) today exhibit signs of “marketization” and behave like firms, according to a frequently uttered claim in the scholarly literature. However, it is not precisely clear what marketization and behaving like a firm mean. Drawing on the literature concerning nonprofit organizations and public administration, we offer a more sophisticated and multifaceted understanding of a consequential develo…
NGOs as Norm Takers
Not-for-profit non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are often considered norm entrepreneurs, or norm carriers, that contribute to the spread of norms such as those prohibiting torture or violence against women—for example, in the context of transnational advocacy networks (TANs). However, their role as norm takers is rarely studied even though it deserves attention. Whether NGOs implement norms—either by carrying out related projects themselves …
Revisiting Global Governance in Multistakeholder Initiatives
Multistakeholder initiatives that bring together actors from the state, the business sector \nand society to formulate, implement and/or monitor rules governing different policy fields \nhave assumed a prominent role in global governance since the 1980s. In the governance \nliterature, it is generally assumed that the actors from the three sectors have diverse interests, \nbut contribute different resources. This should allow to address transnati…
External networks and institutional idiosyncrasies
In 2008, the Council of the European Union (EU) adopted a ‘Comprehensive Approach’ that outlines a strategy for securing gender mainstreaming; two years later, the Council introduced a set of indicators to assess its implementation. The EU was responding to the United Nations Security Council’s call for regional institutions to assist in implementing Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325, adopted on 31 October 2000, concerning ‘women, peace an…
Researching Non-State Actors in International Security
Hiding in plain sight
Private military and security companies (PMSCs) have an image problem. They are frequently called ‘mercenaries’ or ‘dogs of war’, due to recurring scandals involving some of these companies, such as human rights violations, fraud and waste. Scholars have analysed the strategies that PMSCs use to distance themselves from such negative labels and to boost their image by studying the companies’ websites and advertisements. What is missing so far, ho…
How to Analyze Social Media? Assessing the Promise of Mixed-Methods Designs for Studying the Twitter Feeds of PMSCs
Social scientists and international relations scholars are increasingly analyzing data collected from Twitter or Facebook to examine political processes in which social media are used. The sheer amount of web 2.0 data and its heterogeneity (including text, photos, and videos), however, pose challenges which analysts frequently seek to overcome through a mixed method approach relying on both quantitative and qualitative methods. This article discu…
The New Defenders of Human Rights? How Radical Right-Wing TNGOs are Using the Human Rights Discourse to Promote their Ideas
Generation Identity (GI) is at the centre of right-wing politics across Europe. Yet, it does not present itself as a right-wing organisation. In contrast, GI seeks to move from the margins into the centre of civil society. Based on the literature on transnational NGOs' action repertoires and by situating the discourse of GI with respect to a traditional human rights TNGO, Amnesty International, my qualitative content analysis of the frames of bot…
Twittering for talent
Private military and security companies (PMSCs) play an increasingly important role in the provision of security-related services. In their attempts to win new clients and find suitable personnel, they take on different identities by presenting themselves as conventional businesses, military actors, and humanitarians. In this article, we examine how PMSCs deploy these identities when they recruit new personnel through social media. Our computer-a…
Private Security and Identity Politics
Explaining variation in the implementation of global norms
Why do regional security organizations choose different approaches to implementing global gender norms? To address this question, we examine how the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the European Union (EU) integrated requirements derived from UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (UNSCR 1325) on women, peace and security into their security policies. We identify differences in scope and dynamics between the change pro…
Telling the Story of the Superhero and the Anti-Politician as President
Given his extensive use of Twitter, the ways in which Donald Trump uses this platform are subject to a number of scholarly analyses. These generally attribute the success of Trump’s tweets to the ways in which he uses the features Twitter offers. Adopting a perspective of political marketing, I regard Donald Trump as a political product that is marketed through political branding. Drawing on the literature on celebrity politicians and based on a …
Norm Sabotage
This article is concerned with conceptualizing those actors who seek to undo the collective normative standard that has already been achieved. I call these actors norm saboteurs. Unlike norm entrepreneurs, who promote a new norm, or norm antipreneurs, who resist a new norm, saboteurs seek to obstruct the implementation of an already accepted norm. They not only oppose a norm, but also seek to prevent others from maintaining the normative status q…
Linking pins as drivers of interagency cooperation
Scholars in the field of International Relations increasingly pay attention to interorganizational cooperation. Currently we know, however, more about why international organizations cooperate with one another and have only a rudimentary understanding of the ways in which this cooperation is established. To shed light on this ‘blind spot’ in the literature, we draw on the linking pin concept, which originated in organizational studies and has mor…
Political science (28 obras) · Sociology (20 obras) · Law (17 obras) · Law (16 obras) · Public relations (15 obras) · Business (12 obras) · Computer Science (11 obras) · Politics (11 obras) · Peacebuilding and International Security (10 obras) · Gender, Security, and Conflict (9 obras)