Stefan Hagel
Biographic Data
| ID | 1229185 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Stefan Hagel |
| GIVEN NAMES | Stefan |
| FAMILY NAME | Hagel |
| SIGNATURE | HAGEL S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Vienna |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5654-4013 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 18 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 19 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 18 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2002 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Music from Pompeii: Playing the Aulos Fondo Prisco A + B
A small aulos from the Pompeii region that was recently published without experimentally validating the proposed interpretation is evaluated by means of a carefully designed functional model. Possible playing techniques are discussed, demonstrating how the precise design of the instruments may have substituted for a mechanical positive-locator device for the speaker hole ( sŷrinx ), how a harmonically meaningful note is obtainable that the mathem…
Music from Pompeii: Understanding the Aulos Fondo Prisco A+B
Most of the doublepipe (aulos/tibia) remains that were unearthed in the Vesuvian region and are kept in the National Archaeological Museum of Naples ( MANN ) are still awaiting publication. Addressing this need, a joint project of the University of Pavia and the Austrian Academy of Sciences is documenting the fragments, aiming at a restoration of their original order and a musical interpretation, where feasible. Here we focus on two especially sh…
Inside the Hydra: Taking the Ancient Water Organ Seriously
Although ancient sources describe the mechanism of the ancient water organ’s wind supply in considerable detail, modern attempts at recreating such a device have remained unsatisfactory. A study of the relations between the shape of the pressure chamber, its size, possible water levels and the ensuing usable air pressure and volume suggests that the true hydraulis played at much higher pressures than has been commonly assumed. Such pressures woul…
Al-ʿūd, pípá, Lute: An Ancient Greek Perspective on Their Prehistory
Starting from early Arabic sources, the absolute pitch of the Early Abbasid ʿūd is considered and related to evidence on pitch usage in Roman-period sources. Similar instruments, it is argued, must have existed already in late antiquity. Iconographic evidence takes us back to late Classical Greece, whose music would have provided especially fertile ground for designing such a lute. In contrast to the traditional tuning in fifths and fourths throu…
The Mouthpiece of the Aulos Revisited
The precise nature of the aulos mouthpiece, especially in the Classical period and before, has been disputed: above all, was it a single or a double reed? A definitive answer to this question has the greatest consequences for the nature of aulos music regarding not only timbre but more importantly control of dynamics, phrasing, and microtonal adjustments. From a survey of iconographical, literary and archaeological evidence, it is argued that the…
Reconstructing the Auloi from Queen Amanishakheto’s Pyramid
Aus dem Grab der kuschitischen Königin Amanischacheto wurde im Jahr 1921 eine Sammlung stark zerstörter gedoppelter Rohrblattinstrumente (Auloi) geborgen, die sich bisher jedem Rekonstruktionsversuch widersetzt haben. Auf der Grundlage jüngster Erkenntnisse zur antiken Musik im Allgemeinen und dem Aulos im Besonderen wird hier eine neue Methode vorgestellt, die die Wiederherstellung der Instrumente mit einem hohen Wahrscheinlichkeitsgrad erlaubt.…
Ancient ‘Solmisation’ and the Meaning of Notes
When contextualising the ancient Greek solmisation system, known from Aristides Quintilianus and one of Bellermann’s Anonymi , within its musical and linguistic environment, it emerges that it hardly predates the Roman Imperial period, an important part of whose musical schooling it appears to have formed. The system seems based on a combination of the various vowels’ intrinsic F 2 pitch and intensity and reflects the harmonic hierarchies of cont…
Re-Stringing the Daphnē Harp
D. Najock has criticised a tentatively proposed diatonic-chromatic tuning for the triangular frame harp found at Daphnē and suggested a different enharmonic-diatonic stringing. While his criticism may well be justified, it is argued that his alternative proposal is physically problematic and historically implausible. A possible compromise is discussed
Two Auloi from Megara
Two aulos pairs ( Δ 1965 and Δ 1964), unearthed in 1980 and 2005 respectively at Megara (Attica), are exhibited in the city’s Archaeological Museum. Both are associated with metal sliding keys (resembling the keys on the well-known Pergamon aulos model), either mounted on the pipes ( Δ 1964) or displayed next to them ( Δ 1965). The present paper describes the parts, proposes a meaningful re-assemblage of the bone sections, and gives a detailed ac…
How Is Technology Useful in the Study of Ancient Music
A variety of possible applications of modern technology for music-archaeological purposes are discussed: from studying and evaluating musical finds and acoustical environments through the presentation of pitch structures down to databases, their statistical evaluation and the necessity and promises of dedicated coding
Understanding early auloi: Instruments from Paestum, Pydna and elsewhere
Starting from data on the ‘Paestum’ or ‘Poseidonia’ aulos established by Paul andBarbara Reichlin-Moser and Stelios Psaroudakēs, the ‘Pydna’ aulos, and comparable finds ofearly, mainly six-hole one-hole-shift, doublepipe fragments, possible musical interpretations ofthis important instrument type of the early Classical Period are considered. Probable pitchesand intervals are assessed by means of well-tested software and confirmed experimentally;t…
Musics’, Bellermann’s Anonymi, and the Art of the Aulos
Apart from the better studied musical ‘handbooks’ of the Roman period, mostly focused on matters of harmonics and sometimes rhythmics, there was a type of text known as ‘Musics’. The article discusses their characteristics, their function in ancient schooling and their relation to extant texts and excerpts, most notably the collection known as Bellermann’s Anonymi . The ‘instrumental exercises’ found at the end of these are evaluated as instrumen…
The Monochord in Ancient Greek Harmonic Science
Preface Introduction: The geometry of sound 1. Hearing numbers, seeing sounds: the role of instruments and diagrams in Greek harmonic science 2. Mathematical harmonics before the monochord 3. The monochord in context 4. Eratosthenes 5. Canonic theory 6. Ptolemy's canonics Bibliography Index
Harmonics
The ancient science of Harmonike encompassed a theoretical and practical understanding of musical pitches.
Music, ancient Near East
The wide geographical and chronological span that we have come to circumscribe as “the ancient Near East” implies a multiplicity of music cultures.
Ancient Greek Music: A New Technical History
Ancient Greek Music in Performance: Symposion Wien 29. Sept. - 1. Okt. 2003
"This book endeavours to pinpoint the relations between musical, and especially instrumental, practice and the evolving conceptions of pitch systems. It traces the development of ancient melodic notation from reconstructed origins, through various adaptations necessitated by changing musical styles and newly invented instruments, to its final canonical form. It thus emerges how closely ancient harmonic theory depended on the culturally dominant i…
Modulation in altgriechischer Musik
Ancient Greek Music in Performance: Symposion Wien 29. Sept. - 1. Okt. 2003
"This book endeavours to pinpoint the relations between musical, and especially instrumental, practice and the evolving conceptions of pitch systems. It traces the development of ancient melodic notation from reconstructed origins, through various adaptations necessitated by changing musical styles and newly invented instruments, to its final canonical form. It thus emerges how closely ancient harmonic theory depended on the culturally dominant i…
Musics’, Bellermann’s Anonymi, and the Art of the Aulos
Apart from the better studied musical ‘handbooks’ of the Roman period, mostly focused on matters of harmonics and sometimes rhythmics, there was a type of text known as ‘Musics’. The article discusses their characteristics, their function in ancient schooling and their relation to extant texts and excerpts, most notably the collection known as Bellermann’s Anonymi . The ‘instrumental exercises’ found at the end of these are evaluated as instrumen…
The Monochord in Ancient Greek Harmonic Science
Preface Introduction: The geometry of sound 1. Hearing numbers, seeing sounds: the role of instruments and diagrams in Greek harmonic science 2. Mathematical harmonics before the monochord 3. The monochord in context 4. Eratosthenes 5. Canonic theory 6. Ptolemy's canonics Bibliography Index
Reconstructing the Auloi from Queen Amanishakheto’s Pyramid
Aus dem Grab der kuschitischen Königin Amanischacheto wurde im Jahr 1921 eine Sammlung stark zerstörter gedoppelter Rohrblattinstrumente (Auloi) geborgen, die sich bisher jedem Rekonstruktionsversuch widersetzt haben. Auf der Grundlage jüngster Erkenntnisse zur antiken Musik im Allgemeinen und dem Aulos im Besonderen wird hier eine neue Methode vorgestellt, die die Wiederherstellung der Instrumente mit einem hohen Wahrscheinlichkeitsgrad erlaubt.…
Modulation in altgriechischer Musik
Ancient Greek Music in Performance: Symposion Wien 29. Sept. - 1. Okt. 2003
"This book endeavours to pinpoint the relations between musical, and especially instrumental, practice and the evolving conceptions of pitch systems. It traces the development of ancient melodic notation from reconstructed origins, through various adaptations necessitated by changing musical styles and newly invented instruments, to its final canonical form. It thus emerges how closely ancient harmonic theory depended on the culturally dominant i…
Ancient Greek Music: A New Technical History
Harmonics
The ancient science of Harmonike encompassed a theoretical and practical understanding of musical pitches.
Music, ancient Near East
The wide geographical and chronological span that we have come to circumscribe as “the ancient Near East” implies a multiplicity of music cultures.
The Monochord in Ancient Greek Harmonic Science
Preface Introduction: The geometry of sound 1. Hearing numbers, seeing sounds: the role of instruments and diagrams in Greek harmonic science 2. Mathematical harmonics before the monochord 3. The monochord in context 4. Eratosthenes 5. Canonic theory 6. Ptolemy's canonics Bibliography Index
Musics’, Bellermann’s Anonymi, and the Art of the Aulos
Apart from the better studied musical ‘handbooks’ of the Roman period, mostly focused on matters of harmonics and sometimes rhythmics, there was a type of text known as ‘Musics’. The article discusses their characteristics, their function in ancient schooling and their relation to extant texts and excerpts, most notably the collection known as Bellermann’s Anonymi . The ‘instrumental exercises’ found at the end of these are evaluated as instrumen…
Understanding early auloi: Instruments from Paestum, Pydna and elsewhere
Starting from data on the ‘Paestum’ or ‘Poseidonia’ aulos established by Paul andBarbara Reichlin-Moser and Stelios Psaroudakēs, the ‘Pydna’ aulos, and comparable finds ofearly, mainly six-hole one-hole-shift, doublepipe fragments, possible musical interpretations ofthis important instrument type of the early Classical Period are considered. Probable pitchesand intervals are assessed by means of well-tested software and confirmed experimentally;t…
Ancient ‘Solmisation’ and the Meaning of Notes
When contextualising the ancient Greek solmisation system, known from Aristides Quintilianus and one of Bellermann’s Anonymi , within its musical and linguistic environment, it emerges that it hardly predates the Roman Imperial period, an important part of whose musical schooling it appears to have formed. The system seems based on a combination of the various vowels’ intrinsic F 2 pitch and intensity and reflects the harmonic hierarchies of cont…
Re-Stringing the Daphnē Harp
D. Najock has criticised a tentatively proposed diatonic-chromatic tuning for the triangular frame harp found at Daphnē and suggested a different enharmonic-diatonic stringing. While his criticism may well be justified, it is argued that his alternative proposal is physically problematic and historically implausible. A possible compromise is discussed
Two Auloi from Megara
Two aulos pairs ( Δ 1965 and Δ 1964), unearthed in 1980 and 2005 respectively at Megara (Attica), are exhibited in the city’s Archaeological Museum. Both are associated with metal sliding keys (resembling the keys on the well-known Pergamon aulos model), either mounted on the pipes ( Δ 1964) or displayed next to them ( Δ 1965). The present paper describes the parts, proposes a meaningful re-assemblage of the bone sections, and gives a detailed ac…
How Is Technology Useful in the Study of Ancient Music
A variety of possible applications of modern technology for music-archaeological purposes are discussed: from studying and evaluating musical finds and acoustical environments through the presentation of pitch structures down to databases, their statistical evaluation and the necessity and promises of dedicated coding
Inside the Hydra: Taking the Ancient Water Organ Seriously
Although ancient sources describe the mechanism of the ancient water organ’s wind supply in considerable detail, modern attempts at recreating such a device have remained unsatisfactory. A study of the relations between the shape of the pressure chamber, its size, possible water levels and the ensuing usable air pressure and volume suggests that the true hydraulis played at much higher pressures than has been commonly assumed. Such pressures woul…
Al-ʿūd, pípá, Lute: An Ancient Greek Perspective on Their Prehistory
Starting from early Arabic sources, the absolute pitch of the Early Abbasid ʿūd is considered and related to evidence on pitch usage in Roman-period sources. Similar instruments, it is argued, must have existed already in late antiquity. Iconographic evidence takes us back to late Classical Greece, whose music would have provided especially fertile ground for designing such a lute. In contrast to the traditional tuning in fifths and fourths throu…
The Mouthpiece of the Aulos Revisited
The precise nature of the aulos mouthpiece, especially in the Classical period and before, has been disputed: above all, was it a single or a double reed? A definitive answer to this question has the greatest consequences for the nature of aulos music regarding not only timbre but more importantly control of dynamics, phrasing, and microtonal adjustments. From a survey of iconographical, literary and archaeological evidence, it is argued that the…
Reconstructing the Auloi from Queen Amanishakheto’s Pyramid
Aus dem Grab der kuschitischen Königin Amanischacheto wurde im Jahr 1921 eine Sammlung stark zerstörter gedoppelter Rohrblattinstrumente (Auloi) geborgen, die sich bisher jedem Rekonstruktionsversuch widersetzt haben. Auf der Grundlage jüngster Erkenntnisse zur antiken Musik im Allgemeinen und dem Aulos im Besonderen wird hier eine neue Methode vorgestellt, die die Wiederherstellung der Instrumente mit einem hohen Wahrscheinlichkeitsgrad erlaubt.…
Music from Pompeii: Understanding the Aulos Fondo Prisco A+B
Most of the doublepipe (aulos/tibia) remains that were unearthed in the Vesuvian region and are kept in the National Archaeological Museum of Naples ( MANN ) are still awaiting publication. Addressing this need, a joint project of the University of Pavia and the Austrian Academy of Sciences is documenting the fragments, aiming at a restoration of their original order and a musical interpretation, where feasible. Here we focus on two especially sh…
Music from Pompeii: Playing the Aulos Fondo Prisco A + B
A small aulos from the Pompeii region that was recently published without experimentally validating the proposed interpretation is evaluated by means of a carefully designed functional model. Possible playing techniques are discussed, demonstrating how the precise design of the instruments may have substituted for a mechanical positive-locator device for the speaker hole ( sŷrinx ), how a harmonically meaningful note is obtainable that the mathem…
Art (14 works) · History (11 works) · Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History (9 works) · Classical Antiquity Studies (9 works) · Literature (7 works) · Musical (7 works) · Visual arts (7 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · Diverse Musicological Studies (6 works) · Physics (6 works)