Dieter Frey
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 125364 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Dieter Frey |
| PRENOMES | Dieter |
| SOBRENOME | Frey |
| ASSINATURA | FREY D |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4603-0438 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 84 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 461 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 81 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 3 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1972 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
The Dark Lord Needs a Dark Space
275), in which the participants were randomly assigned to either an unethical (n = 138) or an ethical (n = 137) organizational culture. Across both studies, perceptions of an unethical organizational culture amplified the link between the Dark Triad traits and unethical behavior as well as primarily influenced pro-organizational attitudes, with the traits proving relatively unimportant for the latter. Our findings highlight the importance of asse…
Where a psychopathic personality matters at work
We argue that different expectations of employees per industry make it easier or harder for different personalities to assimilate (homogeneity hypothesis) to the work context (measured by PsyCap). Future studies should investigate this further with other variables such as person-organization-fit. This study was, however, the first to simultaneously investigate Dark Triad and PsyCap among employees and their respective industry. It extends previou…
Matching by value congruence for high-quality mentoring
University mentoring programs are often implemented as an instrument to support students’ personal development and successful transition to university. Scholars and practitioners alike emphasize the importance of matching for high-quality peer mentoring. However, mentoring theory and research lacks specificity regarding relevant characteristics and type of fit, as well as predictive power, as fit between mentors and protégés is often conceptualiz…
Shaping EU Attitudes Through Identity Leadership
The European Union (EU) faces many challenges. Chief among them are (1) the growing electoral appeal of EU‐skeptic parties, (2) the prevalence of negative narratives about the EU, and (3) frequent marginalization of government leaders openly advocating EU membership. It is hence unsurprising that the EU attitude literature focuses heavily on ways in which leaders undermine (rather than bolster) confidence in the EU. The aim of this conceptual art…
Mitigating Intergroup Conflict
Intergroup conflicts can be triggered and perpetuated by collective perceptions of injustice. In two experiments, we applied the qualifying of subjective justice views, a justice-focused intervention initially introduced to resolve interpersonal conflicts, and evaluated whether it can mitigate intergroup conflicts. This intervention included explicating opposing justice perceptions, explaining the dilemma structure of justice conflicts, and empha…
Applying predictive models to study the ecological properties of urban ecosystems
Cities are human dominated ecosystems providing novel conditions for organisms. Research on urban biodiversity is rapidly increasing, yet it is still hampered by the partial spatial coverage of cities and because of existing taxonomic biases. Predictive models have proved to be a key tool to solve this shortfall. However, predictive models have rarely been used in urban ecosystems due to either the lack of sufficient species records or high-quali…
Psychological restoration in urban gardens related to garden type, biodiversity and garden-related stress
In the context of increasing urbanization, gardens as a form of urban greenspace are an important resource for the psychological restoration of urban dwellers, while underpinning urban biodiversity and delivering ecosystem services. However, the links between restoration, garden type and biodiversity are not fully understood. In this interdisciplinary study we aimed to identify how the self-reported restoration of gardeners was related to three f…
Because ‘happy sheets’ are not enough – a meta-analytical evaluation of a personnel development program in academia
Although the high costs of implementing personnel development programs in enterprises and increasingly in universities as well are commonly accepted, the scientifically-grounded evaluation of a program’s effectiveness is often neglected. The aim of this paper was to evaluate a personnel development program for academics at a German university (N=1426). We investigated the program’s effectiveness on Kirkpatrick’s four levels. We examined short- an…
Kommunikation, Interaktion und soziale Gruppenprozesse
Safety in Beauty
Individuals regularly exhibit antisocial responses after social exclusion. In four unregistered studies (1a, 1b, 2, and 3) and one preregistered experiment (Study 4), we tested the hypothesis that the excluder’s physical attractiveness reduces the relationship between social exclusion and negative responding. Results showed that exclusion by a highly attractive source caused less aggressive and more prosocial responses than exclusion by a less at…
Glucose Increases Risky Behavior and Attitudes in People Low in Self-Control
People low in self-control have a strong proclivity toward risk-taking. Risk-taking behavior provides an opportunity to obtain some form of reward. Glucose, on the other hand, seems to facilitate reward and goal-directed behavior. In a pilot study executed in the laboratory, we investigated whether consuming a glucose drink would increase risky behavior and attitudes in people low in self-control. Our findings revealed that a dose of glucose comp…
Zum Problem der Wertevermittlung und der Umsetzung in Verhalten
Psychologie der Werte
The Effect of Abstract and Concrete Thinking on Risk-Taking Behavior in Women and Men
Recent studies have demonstrated that participants with an abstract mind-set (high construal level [CL]) showed an increased risk affinity when compared with those with a concrete way of thinking (low CL). With regard to the importance of replicating research findings, we conducted a replication study and re-investigated the CL effect on risk-taking. Furthermore, we extended previous research by comparing experimental groups with a control group …
Money and Finances, Psychology of
Group Processes in Organizations
Arbeitskultur 2020
Psychologie der Werte
Being active when judging risks
Research on embodiment shows that bodily states influence affect and cognition, but embodiment theories have hardly been applied to risk research. Understanding how the bodily state of being physically active interferes with accurate risk judgments is especially important in risky activities, such as risk sports or even biking in the city. The present investigation consisted of two field studies (Study 1, N = 45; Study 2, N = 110) and one experim…
Sugar or spice
Social rejection can increase aggression, especially among people high in rejection sensitivity. Rejection impairs self-control, and deficits in self-control often result in aggression. A dose of glucose can counteract the effect of situational factors that undermine self-control. But no research has integrated these literatures to understand why rejection increases aggression, and how to reduce it. Using the I(3) model of aggression, we proposed…
Ceci n'est pas la mort
Previous research has demonstrated that death reminders influence how we perceive art. In the context of terror management theory, this has been explained by the death‐transcending quality of art to convey cultural meaning. In two studies, we examined psychological and neurocognitive responses to naturalistic and surrealistic art when death was primed. We found that naturalistic paintings were evaluated similarly in terms of personal reassurance …
The effect of construal level on risk‐taking
In a series of studies, we examined the influence of people's mind‐set (construal level (CL): abstract versus concrete) on their risk‐taking behavior. We measured differences in CL (study 1, CL as trait) and manipulated CL (studies 1–5, CL as state) with different priming methods, which were unrelated to the dependent variable of risk‐taking behavior (studies 1, 3, 4, and 5: Balloon Analog Risk Task; study 2: Angling Risk Task). In all studies, a…
Exclude Me If You Can
We examined how individualistic versus collectivistic cultural backgrounds affected the psychological experience of social exclusion. We found that Turkish, Chinese, and Indian participants (collectivistic background) differed in their experience of social exclusion from German participants (individualistic background): German participants experienced lower fulfillment of psychological needs in response to social exclusion, whereas Turkish, Chine…
Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie
Sozialpsychologie - Individuum und soziale Welt
Der Band bietet eine aktuelle Einführung in die Grundlagen der Sozialpsychologie. Mit dem Fokus auf das Individuum in der sozialen Welt werden die wichtigsten sozialpsychologischen Theorien und Methoden anschaulich dargestellt. Der Band führt in Konzepte des sozialen Selbst ein und betrachtet dabei problematische Persönlichkeitsmerkmale wie Autoritarismus, Narzissmus und Soziale Dominanzorientierung. Kognitive Konsistenz und Dissonanz sowie Kontr…
Confirmation bias in sequential information search after preliminary decisions
Biased information search in group decision making
Research has shown that people prefer supporting to conflicting information when making decisions. Whether this biased information search also occurs in group decision making was examined in three experiments. Experiment 1 indicated that groups as well as individuals prefer supporting information and that the strength of this bias depends on the distribution of the group members' initial decision preferences. The more group members had chosen the…
Selective exposure to information
In research on selective exposure to information, people have been found to predominantly seek information supporting rather than conflicting with their opinion. In most of these studies, participants were allowed to search for as many pieces of information as they liked. However, in many situations, the amount of information that people can search for is restricted. We report four experiments addressing this issue. Experiment 1 suggests that obj…
Self-regulation and selective exposure
In the present research, the authors investigated the impact of self-regulation resources on confirmatory information processing, that is, the tendency of individuals to systematically prefer standpoint-consistent information to standpoint-inconsistent information in information evaluation and search. In 4 studies with political and economic decision-making scenarios, it was consistently found that individuals with depleted self-regulation resour…
Group decision making in hidden profile situations
The effect of diversity in individual prediscussion preferences on group decision quality was examined in an experiment in which 135 three-person groups worked on a personnel selection case with 4 alternatives. The information distribution among group members constituted a hidden profile (i.e., the correct solution was not identifiable on the basis of the members' individual information and could be detected only by pooling and integrating the me…
Culture, self, and the emergence of reactance
Terror salience and punishment
A clarification of selective exposure
Reactions to success and failure in public and in private conditions
The unresponsive bystander
Previous research in bystander intervention found that the presence of other bystanders reduces helping behaviour in an emergency (bystander effect). This research was mainly conducted in the context of non-dangerous, non-violent emergencies. We hypothesize that the classic bystander effect does not occur in more dangerous situations because: a) they are faster and more clearly recognized as emergency situations; and b) higher costs for refusing …
Selective exposure and decision framing
When people make decisions, they often prefer to receive information that supports rather than conflicts with their decision. To date, this effect has mainly been investigated in the context of decisions about gains, whereas decisions about losses have received less attention. Based on Prospect Theory, we expected information search to be differently affected by whether people previously have decided about gains or losses. Three studies have reve…
Masculine (Instrumental) and Feminine (Expressive) Traits
A German version of Spence and Helmreich's Extended Personal Attributes Questionnaire (EPAQ), a measure of socially desirable and undesirable components of "Masculine" instrumentality and "feminine" expressivity, was administered to three samples in West Germany to determine whether its psychometric properties in that setting were similar to those found in samples in the United States. Factor analyses and scale intercorrelations conducted on the …
Social exclusion and xenophobia
The present research investigates the effects of social exclusion on attitudes toward ethnic and religious minorities. Native-born German participants who were socially excluded rather than included reported greater approval for stricter legislation regarding the naturalization of immigrants (Study 1), reported greater prejudice against openly observant Muslims (Studies 2 and 3), and stronger agreement with the view that immigrants are financial …
Selective exposure and information quantity
Empirical evidence on selective exposure to information after decisions is contradictory: Whereas many studies have found a preference for information that is consistent with one's prior decision, some have found a preference for inconsistent information. The authors propose that different available information quantities moderate these contradictory findings. Four studies confirmed this expectation. When confronted with 10 pieces of information,…
Expectancy confirmation in spite of disconfirming evidence
People in Germany overwhelmingly believe that the Euro introduction caused an overall price increase, however, no such increase actually took place. To investigate whether this disparity could be based on biased perceptions of the average price trend, four studies were conducted. Participants received two menus from a restaurant (one ‘old’ menu with German Mark (DM) prices and one ‘new’ menu with Euro prices) and were asked to estimate the price …
Psychological effects of the Euro—experimental research on the perception of salaries and price estimations
In five studies we show that the introduction of the Euro influences price estimations and the perception of salaries among people in Germany. People confronted with wages given in Euros compared to the German Mark (DM) showed a reduced willingness to face long distances to get to work when accepting a job offer. When asked to price various consumer goods appropriately, they estimated higher prices if they used the ‘Euro’ currency compared to pri…
The effect of negative feedback about oneself and cost of information on preferences for information about the source of this feedback
Postdecisional preference for decision-relevant information as a function of the competence of its source and the degree of familiarity with this information
Interactive effects of writing and reading a persuasive essay on attitude change and selective exposure
Man's best friend
Why mood affects help giving, but not moral courage
A long tradition in the help giving literature assumes that mood states determine the level of prosocial behaviour shown by individuals. Most research in this area has been conducted in the context of low cost prosocial behaviour, whereas research has been neglected in which participants were confronted with situations involving potential severe and dangerous negative consequences (i.e., high cost situations) with the help‐giver risking his moral…
The influence of price trend expectations on price trend perceptions
The dissemination of critical, unshared information in decision‐making groups
Previous research in group decision making has found that in situations of a hidden profile (i.e. the best choice alternative is hidden from individual members as they consider their pre‐discussion information), unshared information is disproportionately neglected and sub‐optimal group choices are highly likely. In an experimental study, three‐person groups decided which of three candidates to select for a professorial appointment. We hypothesise…
Terrorism threat and networking
Previous research has shown that after terrorist attacks people focus more on their personal social networks. The present research tested to what extent this result can be extended to occupational networking. Considering previous research showing that in the face of terrorism people neglect their workplace, it was expected that terrorism threat would increase personal networking and decrease occupational networking. Study 1 showed that under high…
Social validation in group decision-making
Shared information has a stronger impact on group decisions than unshared information. A prominent explanation for this phenomenon is that shared information can be socially validated during group discussion and, hence, is perceived as more accurate and relevant than unshared information. In the present study we argue that this explanation only holds for preference-inconsistent information (i.e., information contradicting the group members’ initi…
Some conditions to produce a dissonance and an incentive effect in a ‘forced‐compliance’ situationx
Dissonance theory and incentive theory call for different predictions concerning the relation of reward and attitude change after a person has performed some counter‐attitudinal behavior. According to dissonance theory a negative, and according to incentive theory a positive relationship is expected. An experiment was conducted in West Germany testing the interactions of choice versus no choice and public versus anonymus (private) essay‐writing. …
A new challenge to dissonance theory
Kognitive Konsequenzen der Wahl eines Verlierers / Cognitive Consequences of Voting for a Loser
The election of the ‘Landtag von Nordrhein-Westfalen’ in 1975 was one of the infrequent occasions of being able to examine the resolution of cognitive inconsistencies in a natural-occurring event: Voters who expect their own party to lose will experience cognitive dissonance. There was significant confirmation for the hypothesis that inconsistency between the party to be voted and the party expected to win (i.e. the person will vote for a loser) …
A clarification of selective exposure
Reactions to success and failure in public and in private conditions
Satisfaction with Group Process and Group Decision as a Function of Group Structure
Egalitarian and hierarchical groups of university business students were asked to solve a business management game. The two group structures were established by role assignments. Half of the groups were introduced to an optimal problem-solving method (operations research). Both types of groups reported significantly more satisfaction with the decision when the optimal method was given. However, satisfaction with decision process was a function of…
Performance of an unpleasant task
Misattribution of arousal and the effects of self-threatening information
Interactive effects of writing and reading a persuasive essay on attitude change and selective exposure
The effect of negative feedback about oneself and cost of information on preferences for information about the source of this feedback
Postdecisional preference for decision-relevant information as a function of the competence of its source and the degree of familiarity with this information
Masculine (Instrumental) and Feminine (Expressive) Traits
A German version of Spence and Helmreich's Extended Personal Attributes Questionnaire (EPAQ), a measure of socially desirable and undesirable components of "Masculine" instrumentality and "feminine" expressivity, was administered to three samples in West Germany to determine whether its psychometric properties in that setting were similar to those found in samples in the United States. Factor analyses and scale intercorrelations conducted on the …
Different levels of cognitive dissonance, information seeking, and information avoidance
The effects of feedback about self and others on the recall and judgments of feedback-relevant information
Re‐evaluation of decision alternatives dependent upon the reversibility of a decision and the passage of time
In the present experiment subjects made a decision between two alternatives which was either reversible or irreversible. After the choice, subjects evaluated the attractiveness of both alternatives once more under different time levels. It was found that with increasing time level, re‐evaluation of alternatives increased under irreversible and decreased under reversible conditions. The results are discussed in the framework of dissonance theory
Recent Research on Selective Exposure to Information
Information seeking of high‐ and low‐anxiety subjects after receiving positive and negative self‐relevant feedback
The present paper reports an experiment in which subjects received fictitious intelligence test feedback that was either negatively or positively discrepant with their self‐evaluation They were then given an opportunity to choose among several articles containing information that either derogated intelligence tests (test‐disparaging information) or argued for their validity (test‐supporting information) The main finding of this study consists of …
Biased information search in group decision making
Research has shown that people prefer supporting to conflicting information when making decisions. Whether this biased information search also occurs in group decision making was examined in three experiments. Experiment 1 indicated that groups as well as individuals prefer supporting information and that the strength of this bias depends on the distribution of the group members' initial decision preferences. The more group members had chosen the…
Confirmation bias in sequential information search after preliminary decisions
Psychological effects of the Euro—experimental research on the perception of salaries and price estimations
In five studies we show that the introduction of the Euro influences price estimations and the perception of salaries among people in Germany. People confronted with wages given in Euros compared to the German Mark (DM) showed a reduced willingness to face long distances to get to work when accepting a job offer. When asked to price various consumer goods appropriately, they estimated higher prices if they used the ‘Euro’ currency compared to pri…
The dissemination of critical, unshared information in decision‐making groups
Previous research in group decision making has found that in situations of a hidden profile (i.e. the best choice alternative is hidden from individual members as they consider their pre‐discussion information), unshared information is disproportionately neglected and sub‐optimal group choices are highly likely. In an experimental study, three‐person groups decided which of three candidates to select for a professorial appointment. We hypothesise…
The Effects of Intragroup Interaction and Cohesion on Intergroup Bias
The current study investigated the effects of intragroup interaction and cohesion on intergroup bias in a minimal group setting. As expected, interacting groups displayed a stronger intergroup bias than did individual group members acting in isolation. Moreover, there was a tendency for cohesive groups to show more intergroup bias than did groups formed on an ad hoc basis. Additional analyses showed that while groups and individuals did not diffe…
Expectancy confirmation in spite of disconfirming evidence
People in Germany overwhelmingly believe that the Euro introduction caused an overall price increase, however, no such increase actually took place. To investigate whether this disparity could be based on biased perceptions of the average price trend, four studies were conducted. Participants received two menus from a restaurant (one ‘old’ menu with German Mark (DM) prices and one ‘new’ menu with Euro prices) and were asked to estimate the price …
The influence of price trend expectations on price trend perceptions
Selective exposure to information
In research on selective exposure to information, people have been found to predominantly seek information supporting rather than conflicting with their opinion. In most of these studies, participants were allowed to search for as many pieces of information as they liked. However, in many situations, the amount of information that people can search for is restricted. We report four experiments addressing this issue. Experiment 1 suggests that obj…
Psychology (73 obras) · Social Psychology (64 obras) · Social Psychology (44 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (41 obras) · Political science (21 obras) · Computer Science (19 obras) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (16 obras) · Developmental psychology (16 obras) · Economics (16 obras) · Cognitive psychology (15 obras)