Jon E Fox
Biographic Data
| ID | 125475 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jon E Fox |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jon E |
| FAMILY NAME | Fox |
| SIGNATURE | FOX J E |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Bristol |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2428-3482 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1238 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2003 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 16 |
Exchange: What Can We Learn from Two Decades of Everyday Nationalism?
In their landmark article on nationalism in the everyday, Jon E. Fox and Cynthia Miller-Idriss (2008a, 537) set out an ambitious research agenda which endeavored to observe “the actual practices through which ordinary people engage and enact (and ignore and deflect) nationhood and nationalism in the varied contexts of their everyday lives.” The authors’ focus on decentering elite perspectives and questions about the origins of nations in the stud…
Clapping the nation, or, from a global pandemic to national imaginaries via local solidarities
In the early days of the COVID‐19 pandemic, people in England stepped outside their doors once a week to clap the National Health Service. What does this have to do with nationalism? On the face of it, nothing much: clapping exercised local, and not, national solidarities. I will show, however, that local solidarities performed in clapping rituals led to the regeneration of national imaginaries via the symbols on display and the national institut…
Steve Fenton, 1942–2025
Just how rooted is Grounded Nationalisms
Grounded Nationalisms provides its readers with a clear, cogent, and comprehensive theory for understanding nationalism in its many evolving forms. Maleševič presents us with a flexible yet durable nationalism; a nationalism that can and does assume multiple forms precisely because it is grounded in its more stable organisations, ideologies, and interactions. His is a theory for the mechanics of nationalism, its machinery – the processes and prac…
Banal Nationalism in everyday life
Introduction: Everyday nationalism's evidence problem
The edges of the nation: A Research Agenda for Uncovering the Taken‐for‐granted Foundations of Everyday Nationhood
In many parts of the world, nationalism has gone underground. It's there, just beneath the surface, underpinning the social order without requiring, or even permitting, much tinkering. This is the realm of the unselfconscious: nationhood not as an object of purposeful manipulation, but as an unspoken set of assumptions about the national order of things. But if the nation is unseen, unheard, unnoticed, how do we know this? Indeed, how can we know…
Pathological integration, or, how E ast E uropeans use racism to become B ritish
East Europeans are integrating into life in the UK. This entails learning to get along with their new neighbours, but it also involves not getting along with certain neighbours. Integration is not confined to benevolent forms of everyday cosmopolitanism, multiculturalism and conviviality; it can also include more pathological forms, like racism. Whilst integration is generally seen as desirable, the learning that it entails necessarily includes l…
Debate on understanding national identity by David McCrone and Frank Bechhofer
No book in recent memory has provided such a comprehensive overview of the multiple contents and variable contexts of national identity than David McCrone and Frank Bechhofer's Understanding National Identity (2015).The book's focus is on Scottish, English, and British national identities, but the diverse methods it employs and the theoretical insights it generates resonate far beyond these narrower empirical confines.The book is the culmination …
Stretching communities of value downward, sideways and forward
East-European immigrants responding to the recession in Britain: Is There a Trade-Off Between Unemployment and Over-Qualification
Most studies demonstrating the vulnerability of labour migrants following the recession have focused on unemployment. This article examines how the labour market performance of East-European workers in the U.K. has been affected by the recession by focussing on four possible employment outcomes: unemployment, self-employment, over-qualification and part-time jobs. By showing the relatively low rates of unemployment amongst East-European migrants,…
Denying Discrimination: Status, ‘Race’, and the Whitening of Britain's New Europeans
There is mounting evidence to suggest that East European migrants in the UK have been victims of discrimination. Reports of pay gaps point to the possibility of structural discrimination, restrictions on employment operate as a kind of legal discrimination, and politicians and the media have constructed East European migrants as different and at times threatening. The Hungarians and Romanians we spoke with in Bristol also reported some discrimina…
Mainstreaming of Racist Anti-Roma Discourses in the Media in Hungary
The article focuses on the rise and spread of racist language in public debate in Hungary. It investigates how radical right discourses—that is, the relegitimating of the racist idea of “Gypsy crime”—have been transmitted by the mainstream media thus contributing to the decline of a short-lived political correctness in Hungary. The analysis explores how racism has become more and more accepted and how the mainstream has embraced the radical right…
The uses of racism: Whitewashing new Europeans in the UK
In many respects, recent East European migrants in the UK look like past migrants to the UK: they left poorer parts of the world in search of work and the better life in the UK. But in other respects, they look different: they are white. Their putative whiteness, however, has not exempted them from the effects of racism. But while there is growing evidence of how they have been targets of racism, less attention has been focused on how they are al…
No smoke without fire: Strategies of coping with stigmatised migrant identities
This paper examines how ethnicity informs the ways in which Romanian migrants in the UK cope with stigmatisation. Instead of assuming ethnicity’s relevance, our purpose is to examine how responses to stigmatisation may or may not become ethnicised. We consider two strategies. The first strategy invokes and reinforces the salience of ethnicity, albeit in a negative and thus still stigmatised way. Instead of countering stigma with a positive reappr…
Migration, everyday life and the ethnicity bias
The purpose of this special issue is to examine how diverse perspectives on difference are experienced and enacted by ordinary people in the everyday contexts of migration. Ethno-cultural interpretations of difference have come to be seen as inextricably linked with migration in political rhetoric, policy prescriptions, media coverage and institutional structures. Ethnicity is the ongoing product of migratory processes that give it both form and …
The Racialization of the New European Migration to the UK
The purpose of our article is to examine how current East European migration to the UK has been racialized in immigration policy and tabloid journalism. The state’s immigration policy, we argue, exhibits features of institutionalized racism that implicitly invokes shared whiteness as a basis of racialized inclusion. The tabloids, in contrast, tend toward cultural racism in their coverage of these migrations by explicitly invoking cultural differe…
Of colours and scales
Backdoor Nationalism
Contrary to expectations, the EU's eastward expansion in 2004 did not sound the death knoll of nationalism in the region; rather, it signalled its reinvention and, in some respects, reinvigoration. In this paper, we examine three ways in which nationalism has been redefined in Hungary and Poland in the context of EU enlargement. First, consensus on the desirability of European unification has lessened the importance of left/right party divisions;…
The `here and now' of everyday nationhood
International audience
Everyday nationhood
Examines nationalism 'from below' in an exploration of four ways that nationhood is produced & reproduced in everyday life. The process by which the nation is constituted & legitimated as a discursive construct through 'talking the nation' is described, along with ways that nationhood frames the choices that citizens make ('choosing the nation'). The everyday meanings & invocations of national symbols constitute 'performing the nation,' while 'co…
Defining Nations in Asia and Europe: A Comparative Analysis of Ethnic Return Migration Policy
We argue that regional comparison of East Asian and European ethnic return migration policy offers important new perspectives on nationhood, nondiscrimination norms, and trans-nationality. We find that despite international nondiscrimination norms, preferential ethnic return policy is common in both regions. These policies at least implicitly define the nation as existing across borders. However, there are significant regional differences. East A…
From national inclusion to economic exclusion: Ethnic Hungarian labour migration to Hungary
Over the past fifteen years, Hungarian nationalists have been redefining membership in the Hungarian nation to include all Hungarians in the region, irrespective of citizenship. This deterritorialised notion of the nation has been given increased discursive and institutional legitimacy. But ethnic Hungarians from Romania who have gone to Hungary in search of work have not discovered national unity. Rather, the vision of national inclusion preferr…
The Sociology of Ethnicity - By S. Malešević
Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian Town
Everyday nationhood
Examines nationalism 'from below' in an exploration of four ways that nationhood is produced & reproduced in everyday life. The process by which the nation is constituted & legitimated as a discursive construct through 'talking the nation' is described, along with ways that nationhood frames the choices that citizens make ('choosing the nation'). The everyday meanings & invocations of national symbols constitute 'performing the nation,' while 'co…
The Racialization of the New European Migration to the UK
The purpose of our article is to examine how current East European migration to the UK has been racialized in immigration policy and tabloid journalism. The state’s immigration policy, we argue, exhibits features of institutionalized racism that implicitly invokes shared whiteness as a basis of racialized inclusion. The tabloids, in contrast, tend toward cultural racism in their coverage of these migrations by explicitly invoking cultural differe…
The edges of the nation: A Research Agenda for Uncovering the Taken‐for‐granted Foundations of Everyday Nationhood
In many parts of the world, nationalism has gone underground. It's there, just beneath the surface, underpinning the social order without requiring, or even permitting, much tinkering. This is the realm of the unselfconscious: nationhood not as an object of purposeful manipulation, but as an unspoken set of assumptions about the national order of things. But if the nation is unseen, unheard, unnoticed, how do we know this? Indeed, how can we know…
The uses of racism: Whitewashing new Europeans in the UK
In many respects, recent East European migrants in the UK look like past migrants to the UK: they left poorer parts of the world in search of work and the better life in the UK. But in other respects, they look different: they are white. Their putative whiteness, however, has not exempted them from the effects of racism. But while there is growing evidence of how they have been targets of racism, less attention has been focused on how they are al…
Consuming the nation: Holidays, sports, and the production of collective belonging
The purpose of this article is to explain how Romanian and Hungarian university students in the ethnically mixed town of Cluj, Romania, experience and constitute collective national belonging at national holiday commemorations and international football competitions. Holidays and sports are important venues for the propagation of national, and sometimes nationalist, sensitivities. But neither the resurgence of nationalist politics in post-communi…
No smoke without fire: Strategies of coping with stigmatised migrant identities
This paper examines how ethnicity informs the ways in which Romanian migrants in the UK cope with stigmatisation. Instead of assuming ethnicity’s relevance, our purpose is to examine how responses to stigmatisation may or may not become ethnicised. We consider two strategies. The first strategy invokes and reinforces the salience of ethnicity, albeit in a negative and thus still stigmatised way. Instead of countering stigma with a positive reappr…
Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian Town
Defining Nations in Asia and Europe: A Comparative Analysis of Ethnic Return Migration Policy
We argue that regional comparison of East Asian and European ethnic return migration policy offers important new perspectives on nationhood, nondiscrimination norms, and trans-nationality. We find that despite international nondiscrimination norms, preferential ethnic return policy is common in both regions. These policies at least implicitly define the nation as existing across borders. However, there are significant regional differences. East A…
Denying Discrimination: Status, ‘Race’, and the Whitening of Britain's New Europeans
There is mounting evidence to suggest that East European migrants in the UK have been victims of discrimination. Reports of pay gaps point to the possibility of structural discrimination, restrictions on employment operate as a kind of legal discrimination, and politicians and the media have constructed East European migrants as different and at times threatening. The Hungarians and Romanians we spoke with in Bristol also reported some discrimina…
Migration, everyday life and the ethnicity bias
The purpose of this special issue is to examine how diverse perspectives on difference are experienced and enacted by ordinary people in the everyday contexts of migration. Ethno-cultural interpretations of difference have come to be seen as inextricably linked with migration in political rhetoric, policy prescriptions, media coverage and institutional structures. Ethnicity is the ongoing product of migratory processes that give it both form and …
The `here and now' of everyday nationhood
International audience
Introduction: Everyday nationalism's evidence problem
Pathological integration, or, how E ast E uropeans use racism to become B ritish
East Europeans are integrating into life in the UK. This entails learning to get along with their new neighbours, but it also involves not getting along with certain neighbours. Integration is not confined to benevolent forms of everyday cosmopolitanism, multiculturalism and conviviality; it can also include more pathological forms, like racism. Whilst integration is generally seen as desirable, the learning that it entails necessarily includes l…
Missing the Mark: Nationalist Politics and Student Apathy
Nationalist politics is widely recognized as a key site for the articulation, legitimation, and propagation of a national view of the world. But the effectiveness of nationalist politics in advancing this view ultimately rests upon the uses ordinary people make of it. Popular reception, however, is more often assumed than specified in the literature on nationalism. In this article, I identify the ways in which Romanian and Hungarian university st…
From national inclusion to economic exclusion: Ethnic Hungarian labour migration to Hungary
Over the past fifteen years, Hungarian nationalists have been redefining membership in the Hungarian nation to include all Hungarians in the region, irrespective of citizenship. This deterritorialised notion of the nation has been given increased discursive and institutional legitimacy. But ethnic Hungarians from Romania who have gone to Hungary in search of work have not discovered national unity. Rather, the vision of national inclusion preferr…
Banal Nationalism in everyday life
Mainstreaming of Racist Anti-Roma Discourses in the Media in Hungary
The article focuses on the rise and spread of racist language in public debate in Hungary. It investigates how radical right discourses—that is, the relegitimating of the racist idea of “Gypsy crime”—have been transmitted by the mainstream media thus contributing to the decline of a short-lived political correctness in Hungary. The analysis explores how racism has become more and more accepted and how the mainstream has embraced the radical right…
East-European immigrants responding to the recession in Britain: Is There a Trade-Off Between Unemployment and Over-Qualification
Most studies demonstrating the vulnerability of labour migrants following the recession have focused on unemployment. This article examines how the labour market performance of East-European workers in the U.K. has been affected by the recession by focussing on four possible employment outcomes: unemployment, self-employment, over-qualification and part-time jobs. By showing the relatively low rates of unemployment amongst East-European migrants,…
Backdoor Nationalism
Contrary to expectations, the EU's eastward expansion in 2004 did not sound the death knoll of nationalism in the region; rather, it signalled its reinvention and, in some respects, reinvigoration. In this paper, we examine three ways in which nationalism has been redefined in Hungary and Poland in the context of EU enlargement. First, consensus on the desirability of European unification has lessened the importance of left/right party divisions;…
National identities on the move: Transylvanian Hungarian labour migrants in Hungary
Since 1990, the temporary labour migration of ethnic Hungarians from the Transylvanian region of Romania has provided a context for the emergence of new and distinctly national modes of self-understanding. In this paper I develop a three-part analytical framework to examine the ways in which migration is conducive to the transformation and dissemination of changing national identities. First, I argue that host countries for all migrants (includin…
Debate on understanding national identity by David McCrone and Frank Bechhofer
No book in recent memory has provided such a comprehensive overview of the multiple contents and variable contexts of national identity than David McCrone and Frank Bechhofer's Understanding National Identity (2015).The book's focus is on Scottish, English, and British national identities, but the diverse methods it employs and the theoretical insights it generates resonate far beyond these narrower empirical confines.The book is the culmination …
Of colours and scales
Clapping the nation, or, from a global pandemic to national imaginaries via local solidarities
In the early days of the COVID‐19 pandemic, people in England stepped outside their doors once a week to clap the National Health Service. What does this have to do with nationalism? On the face of it, nothing much: clapping exercised local, and not, national solidarities. I will show, however, that local solidarities performed in clapping rituals led to the regeneration of national imaginaries via the symbols on display and the national institut…
National identities on the move: Transylvanian Hungarian labour migrants in Hungary
Since 1990, the temporary labour migration of ethnic Hungarians from the Transylvanian region of Romania has provided a context for the emergence of new and distinctly national modes of self-understanding. In this paper I develop a three-part analytical framework to examine the ways in which migration is conducive to the transformation and dissemination of changing national identities. First, I argue that host countries for all migrants (includin…
Missing the Mark: Nationalist Politics and Student Apathy
Nationalist politics is widely recognized as a key site for the articulation, legitimation, and propagation of a national view of the world. But the effectiveness of nationalist politics in advancing this view ultimately rests upon the uses ordinary people make of it. Popular reception, however, is more often assumed than specified in the literature on nationalism. In this article, I identify the ways in which Romanian and Hungarian university st…
Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian Town
Consuming the nation: Holidays, sports, and the production of collective belonging
The purpose of this article is to explain how Romanian and Hungarian university students in the ethnically mixed town of Cluj, Romania, experience and constitute collective national belonging at national holiday commemorations and international football competitions. Holidays and sports are important venues for the propagation of national, and sometimes nationalist, sensitivities. But neither the resurgence of nationalist politics in post-communi…
Defining Nations in Asia and Europe: A Comparative Analysis of Ethnic Return Migration Policy
We argue that regional comparison of East Asian and European ethnic return migration policy offers important new perspectives on nationhood, nondiscrimination norms, and trans-nationality. We find that despite international nondiscrimination norms, preferential ethnic return policy is common in both regions. These policies at least implicitly define the nation as existing across borders. However, there are significant regional differences. East A…
From national inclusion to economic exclusion: Ethnic Hungarian labour migration to Hungary
Over the past fifteen years, Hungarian nationalists have been redefining membership in the Hungarian nation to include all Hungarians in the region, irrespective of citizenship. This deterritorialised notion of the nation has been given increased discursive and institutional legitimacy. But ethnic Hungarians from Romania who have gone to Hungary in search of work have not discovered national unity. Rather, the vision of national inclusion preferr…
The Sociology of Ethnicity - By S. Malešević
The `here and now' of everyday nationhood
International audience
Everyday nationhood
Examines nationalism 'from below' in an exploration of four ways that nationhood is produced & reproduced in everyday life. The process by which the nation is constituted & legitimated as a discursive construct through 'talking the nation' is described, along with ways that nationhood frames the choices that citizens make ('choosing the nation'). The everyday meanings & invocations of national symbols constitute 'performing the nation,' while 'co…
Backdoor Nationalism
Contrary to expectations, the EU's eastward expansion in 2004 did not sound the death knoll of nationalism in the region; rather, it signalled its reinvention and, in some respects, reinvigoration. In this paper, we examine three ways in which nationalism has been redefined in Hungary and Poland in the context of EU enlargement. First, consensus on the desirability of European unification has lessened the importance of left/right party divisions;…
The Racialization of the New European Migration to the UK
The purpose of our article is to examine how current East European migration to the UK has been racialized in immigration policy and tabloid journalism. The state’s immigration policy, we argue, exhibits features of institutionalized racism that implicitly invokes shared whiteness as a basis of racialized inclusion. The tabloids, in contrast, tend toward cultural racism in their coverage of these migrations by explicitly invoking cultural differe…
Of colours and scales
The uses of racism: Whitewashing new Europeans in the UK
In many respects, recent East European migrants in the UK look like past migrants to the UK: they left poorer parts of the world in search of work and the better life in the UK. But in other respects, they look different: they are white. Their putative whiteness, however, has not exempted them from the effects of racism. But while there is growing evidence of how they have been targets of racism, less attention has been focused on how they are al…
No smoke without fire: Strategies of coping with stigmatised migrant identities
This paper examines how ethnicity informs the ways in which Romanian migrants in the UK cope with stigmatisation. Instead of assuming ethnicity’s relevance, our purpose is to examine how responses to stigmatisation may or may not become ethnicised. We consider two strategies. The first strategy invokes and reinforces the salience of ethnicity, albeit in a negative and thus still stigmatised way. Instead of countering stigma with a positive reappr…
Migration, everyday life and the ethnicity bias
The purpose of this special issue is to examine how diverse perspectives on difference are experienced and enacted by ordinary people in the everyday contexts of migration. Ethno-cultural interpretations of difference have come to be seen as inextricably linked with migration in political rhetoric, policy prescriptions, media coverage and institutional structures. Ethnicity is the ongoing product of migratory processes that give it both form and …
Mainstreaming of Racist Anti-Roma Discourses in the Media in Hungary
The article focuses on the rise and spread of racist language in public debate in Hungary. It investigates how radical right discourses—that is, the relegitimating of the racist idea of “Gypsy crime”—have been transmitted by the mainstream media thus contributing to the decline of a short-lived political correctness in Hungary. The analysis explores how racism has become more and more accepted and how the mainstream has embraced the radical right…
Denying Discrimination: Status, ‘Race’, and the Whitening of Britain's New Europeans
There is mounting evidence to suggest that East European migrants in the UK have been victims of discrimination. Reports of pay gaps point to the possibility of structural discrimination, restrictions on employment operate as a kind of legal discrimination, and politicians and the media have constructed East European migrants as different and at times threatening. The Hungarians and Romanians we spoke with in Bristol also reported some discrimina…
East-European immigrants responding to the recession in Britain: Is There a Trade-Off Between Unemployment and Over-Qualification
Most studies demonstrating the vulnerability of labour migrants following the recession have focused on unemployment. This article examines how the labour market performance of East-European workers in the U.K. has been affected by the recession by focussing on four possible employment outcomes: unemployment, self-employment, over-qualification and part-time jobs. By showing the relatively low rates of unemployment amongst East-European migrants,…
The edges of the nation: A Research Agenda for Uncovering the Taken‐for‐granted Foundations of Everyday Nationhood
In many parts of the world, nationalism has gone underground. It's there, just beneath the surface, underpinning the social order without requiring, or even permitting, much tinkering. This is the realm of the unselfconscious: nationhood not as an object of purposeful manipulation, but as an unspoken set of assumptions about the national order of things. But if the nation is unseen, unheard, unnoticed, how do we know this? Indeed, how can we know…
Pathological integration, or, how E ast E uropeans use racism to become B ritish
East Europeans are integrating into life in the UK. This entails learning to get along with their new neighbours, but it also involves not getting along with certain neighbours. Integration is not confined to benevolent forms of everyday cosmopolitanism, multiculturalism and conviviality; it can also include more pathological forms, like racism. Whilst integration is generally seen as desirable, the learning that it entails necessarily includes l…
Debate on understanding national identity by David McCrone and Frank Bechhofer
No book in recent memory has provided such a comprehensive overview of the multiple contents and variable contexts of national identity than David McCrone and Frank Bechhofer's Understanding National Identity (2015).The book's focus is on Scottish, English, and British national identities, but the diverse methods it employs and the theoretical insights it generates resonate far beyond these narrower empirical confines.The book is the culmination …
Stretching communities of value downward, sideways and forward
Banal Nationalism in everyday life
Introduction: Everyday nationalism's evidence problem
Just how rooted is Grounded Nationalisms
Grounded Nationalisms provides its readers with a clear, cogent, and comprehensive theory for understanding nationalism in its many evolving forms. Maleševič presents us with a flexible yet durable nationalism; a nationalism that can and does assume multiple forms precisely because it is grounded in its more stable organisations, ideologies, and interactions. His is a theory for the mechanics of nationalism, its machinery – the processes and prac…
Sociology (23 works) · Political science (22 works) · Law (18 works) · Politics (15 works) · Gender Studies (14 works) · Law (11 works) · Migration, Refugees, and Integration (11 works) · Gender Studies (10 works) · Nationalism (9 works) · Diaspora, migration, transnational identity (8 works)