Krishna D Rao
Biographic Data
| ID | 1262719 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Krishna D Rao |
| GIVEN NAMES | Krishna D |
| FAMILY NAME | Rao |
| SIGNATURE | RAO K D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Johns Hopkins University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9347-3648 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 182 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Are village health councils advancing health equity? A case from the northeastern region of India
Despite global commitments to Universal Health Coverage (UHC), nearly 4.5 billion people remain without adequate health coverage. India’s UHC index stands at 43.9% with significant disparities across districts. Policy commitments alone cannot ensure positive health outcomes without community engagement. In Meghalaya, Village Health Councils (VHCs) serve as critical links between the state health system and community members to promote positive he…
Identifying competencies of primary health care teams in Bhavnagar district, Gujarat
Primary healthcare (PHC) services provided by multi-disciplinary teams is essential for delivering comprehensive, integrated health services. PHC policies in many low- and middle-income countries emphasize team-based approaches. While competencies (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) of specific health worker cadres have been identified, collective competencies of PHC teams have not been examined. Knowing these competencies will inform development …
Use of public primary care facilities, economic development, and the health service transition
Background: Many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have large networks of public primary care facilities (PCF) to provide affordable and quality health services close to communities. Public PCFs are expected to serve as the principal source of primary care. This study documents the extent to which public PCFs are used for illnesses treatable at the primary care level, and investigates the association between public PCF use, economic develo…
Bending the curve
Addressing the World Health Organization’s noncommunicable disease (NCD) “best buys” is key to reducing the disease burden in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Yet, the potential impact of addressing NCD risk factors on current health expenditures (CHE) in LAC countries is unknown. This study uses both Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data and administrative information to model the impact of addressing four risk factors on CHE trends for 24 L…
Implementing large-scale primary health care workforce reforms
Voting with their feet
Expanding networks of government primary health centers (PHCs) to bring health services closer to communities is a longstanding policy objective in LMICs. In pluralistic health systems, where public and private providers compete for patients, PHCs are often not the preferred source for care. This study analyzes the market for primary care services in the Indian state of Bihar to understand how choice of primary care provider is influenced by dist…
Improving quality of non-communicable disease services at primary care facilities in middle-income countries
Barriers to effective hypertension management in rural Bihar, India
Effective management of hypertension in low- and middle-income settings is a persistent public health challenge. This study examined supply- and demand-side barriers to receiving quality care and achieving effective hypertension management in rural Bihar, India. A state-representative household survey collected information from adults over 30 years of age on characteristics of the hypertension screening, diagnosis, and management services they re…
Building the health-economic case for scaling up the WHO-HEARTS hypertension control package in low- and middle-income countries
Generally, hypertension control programs are cost-effective, including in low- and middle-income countries, but country governments and civil society are not likely to support hypertension control programs unless value is demonstrated in terms of public health benefits, budget impact, and value-for-investment for the individual country context. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) established a stand…
Does social capital increase healthcare financing's projection? Results from the rural household of Uttar Pradesh, India
In the absence of adequate social security, out-of-pocket health expenditure compels households to adopt coping strategies, such as utilizing savings, selling assets, or acquiring external financial support (EFS) by borrowing with interest. Households' probability of acquiring EFS and its amount (intensity) depends on its social capital - the nature of social relationships and resources embedded within social networks. This study examines the eff…
Effectiveness of hospital payment reforms in low- and middle-income countries
Payment mechanisms have attracted substantial research interest because of their consequent effect on care outcomes, including treatment costs, admission and readmission rates and patient satisfaction. Those mechanisms create the incentive environment within which health workers operate and can influence provider behaviour in ways that can facilitate achievement of national health policy goals. This systematic review aims to understand the effect…
Health equity and Covid-19
The COVID-19 is disproportionally affecting the poor, minorities and a broad range of vulnerable populations, due to its inequitable spread in areas of dense population and limited mitigation capacity due to high prevalence of chronic conditions or poor access to high quality public health and medical care. Moreover, the collateral effects of the pandemic due to the global economic downturn, and social isolation and movement restriction measures,…
Not just money
INTRODUCTION: Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have become an important policy tool for increasing demand for key maternal and child health services in low/middle-income countries. Yet, these programs have had variable success in increasing service use. Understanding beneficiary preferences for design features of CCTs can increase program effectiveness. METHODS: We conducted a Discrete choice experiment in two districts of Uttar Pradesh, India i…
In-service nurse mentoring in 2020, the year of the nurse and the midwife
In-service nurse mentoring is increasingly seen as a way to strengthen the quality of health care in rural areas, where healthworkers are scarce. Despite this, the evidence base for designing large-scale programs remains relatively thin. In this capacity-building article, we reflect on the limited evidence that exists and introduce features of the world's largest program, run by CARE-India since 2015. Detail on the mechanics of large-scale progra…
Social capital and utilization of immunization service
The National Health Policy (2017) of India advocates Universal Health Coverage through inclusive growth, decentralization, and rebuilding a cohesive community through a participatory process. To achieve this goal, understanding social organization, and community relationships - defined as social capital - is critical. This study aimed to explore the influence of individual and community-level social capital on a critical health system performance…
What do we know about community-based health worker programs? A systematic review of existing reviews on community health workers
Contracting-out primary health care services in Tanzania towards UHC
Tanzania's central government needs to further develop the technical and financial capacity necessary to better support districts in establishing and financing contractual agreements with NSPs for primary health care services. Furthermore, forums for continuous dialogue between the government and contracted NSPs should be fostered in order to clarify the expectations of all parties and resolve any misunderstandings
Factors influencing performance by contracted non-state providers implementing a basic package of health services in Afghanistan
Three sets of factors influenced the implementation of the BPHS: contextual, contractual and institutional. The MoPH should consider all of these factors when contracting out the BPHS and other functions to NSPs. Other fragile states and countries emerging from a period of conflict could learn from Afghanistan's example in contracting out primary health care services, keeping in mind that generic or universal contracting policies might not work i…
Contracting non-state providers for universal health coverage
For countries with a sizeable NSP sector, making full use of the available human and other resources by contracting NSPs and appropriately managing them, offers an important way for expanding coverage of publicly financed health services and moving towards universal health coverage
Quality of clinical care and bypassing of primary health centers in India
Medical pluralism and cross practice in India
Which doctor for primary health care? Quality of care and non-physician clinicians in India
Human resources for health in India
Research Synthesis
The effect of wealth status on care seeking and health expenditures in Afghanistan
Health Policy & Planning volume 24 number 1 January 2009 pp. Important contributions to the collection, processing and analysis of data were provided by team members, including Aneesa Arur, Stan Becker, Vikas Dwivedi, Anbrasi Edward, SD Gupta, Shivam Gupta, Dr Haseeb, Dr Ismail, Maureen Mayhew, Ayan Ahmed Noor, Melissa Opryszko, John Safapour, N K Sharma, Lakhwinder P Singh, Sandhya Sundaram, Kavitha Viswanathan, Earl Wall and other staff. We als…
Research Synthesis
Which doctor for primary health care? Quality of care and non-physician clinicians in India
Quality of clinical care and bypassing of primary health centers in India
Voting with their feet
Expanding networks of government primary health centers (PHCs) to bring health services closer to communities is a longstanding policy objective in LMICs. In pluralistic health systems, where public and private providers compete for patients, PHCs are often not the preferred source for care. This study analyzes the market for primary care services in the Indian state of Bihar to understand how choice of primary care provider is influenced by dist…
The effect of wealth status on care seeking and health expenditures in Afghanistan
Health Policy & Planning volume 24 number 1 January 2009 pp. Important contributions to the collection, processing and analysis of data were provided by team members, including Aneesa Arur, Stan Becker, Vikas Dwivedi, Anbrasi Edward, SD Gupta, Shivam Gupta, Dr Haseeb, Dr Ismail, Maureen Mayhew, Ayan Ahmed Noor, Melissa Opryszko, John Safapour, N K Sharma, Lakhwinder P Singh, Sandhya Sundaram, Kavitha Viswanathan, Earl Wall and other staff. We als…
Research Synthesis
Human resources for health in India
Which doctor for primary health care? Quality of care and non-physician clinicians in India
Medical pluralism and cross practice in India
What do we know about community-based health worker programs? A systematic review of existing reviews on community health workers
Contracting-out primary health care services in Tanzania towards UHC
Tanzania's central government needs to further develop the technical and financial capacity necessary to better support districts in establishing and financing contractual agreements with NSPs for primary health care services. Furthermore, forums for continuous dialogue between the government and contracted NSPs should be fostered in order to clarify the expectations of all parties and resolve any misunderstandings
Factors influencing performance by contracted non-state providers implementing a basic package of health services in Afghanistan
Three sets of factors influenced the implementation of the BPHS: contextual, contractual and institutional. The MoPH should consider all of these factors when contracting out the BPHS and other functions to NSPs. Other fragile states and countries emerging from a period of conflict could learn from Afghanistan's example in contracting out primary health care services, keeping in mind that generic or universal contracting policies might not work i…
Contracting non-state providers for universal health coverage
For countries with a sizeable NSP sector, making full use of the available human and other resources by contracting NSPs and appropriately managing them, offers an important way for expanding coverage of publicly financed health services and moving towards universal health coverage
Quality of clinical care and bypassing of primary health centers in India
Health equity and Covid-19
The COVID-19 is disproportionally affecting the poor, minorities and a broad range of vulnerable populations, due to its inequitable spread in areas of dense population and limited mitigation capacity due to high prevalence of chronic conditions or poor access to high quality public health and medical care. Moreover, the collateral effects of the pandemic due to the global economic downturn, and social isolation and movement restriction measures,…
Not just money
INTRODUCTION: Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have become an important policy tool for increasing demand for key maternal and child health services in low/middle-income countries. Yet, these programs have had variable success in increasing service use. Understanding beneficiary preferences for design features of CCTs can increase program effectiveness. METHODS: We conducted a Discrete choice experiment in two districts of Uttar Pradesh, India i…
In-service nurse mentoring in 2020, the year of the nurse and the midwife
In-service nurse mentoring is increasingly seen as a way to strengthen the quality of health care in rural areas, where healthworkers are scarce. Despite this, the evidence base for designing large-scale programs remains relatively thin. In this capacity-building article, we reflect on the limited evidence that exists and introduce features of the world's largest program, run by CARE-India since 2015. Detail on the mechanics of large-scale progra…
Social capital and utilization of immunization service
The National Health Policy (2017) of India advocates Universal Health Coverage through inclusive growth, decentralization, and rebuilding a cohesive community through a participatory process. To achieve this goal, understanding social organization, and community relationships - defined as social capital - is critical. This study aimed to explore the influence of individual and community-level social capital on a critical health system performance…
Does social capital increase healthcare financing's projection? Results from the rural household of Uttar Pradesh, India
In the absence of adequate social security, out-of-pocket health expenditure compels households to adopt coping strategies, such as utilizing savings, selling assets, or acquiring external financial support (EFS) by borrowing with interest. Households' probability of acquiring EFS and its amount (intensity) depends on its social capital - the nature of social relationships and resources embedded within social networks. This study examines the eff…
Effectiveness of hospital payment reforms in low- and middle-income countries
Payment mechanisms have attracted substantial research interest because of their consequent effect on care outcomes, including treatment costs, admission and readmission rates and patient satisfaction. Those mechanisms create the incentive environment within which health workers operate and can influence provider behaviour in ways that can facilitate achievement of national health policy goals. This systematic review aims to understand the effect…
Barriers to effective hypertension management in rural Bihar, India
Effective management of hypertension in low- and middle-income settings is a persistent public health challenge. This study examined supply- and demand-side barriers to receiving quality care and achieving effective hypertension management in rural Bihar, India. A state-representative household survey collected information from adults over 30 years of age on characteristics of the hypertension screening, diagnosis, and management services they re…
Building the health-economic case for scaling up the WHO-HEARTS hypertension control package in low- and middle-income countries
Generally, hypertension control programs are cost-effective, including in low- and middle-income countries, but country governments and civil society are not likely to support hypertension control programs unless value is demonstrated in terms of public health benefits, budget impact, and value-for-investment for the individual country context. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) established a stand…
Improving quality of non-communicable disease services at primary care facilities in middle-income countries
Voting with their feet
Expanding networks of government primary health centers (PHCs) to bring health services closer to communities is a longstanding policy objective in LMICs. In pluralistic health systems, where public and private providers compete for patients, PHCs are often not the preferred source for care. This study analyzes the market for primary care services in the Indian state of Bihar to understand how choice of primary care provider is influenced by dist…
Bending the curve
Addressing the World Health Organization’s noncommunicable disease (NCD) “best buys” is key to reducing the disease burden in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Yet, the potential impact of addressing NCD risk factors on current health expenditures (CHE) in LAC countries is unknown. This study uses both Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data and administrative information to model the impact of addressing four risk factors on CHE trends for 24 L…
Implementing large-scale primary health care workforce reforms
Are village health councils advancing health equity? A case from the northeastern region of India
Despite global commitments to Universal Health Coverage (UHC), nearly 4.5 billion people remain without adequate health coverage. India’s UHC index stands at 43.9% with significant disparities across districts. Policy commitments alone cannot ensure positive health outcomes without community engagement. In Meghalaya, Village Health Councils (VHCs) serve as critical links between the state health system and community members to promote positive he…
Identifying competencies of primary health care teams in Bhavnagar district, Gujarat
Primary healthcare (PHC) services provided by multi-disciplinary teams is essential for delivering comprehensive, integrated health services. PHC policies in many low- and middle-income countries emphasize team-based approaches. While competencies (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) of specific health worker cadres have been identified, collective competencies of PHC teams have not been examined. Knowing these competencies will inform development …
Use of public primary care facilities, economic development, and the health service transition
Background: Many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have large networks of public primary care facilities (PCF) to provide affordable and quality health services close to communities. Public PCFs are expected to serve as the principal source of primary care. This study documents the extent to which public PCFs are used for illnesses treatable at the primary care level, and investigates the association between public PCF use, economic develo…
Medicine (16 works) · Healthcare Systems and Reforms (14 works) · Global Maternal and Child Health (11 works) · Health care (11 works) · Business (10 works) · Economic growth (10 works) · Nursing (10 works) · Public health (10 works) · Economics (9 works) · Political science (9 works)