Pär Anders Granhag
Biographic Data
| ID | 1262909 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Pär Anders Granhag |
| GIVEN NAMES | Pär Anders |
| FAMILY NAME | Granhag |
| SIGNATURE | GRANHAG P A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Gothenburg |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1856-925X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 12 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 41 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 12 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2005 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Using large language model–based artificial intelligence (AI) suspects to train strategic use of evidence
OBJECTIVE: The strategic use of evidence (SUE) is a technique that aims to improve the ability to differentiate between liars and truth-tellers. However, while theoretical training provides guidance on interview techniques, it lacks opportunities for practical application. HYPOTHESES: We created two large language model driven artificial intelligence (AI) suspects with whom participants could simulate interviews and hypothesized that these simula…
Increasing the disclosure of information from suspects in investigative interviews through brief training in the shift-of-strategy approach
The Shift-of-Strategy (SoS) approach is a recently developed interviewing technique designed to encourage semi-cooperative suspects to disclose more information. The approach’s efficacy has previously been demonstrated in highly controlled laboratory studies where the SoS approach was implemented through semi-scripted protocols. The current study is the first to develop and evaluate a 2-hour training program designed to teach novice interviewers …
Advancing the Shift-of-Strategy approach
OBJECTIVE: Interviewers often face the challenge of obtaining information from suspects who are willing to speak but are motivated to conceal incriminating information. The Shift-of-Strategy (SoS) approach is an interviewing technique designed to obtain new information from such suspects. This study provides a robust empirical test of the SoS approach using more complex crime events and longer interviews than previously tested as well as testing …
Training Intelligence Officers to Detect Deception and Elicit Information
Researchers from psychology have proposed interrogation techniques that draw on established theoretical principles and empirical examinations and have tested these techniques using experimental methods. From this, they have inferred that technique A is more effective than technique B. But, to make a difference outside the laboratory, researchers must know if their proposed techniques can be taught to practitioners. And, if so, whether the new tec…
Perkins Operations
In the United States, it is permissible to place an undercover police officer in the jail cell with a suspect. This tactical move is rare and launched only for serious crimes, and it takes place before any charges have been filed. This tactic goes under the name of Perkins operations, from the case ruling that if an individual speaks freely to someone whom they believe is a fellow inmate it is allowed to take advantage of their misplaced trust (I…
Subjective likelihood and the construal level of future events
C. J. Wakslak, Y. Trope, N. Liberman, and R. Alony (2006) examined the effect of manipulating the likelihood of future events on level of construal (i.e., mental abstraction). Over 7 experiments, they consistently found that subjectively unlikely (vs. likely) future events were more abstractly (vs. concretely) construed. This well-cited, but understudied finding has had a major influence on the construal level theory (CLT) literature: Likelihood …
The Scharff Technique
‘‘What did he get out of me? There is no doubt in my mind that he did extract something, but I haven’t the slightest idea what.’’1 (Hubert Zemke) The quote setting the stage for this report is from U.S. Army Air Corps Colonel Hubert Zemke, one of the many World War II prisoners interrogated by Hanns Joachim Scharff (1907–1992). Scharff worked at the German Luftwaffe’s Intelligence and Evaluation Center (Auswertestelle West), where he interrogated…
Eliciting intelligence with the Scharff technique
The objective was to compare the efficacy of the Scharff technique (conceptualized as 5 tactics) with the direct approach (open and direct questions) as a means of eliciting intelligence from human sources.The interview techniques were used with 4 different types of sources varying in their levels of both cooperation and capability to provide information as follows: (a) less willing/less able, (b) less willing/ more able, (c) more willing/less ab…
Insightful or wishful
Lawyers’ litigation forecasts play an integral role in the justice system. In the course of litigation, lawyers constantly make strategic decisions and/or advise their clients on the basis of their perceptions and predictions of case outcomes. The study investigated the realism in predictions by a sample of attorneys (n=481) across the United States who specified a minimum goal to achieve in a case set for trial. They estimated their chances of m…
Pitfalls and Opportunities in Nonverbal and Verbal Lie Detection
The question of whether discernible differences exist between liars and truth tellers has interested professional lie detectors and laypersons for centuries. In this article we discuss whether people can detect lies when observing someone's nonverbal behavior or analyzing someone's speech. An article about detecting lies by observing nonverbal and verbal cues is overdue. Scientific journals regularly publish overviews of research articles regardi…
Police Interrogation from a Social Psychology Perspective
The interrogation of suspects is considered to be one of the most crucial stages in the investigative process. Cases of miscarriage of justice have led to public outcries for studies on the procedures, effectiveness and ethics of police interrogations. This article provides an overview of such studies of interrogation, and sheds light on two different interrogation techniques informed by a social psychological perspective. First, the effects of i…
Granting asylum or not? Migration board personnel's beliefs about deception
This study investigated beliefs about deception held by Swedish Migration Board personnel working with asylum cases (n=67), and by a control sample of students (n=69). A questionnaire including both closed and open-ended questions was used. The purpose was to achieve further understanding of Migration Board (MB) officers’ beliefs about deception as they assess reliability of individuals from different ethnic backgrounds. In the asylum process, ph…
Pitfalls and Opportunities in Nonverbal and Verbal Lie Detection
The question of whether discernible differences exist between liars and truth tellers has interested professional lie detectors and laypersons for centuries. In this article we discuss whether people can detect lies when observing someone's nonverbal behavior or analyzing someone's speech. An article about detecting lies by observing nonverbal and verbal cues is overdue. Scientific journals regularly publish overviews of research articles regardi…
Granting asylum or not? Migration board personnel's beliefs about deception
This study investigated beliefs about deception held by Swedish Migration Board personnel working with asylum cases (n=67), and by a control sample of students (n=69). A questionnaire including both closed and open-ended questions was used. The purpose was to achieve further understanding of Migration Board (MB) officers’ beliefs about deception as they assess reliability of individuals from different ethnic backgrounds. In the asylum process, ph…
Insightful or wishful
Lawyers’ litigation forecasts play an integral role in the justice system. In the course of litigation, lawyers constantly make strategic decisions and/or advise their clients on the basis of their perceptions and predictions of case outcomes. The study investigated the realism in predictions by a sample of attorneys (n=481) across the United States who specified a minimum goal to achieve in a case set for trial. They estimated their chances of m…
Eliciting intelligence with the Scharff technique
The objective was to compare the efficacy of the Scharff technique (conceptualized as 5 tactics) with the direct approach (open and direct questions) as a means of eliciting intelligence from human sources.The interview techniques were used with 4 different types of sources varying in their levels of both cooperation and capability to provide information as follows: (a) less willing/less able, (b) less willing/ more able, (c) more willing/less ab…
Police Interrogation from a Social Psychology Perspective
The interrogation of suspects is considered to be one of the most crucial stages in the investigative process. Cases of miscarriage of justice have led to public outcries for studies on the procedures, effectiveness and ethics of police interrogations. This article provides an overview of such studies of interrogation, and sheds light on two different interrogation techniques informed by a social psychological perspective. First, the effects of i…
Police Interrogation from a Social Psychology Perspective
The interrogation of suspects is considered to be one of the most crucial stages in the investigative process. Cases of miscarriage of justice have led to public outcries for studies on the procedures, effectiveness and ethics of police interrogations. This article provides an overview of such studies of interrogation, and sheds light on two different interrogation techniques informed by a social psychological perspective. First, the effects of i…
Granting asylum or not? Migration board personnel's beliefs about deception
This study investigated beliefs about deception held by Swedish Migration Board personnel working with asylum cases (n=67), and by a control sample of students (n=69). A questionnaire including both closed and open-ended questions was used. The purpose was to achieve further understanding of Migration Board (MB) officers’ beliefs about deception as they assess reliability of individuals from different ethnic backgrounds. In the asylum process, ph…
Insightful or wishful
Lawyers’ litigation forecasts play an integral role in the justice system. In the course of litigation, lawyers constantly make strategic decisions and/or advise their clients on the basis of their perceptions and predictions of case outcomes. The study investigated the realism in predictions by a sample of attorneys (n=481) across the United States who specified a minimum goal to achieve in a case set for trial. They estimated their chances of m…
Pitfalls and Opportunities in Nonverbal and Verbal Lie Detection
The question of whether discernible differences exist between liars and truth tellers has interested professional lie detectors and laypersons for centuries. In this article we discuss whether people can detect lies when observing someone's nonverbal behavior or analyzing someone's speech. An article about detecting lies by observing nonverbal and verbal cues is overdue. Scientific journals regularly publish overviews of research articles regardi…
Eliciting intelligence with the Scharff technique
The objective was to compare the efficacy of the Scharff technique (conceptualized as 5 tactics) with the direct approach (open and direct questions) as a means of eliciting intelligence from human sources.The interview techniques were used with 4 different types of sources varying in their levels of both cooperation and capability to provide information as follows: (a) less willing/less able, (b) less willing/ more able, (c) more willing/less ab…
The Scharff Technique
‘‘What did he get out of me? There is no doubt in my mind that he did extract something, but I haven’t the slightest idea what.’’1 (Hubert Zemke) The quote setting the stage for this report is from U.S. Army Air Corps Colonel Hubert Zemke, one of the many World War II prisoners interrogated by Hanns Joachim Scharff (1907–1992). Scharff worked at the German Luftwaffe’s Intelligence and Evaluation Center (Auswertestelle West), where he interrogated…
Subjective likelihood and the construal level of future events
C. J. Wakslak, Y. Trope, N. Liberman, and R. Alony (2006) examined the effect of manipulating the likelihood of future events on level of construal (i.e., mental abstraction). Over 7 experiments, they consistently found that subjectively unlikely (vs. likely) future events were more abstractly (vs. concretely) construed. This well-cited, but understudied finding has had a major influence on the construal level theory (CLT) literature: Likelihood …
Advancing the Shift-of-Strategy approach
OBJECTIVE: Interviewers often face the challenge of obtaining information from suspects who are willing to speak but are motivated to conceal incriminating information. The Shift-of-Strategy (SoS) approach is an interviewing technique designed to obtain new information from such suspects. This study provides a robust empirical test of the SoS approach using more complex crime events and longer interviews than previously tested as well as testing …
Training Intelligence Officers to Detect Deception and Elicit Information
Researchers from psychology have proposed interrogation techniques that draw on established theoretical principles and empirical examinations and have tested these techniques using experimental methods. From this, they have inferred that technique A is more effective than technique B. But, to make a difference outside the laboratory, researchers must know if their proposed techniques can be taught to practitioners. And, if so, whether the new tec…
Perkins Operations
In the United States, it is permissible to place an undercover police officer in the jail cell with a suspect. This tactical move is rare and launched only for serious crimes, and it takes place before any charges have been filed. This tactic goes under the name of Perkins operations, from the case ruling that if an individual speaks freely to someone whom they believe is a fellow inmate it is allowed to take advantage of their misplaced trust (I…
Using large language model–based artificial intelligence (AI) suspects to train strategic use of evidence
OBJECTIVE: The strategic use of evidence (SUE) is a technique that aims to improve the ability to differentiate between liars and truth-tellers. However, while theoretical training provides guidance on interview techniques, it lacks opportunities for practical application. HYPOTHESES: We created two large language model driven artificial intelligence (AI) suspects with whom participants could simulate interviews and hypothesized that these simula…
Increasing the disclosure of information from suspects in investigative interviews through brief training in the shift-of-strategy approach
The Shift-of-Strategy (SoS) approach is a recently developed interviewing technique designed to encourage semi-cooperative suspects to disclose more information. The approach’s efficacy has previously been demonstrated in highly controlled laboratory studies where the SoS approach was implemented through semi-scripted protocols. The current study is the first to develop and evaluate a 2-hour training program designed to teach novice interviewers …
Psychology (10 works) · Deception detection and forensic psychology (8 works) · Political science (7 works) · Law (6 works) · Social Psychology (6 works) · Applied Psychology (4 works) · Computer Science (4 works) · Criminology (4 works) · Intelligence, Security, War Strategy (4 works) · Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending (3 works)