Paul Egré
Biographic Data
| ID | 1272123 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Paul Egré |
| GIVEN NAMES | Paul |
| FAMILY NAME | Egré |
| SIGNATURE | EGRÉ P |
| AFFILIATIONS | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9114-7686 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 39 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 27 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Certain and Uncertain Inference with Indicative Conditionals
This paper develops a trivalent semantics for the truth conditions and the probability of the natural language indicative conditional. Our framework rests on trivalent truth conditions first proposed by Cooper (Citation1968) and Belnap (Citation1973) and it yields two logics of conditional reasoning: (i) a logic C of inference from certain premises; and (ii) a logic U of inference from uncertain premises. We show systematic correspondences betwee…
On the optimality of vagueness
Truth and Falsity in Buridan’s Bridge
Dictionnaire Claude Lévi-Strauss
Around “Around”
Tolerant reasoning
The principle of tolerance characteristic of vague predicates is sometimes presented as a soft rule, namely as a default which we can use in ordinary reasoning, but which requires care in order to avoid paradoxes. We focus on two ways in which the tolerance principle can be modeled in that spirit, using special consequence relations. The first approach relates tolerant reasoning to nontransitive reasoning; the second relates tolerant reasoning to…
From many-valued consequence to many-valued connectives
Revealing Criterial Vagueness in Inconsistencies
Sports) in each of two separate sessions. They were frequently inconsistent from one session to the next, both for nominal categories such as Sports and Fish, and ad hoc categories such as Things You Rescue from a Burning House. A mixture model analysis revealed that several of these inconsistencies could be attributed to criterial vagueness: participants adopting different criteria for membership in the two sessions. This finding indicates that …
Are Gaps Preferred to Gluts? A Closer Look at Borderline Contradictions
Typicality and Graded Membership in Dimensional Adjectives
This paper concerns an investigation of the manner in which typicality constrains graded membership in antonymous dimensional adjectives such as short/tall and cheap/expensive using the conceptual spaces framework. In this framework, items are organized in a space comprised of one or more dimensions along which they can be compared. The items' graded membership is established by their relative proximity in this space to the prototypical instances…
Subjectivity in gradable adjectives
We present an investigation of the ways in which speakers' subjective perspectives are likely to affect the meaning of gradable adjectives like tall or heavy . We present the results of a study showing that people tend to use themselves as a yardstick when ascribing these adjectives to human figures of varied measurements: subjects' height and weight requirements for applying tall and heavy are found to be positively correlated with their persona…
Vague judgment
Knowledge as de re true belief
La connaissance et ses raisons
Cet ouvrage est le produit des premiers travaux du Groupe de Recherche en Épistémologie (GRÉ), porté par Claudine Tiercelin au sein de la chaire de Métaphysique et philosophie de la connaissance du Collège de France. Les textes qui s’y trouvent réunis traitent de questions particulièrement discutées de l’épistémologie contemporaine, entendue comme élucidation philosophique de la nature de la connaissance, de sa valeur et de ses modalités, ainsi q…
Moral asymmetries and the semantics of "many"
We present the results of four experiments concerning the evaluations people make of sentences involving many, showing that two sentences of the form many As are Bs and many As are Cs need not be equivalent when evaluated relative to a background in which B and C have the same cardinality and proportion to A, but in which B and C are predicates with opposite semantic and affective values. The data provide evidence that subjects lower the standard…
A uniform semantics for embedded interrogatives
Borderline Cases, Incompatibilism, and Plurivaluationism
Explanation in Linguistics
The aim of the present paper is to understand what the notions of explanation and prediction in contemporary linguistics mean, and to compare various aspects that the notion of explanation encompasses in that domain. The paper is structured around an opposition between three main styles of explanation in linguistics, which I propose to call ‘grammatical’, ‘functional’, and ‘historical’. Most of this paper is a comparison between these different s…
Hyperintensionality and De Re Beliefs
Borel on the Heap
Identity, Leibniz's Law and Non-transitive Reasoning
Predicting moral judgments from causal judgments
Several factors have been put forward to explain the variability of moral judgments for superficially analogous moral dilemmas, in particular in the paradigm of trolley cases. In this paper we elaborate on Mikhail's view that (i) causal analysis is at the core of moral judgments and that (ii) causal judgments can be quantified by linguistic methods. According to this model, our moral judgments depend both on utilitarian considerations (whether po…
Knowing whether A or B
The paper examines the logic and semantics of knowledge attributions of the form “s knows whether A or B”. We analyze these constructions in an epistemic logic with alternative questions, and propose an account of the context-sensitivity of the corresponding sentences and of their presuppositions
Tolerant, Classical, Strict
In this paper we investigate a semantics for first-order logic originally proposed by R. van Rooij to account for the idea that vague predicates are tolerant, that is, for the principle that if x is P , then y should be P whenever y is similar enough to x . The semantics, which makes use of indifference relations to model similarity, rests on the interaction of three notions of truth: the classical notion, and two dual notions simultaneously defi…
If-Clauses and Probability Operators
Explanation in Linguistics
The aim of the present paper is to understand what the notions of explanation and prediction in contemporary linguistics mean, and to compare various aspects that the notion of explanation encompasses in that domain. The paper is structured around an opposition between three main styles of explanation in linguistics, which I propose to call ‘grammatical’, ‘functional’, and ‘historical’. Most of this paper is a comparison between these different s…
A uniform semantics for embedded interrogatives
Margin for error and the transparency of knowledge
Knowing whether A or B
The paper examines the logic and semantics of knowledge attributions of the form “s knows whether A or B”. We analyze these constructions in an epistemic logic with alternative questions, and propose an account of the context-sensitivity of the corresponding sentences and of their presuppositions
Vagueness, uncertainty and degrees of clarity
Tolerant reasoning
The principle of tolerance characteristic of vague predicates is sometimes presented as a soft rule, namely as a default which we can use in ordinary reasoning, but which requires care in order to avoid paradoxes. We focus on two ways in which the tolerance principle can be modeled in that spirit, using special consequence relations. The first approach relates tolerant reasoning to nontransitive reasoning; the second relates tolerant reasoning to…
Margin for error and the transparency of knowledge
Vagueness, uncertainty and degrees of clarity
If-Clauses and Probability Operators
Tolerant, Classical, Strict
In this paper we investigate a semantics for first-order logic originally proposed by R. van Rooij to account for the idea that vague predicates are tolerant, that is, for the principle that if x is P , then y should be P whenever y is similar enough to x . The semantics, which makes use of indifference relations to model similarity, rests on the interaction of three notions of truth: the classical notion, and two dual notions simultaneously defi…
Identity, Leibniz's Law and Non-transitive Reasoning
Predicting moral judgments from causal judgments
Several factors have been put forward to explain the variability of moral judgments for superficially analogous moral dilemmas, in particular in the paradigm of trolley cases. In this paper we elaborate on Mikhail's view that (i) causal analysis is at the core of moral judgments and that (ii) causal judgments can be quantified by linguistic methods. According to this model, our moral judgments depend both on utilitarian considerations (whether po…
Knowing whether A or B
The paper examines the logic and semantics of knowledge attributions of the form “s knows whether A or B”. We analyze these constructions in an epistemic logic with alternative questions, and propose an account of the context-sensitivity of the corresponding sentences and of their presuppositions
Hyperintensionality and De Re Beliefs
Borel on the Heap
Moral asymmetries and the semantics of "many"
We present the results of four experiments concerning the evaluations people make of sentences involving many, showing that two sentences of the form many As are Bs and many As are Cs need not be equivalent when evaluated relative to a background in which B and C have the same cardinality and proportion to A, but in which B and C are predicates with opposite semantic and affective values. The data provide evidence that subjects lower the standard…
A uniform semantics for embedded interrogatives
Borderline Cases, Incompatibilism, and Plurivaluationism
Explanation in Linguistics
The aim of the present paper is to understand what the notions of explanation and prediction in contemporary linguistics mean, and to compare various aspects that the notion of explanation encompasses in that domain. The paper is structured around an opposition between three main styles of explanation in linguistics, which I propose to call ‘grammatical’, ‘functional’, and ‘historical’. Most of this paper is a comparison between these different s…
La connaissance et ses raisons
Cet ouvrage est le produit des premiers travaux du Groupe de Recherche en Épistémologie (GRÉ), porté par Claudine Tiercelin au sein de la chaire de Métaphysique et philosophie de la connaissance du Collège de France. Les textes qui s’y trouvent réunis traitent de questions particulièrement discutées de l’épistémologie contemporaine, entendue comme élucidation philosophique de la nature de la connaissance, de sa valeur et de ses modalités, ainsi q…
Vague judgment
Knowledge as de re true belief
Are Gaps Preferred to Gluts? A Closer Look at Borderline Contradictions
Typicality and Graded Membership in Dimensional Adjectives
This paper concerns an investigation of the manner in which typicality constrains graded membership in antonymous dimensional adjectives such as short/tall and cheap/expensive using the conceptual spaces framework. In this framework, items are organized in a space comprised of one or more dimensions along which they can be compared. The items' graded membership is established by their relative proximity in this space to the prototypical instances…
Subjectivity in gradable adjectives
We present an investigation of the ways in which speakers' subjective perspectives are likely to affect the meaning of gradable adjectives like tall or heavy . We present the results of a study showing that people tend to use themselves as a yardstick when ascribing these adjectives to human figures of varied measurements: subjects' height and weight requirements for applying tall and heavy are found to be positively correlated with their persona…
Revealing Criterial Vagueness in Inconsistencies
Sports) in each of two separate sessions. They were frequently inconsistent from one session to the next, both for nominal categories such as Sports and Fish, and ad hoc categories such as Things You Rescue from a Burning House. A mixture model analysis revealed that several of these inconsistencies could be attributed to criterial vagueness: participants adopting different criteria for membership in the two sessions. This finding indicates that …
Tolerant reasoning
The principle of tolerance characteristic of vague predicates is sometimes presented as a soft rule, namely as a default which we can use in ordinary reasoning, but which requires care in order to avoid paradoxes. We focus on two ways in which the tolerance principle can be modeled in that spirit, using special consequence relations. The first approach relates tolerant reasoning to nontransitive reasoning; the second relates tolerant reasoning to…
From many-valued consequence to many-valued connectives
Dictionnaire Claude Lévi-Strauss
Around “Around”
On the optimality of vagueness
Philosophy (23 works) · Epistemology (21 works) · Computer Science (18 works) · Mathematics (14 works) · Linguistics (11 works) · Psychology (11 works) · Artificial Intelligence (8 works) · Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge (8 works) · Metaphysics (8 works) · Philosophy of language (8 works)