Martin O’flaherty
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 127325 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Martin O’flaherty |
| NOMBRES | Martin |
| APELLIDO | O’flaherty |
| FIRMA | O’FLAHERTY M |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Liverpool |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0788-2598 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 82 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 60 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 82 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2006 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
The Influence of Parental Education on Child Health
INTRODUCTION: Parental education has been linked to childhood health and wellbeing outcomes. Intergenerational transfer of parental education into childhood health and wellbeing outcomes operates through multiple pathways, however the mediating influence of neighbourhood conditions remains understudied. METHODS: Drawing on data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) (n = 6432, 51% male, ages 14-15 years) we conduct a causal med…
Quality of life, care needs and priorities in atrial fibrillation
Both number and combinations of AF comorbidities shape patients' and caregivers' experiences. Considering comorbidity profiles can help define targeted care plans and caregiver support initiatives
Identifying the patterns of ultra-processed food consumption and their characteristics in the UK adults using the UK National Diet and Nutritional Surveys 2008/09 to 2018/19
Objective: To identify the dietary patterns of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption in UK adults and to explore their nutritional characteristics and associated demographic and socio-economic factors. Design: UPF-based dietary patterns were identified using weighted principal component analysis and k-means cluster analysis on UPF intakes (identified using Nova classification) from the cross-sectional National Diet and Nutrition Survey data (200…
Comorbid Developmental Coordination Disorder and ADHD
Both DCD and ADHD are recognised neurodevelopmental conditions, however, their co-occurrence and subsequent effects remain insufficiently explored. This paper aims to address this gap by examining the relationship between motor proficiency and ADHD symptoms in young children, and elucidating the combined impact on internalising and externalising symptoms. Data from the Coordination and Activity Tracking in CHildren (CATCH) study (n = 532) were an…
Out-of-home food selection behaviour in the presence and absence of price-based incentives in a virtual food delivery app
Out-of-home food selection behaviour in the presence and absence of price-based incentives in a virtual food delivery app
Policies restricting price-based incentives in the out-of-home (OOH) food sector could influence food-related behaviours and improve population diet. In the present study we assessed the impact of removing price-based incentives on consumer food selection through a virtual, hypothetical, OOH delivery platform. Participants ordered a hypothetical meal for their household using a virtual ordering platform which presented the menu of a popular UK pi…
Understanding Inequality Within a Personalised System of Disability Support
Disability support has shifted towards models of personalised care, which critics argue may contribute to increased inequalities. There is limited systematic evidence investigating inequalities in support among children with disabilities. To investigate inequalities in support, a survey of parents of children with disabilities aged 2–17 was conducted. Data from 644 participants were used to analyse unmet needs. Poisson regression was used to exam…
Predicting the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Brazil
Aims: We adopted a modeling approach to predict the likely future prevalence of type 2 diabetes, taking into account demographic changes and trends in obesity and smoking in Brazil. We then used the model to estimate the likely future impact of different policy scenarios, such as policies to reduce obesity. Methods: The IMPACT TYPE 2 DIABETES model uses a Markov approach to integrate population, obesity, and smoking trends to estimate future type…
Coming of Age on the Margins
People with disabilities experience persistent, multifaceted disadvantage across the life course. The origins of life course disadvantage among people with disabilities may stem, in part, from exclusion during developmentally sensitive periods in childhood. Time use among adolescents represents a potentially important mechanism implicated in the emergence of disability-related disadvantage, but previous research has largely neglected the time use…
Food availability and affordability in a Mediterranean urban context
Objective: Although food environments have been highlighted as potentially effective targets to improve population diets, evidence on Mediterranean food environments is lacking. We examined differences in food availability and affordability in Madrid (Spain) by store type and area-level socio-economic status (SES). Design: Cross-sectional study. Trained researchers conducted food store audits using the validated Nutrition Environment Measures Sur…
Does Anyone Suffer From Teenage Motherhood? Mental Health Effects of Teen Motherhood in Great Britain Are Small and Homogeneous
Teen mothers experience disadvantage across a wide range of outcomes. However, previous research is equivocal with respect to possible long-term mental health consequences of teen motherhood and has not adequately considered the possibility that effects on mental health may be heterogeneous. Drawing on data from the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study, this article applies a novel statistical machine-learning approach—Bayesian Additive Regression Tre…
Use of Parental Disability Trajectories to Identify Adolescents Who are Young Carers
Being a young carer can have significant impacts on the lives of children and adolescents. Identifying young carers is difficult, making the provision of support challenging for service providers. This sample contained 4464 Australian children/adolescents across 11 years (49% female, aged 6/7 years at baseline, and 16/17 years at final wave). Group-based trajectory modeling was applied to examine parental disability trajectories across 5 waves of…
Do extracurricular activities contribute to better adolescent outcomes? A fixed‐effects panel data approach
INTRODUCTION: Extracurricular activity participation is associated with positive academic, health, and behavioral outcomes for adolescents, but these findings may reflect unobserved confounding rather than participation effects. METHOD: Data were drawn from 3885 adolescents aged 12-15 in a nationally representative cohort of Australian adolescents. Effects of participation in three kinds of extracurricular activity (team sport, individual sport, …
Transition in social risk factors and adolescent motherhood in low- income and middle- income countries
Understanding the dynamics of social risk factors in the occurrence of adolescent motherhood is vital in designing more appropriate prevention initiatives in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed this study to examine the transition of social risk factors and their association with adolescent motherhood in LMICs since the initiation of the MDGs. We analysed 119967 adolescent girls (15–19 years) from 40-nationally representative…
Multimorbidity
Multimorbidity is of increasing concern for healthcare systems globally, particularly in the context of ageing population structures, such as in the European Union and the UK. Although there is growing attention on developing strategies to manage the health and healthcare burden of older patients with multimorbidity, little research or policy focus has been placed on how to best prevent the development of multimorbidity in future generations. In …
Sexual Orientation and Adolescent Time Use
This study combines minority stress and ecological perspectives to theorize the associations between adolescents’ sexual orientation and time use. Hypotheses are tested using data from a national sample of Australian adolescents aged 14–15 years (Longitudinal Study of Australian Children; n = 3,060). Compared to heterosexual adolescents, sexual minority adolescents spent less time with their siblings and fathers, more time alone, less time in act…
Coronary heart disease mortality is decreasing in Argentina, and Colombia, but keeps increasing in Mexico
Latin American countries are at different stages of the cardiovascular disease epidemic. Garbage code correction produce large changes in the mortality rates in Argentina, yet smaller in Mexico and Colombia, suggesting garbage code corrections may be needed for specific countries. While coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality is falling in Argentina, modest falls in Colombia and substantial increases in Mexico highlight the need for the region to …
The 'developmental gradient' revisited
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update
Context-led capacity building in time of crisis
BACKGROUND: This paper examines one EC-funded multinational project (RESCAP-MED), with a focus on research capacity building (RCB) concerning non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa. By the project's end (2015), the entire region was engulfed in crisis. OBJECTIVE: Designed before this crisis developed in 2011, the primary purpose of RESCAP-MED was to foster methodological skills needed to conduct multi-d…
The scars of the past? Childhood health and health differentials in later life
This study estimates multilevel mixed effects models of three retrospective measures of childhood health - self-rated childhood health, exposure to parental smoking growing up, and missing school for 30 or more consecutive days due to a health event - on levels and changes in physical functioning at age 50 and beyond. Using data from 15 waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey, the results show that variation in the …
Explaining income-related inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors in Tunisian adults during the last decade
The present study showed substantial income-related inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes in Tunisia and provided explanations for this. Results based on two different methods similarly showed that structural disparities on income, educational level and regional conditions should be addressed in order to reduce inequalities
Quantifying the impact of the Public Health Responsibility Deal on salt intake, cardiovascular disease and gastric cancer burdens
BACKGROUND: In 2011, England introduced the Public Health Responsibility Deal (RD), a public-private partnership (PPP) which gave greater freedom to the food industry to set and monitor targets for salt intakes. We estimated the impact of the RD on trends in salt intake and associated changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and gastric cancer (GCa) incidence, mortality and economic costs in England from 2011-2025. METHODS: microsimulation model t…
Evaluating effects of recent changes in NHS resource allocation policy on inequalities in amenable mortality in England, 2007–2014
BACKGROUND: Health investment in England post-2010 has increased at lower rates than previously, with proportionally less being allocated to deprived areas. This study seeks to explore the impact of this on inequalities in amenable mortality between local areas. METHODS: We undertook a time-series analysis across 324 lower-tier local authorities in England, evaluating the impact of changes in funding allocations to health commissioners from 2007 …
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2018 Update
Each chapter listed in the Table of Contents (see next page) is a hyperlink to that chapter. The reader clicks the chapter name to access that chapter. Each chapter listed here is a hyperlink. Click on the chapter name to be taken to that chapter. Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together in …
Home Visits
As a perspective developed primarily in anthropology, 'transnationalism' has until recently been dominated by ethnographic and textual analyses. While not problematic for any particular study, the overwhelming dominance of these methodologies has created two major theoretical shortcomings; a tendency to inflate the prevalence of transnational models of living, and the attribution of an egalitarian or emancipatory character to transnationalism, ge…
Neoliberalism, Inequality and Politics
Since the early 1980s Australian public policy has undergone the most major transformation since Federation. This transformation has been underwritten by two key principles: liberalism – the view that citizens are autonomous individual actors whose interests are best served when they are free from coercive government interventions into individual action; and marketisation – the belief that free markets are arenas which best enable individual auto…
The Family Life Course and Health
Life course perspectives suggest that later-life health reflects long-term social patterns over an individual's life: in particular, the occurrence and timing of key roles and transitions. Such social patterns have been demonstrated empirically for multiple aspects of fertility and partnership histories, including timing of births and marriage, parity, and the presence and timing of a marital disruption. Most previous studies have, however, addre…
Quantifying the impact of the Public Health Responsibility Deal on salt intake, cardiovascular disease and gastric cancer burdens
BACKGROUND: In 2011, England introduced the Public Health Responsibility Deal (RD), a public-private partnership (PPP) which gave greater freedom to the food industry to set and monitor targets for salt intakes. We estimated the impact of the RD on trends in salt intake and associated changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and gastric cancer (GCa) incidence, mortality and economic costs in England from 2011-2025. METHODS: microsimulation model t…
The 'developmental gradient' revisited
Early Life Course Family Structure and Children’s Socio-Emotional and Behavioural Functioning
Tenancy Databases, Professional Practices and Housing Access among Low-Income Tenants in the Private Rental Sector in Australia
This essay addresses the impacts of electronic tenancy databases upon social relations in the field of private rental tenancy in Australia. Insights arise from research carried out, in 2002-3, in the eastern, mainland states of Australia that included interviews with tenants and property managers in the private rental sector. Property managers viewed tenancy databases as a tool for efficient, effective and professional risk management, and 'profe…
Multimorbidity
Multimorbidity is of increasing concern for healthcare systems globally, particularly in the context of ageing population structures, such as in the European Union and the UK. Although there is growing attention on developing strategies to manage the health and healthcare burden of older patients with multimorbidity, little research or policy focus has been placed on how to best prevent the development of multimorbidity in future generations. In …
Fruit and vegetable consumption and non-communicable disease
ATP-dependent K + channels are composed of pore-forming subunits of the Kir6. x family and of sulfonylurea receptors (SURs). SUR1, expressed in pancreatic β-cells, has a higher affinity for sulfonylureas, such as glibenclamide, than SUR2B, expressed in smooth muscle. This difference is mainly caused by serine 1237 in SUR1 corresponding to tyrosine 1206 in SUR2B. To increase the affinity of SUR2B for glibenclamide, the mutant SUR2B(Y1206S) was con…
Does Anyone Suffer From Teenage Motherhood? Mental Health Effects of Teen Motherhood in Great Britain Are Small and Homogeneous
Teen mothers experience disadvantage across a wide range of outcomes. However, previous research is equivocal with respect to possible long-term mental health consequences of teen motherhood and has not adequately considered the possibility that effects on mental health may be heterogeneous. Drawing on data from the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study, this article applies a novel statistical machine-learning approach—Bayesian Additive Regression Tre…
Evaluating effects of recent changes in NHS resource allocation policy on inequalities in amenable mortality in England, 2007–2014
BACKGROUND: Health investment in England post-2010 has increased at lower rates than previously, with proportionally less being allocated to deprived areas. This study seeks to explore the impact of this on inequalities in amenable mortality between local areas. METHODS: We undertook a time-series analysis across 324 lower-tier local authorities in England, evaluating the impact of changes in funding allocations to health commissioners from 2007 …
New perspectives on cardiovascular risk in individuals and in populations
Predictive risk algorithms are embedded in the daily practice of clinicians; they often represent a crucial tool to estimate a particular individual's risk of future disease. And, clearly, these individuals, en masse, will comprise the entire population. However, do the same risk principles apply en masse? Geoffrey Rose was famously one of the first scientists to consider risk in entire populations. He suggested that the determinants of risk at t…
P03 Explaining the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in Northern Ireland between 1987 and 2007
Purpose In 1987, Northern Ireland had one of the highest rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in the world. However, CHD mortality has declined substantially over the last 2 decades. The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of changes in CHD risk factors to CHD mortality decline from 1987 to to 2007. Methods The validated IMPACT CHD mortality model was used in all calculations. We included data describing population s…
Tenancy Databases, Professional Practices and Housing Access among Low-Income Tenants in the Private Rental Sector in Australia
This essay addresses the impacts of electronic tenancy databases upon social relations in the field of private rental tenancy in Australia. Insights arise from research carried out, in 2002-3, in the eastern, mainland states of Australia that included interviews with tenants and property managers in the private rental sector. Property managers viewed tenancy databases as a tool for efficient, effective and professional risk management, and 'profe…
Neoliberalism, Inequality and Politics
Since the early 1980s Australian public policy has undergone the most major transformation since Federation. This transformation has been underwritten by two key principles: liberalism – the view that citizens are autonomous individual actors whose interests are best served when they are free from coercive government interventions into individual action; and marketisation – the belief that free markets are arenas which best enable individual auto…
Home Visits
As a perspective developed primarily in anthropology, 'transnationalism' has until recently been dominated by ethnographic and textual analyses. While not problematic for any particular study, the overwhelming dominance of these methodologies has created two major theoretical shortcomings; a tendency to inflate the prevalence of transnational models of living, and the attribution of an egalitarian or emancipatory character to transnationalism, ge…
Patterns of coronary heart disease mortality over the 20th century in England and Wales
Although CHD mortality rates continue to drop in older age groups the actual burden of coronary heart disease is increasing due to the ageing of the population. The rate of improvement in CHD mortality appears to be beginning to decline and may even be reversing among younger women
Planning ahead in public health? A qualitative study of the time horizons used in public health decision-making
Many public health decision and policy makers feel that the timescales for decision-making are too short. Substantial systemic barriers to longer-term planning exist. Policy makers need to look beyond short-term targets and budget cycles to secure investment for long-term improvement in public health
Explaining the massive decline in coronary heart disease mortality in iceland between 1981 and 2006
the ''drift''. Our predictions are that stroke deaths are likely to continue to decrease up to at least 2015. For 2015, our predictions of deaths from stroke varied from 34 429 to 46 538 (compared with 47 213 deaths in 2005) under the different plausible model scenarios. We also noted that there were some potentially interesting trends in mortality amongst recent birth cohorts. In particular, mortality was higher in older age groups, but the diff…
Systematic review
Objective To review: the process of public health policy-making; variations in the extent of research evidence used; other influencing factors; and barriers to and facilitators of the use of research evidence. Design Systematic review of empirical studies reporting data on policy-making in public health. Data Sources Databases searched: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, PsychInfo, CINAHL, The Social Science Citation Index, The Science Citation Index, The Arts and…
P54 Might financial cuts drive NHS decision-making “downstream”? A qualitative study of factors affecting public health decision-making
Objectives To explore the process of public health decision-making, and the role of research evidence, taking cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a case study. Design In-depth interview study. Setting and Participants Over 30 public health policy-makers and planners in CVD, including: commissioners, public health consultants, data analysts, librarians and knowledge managers at Primary Care Trusts; public health academics; lead consultant cardiologist…
Socio-economic trends in cardiovascular risk factors in England, 1994–2008
Objective Recent large falls in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) mortality rates have been attributed to reductions in behavioural and physiological risk factors, particularly smoking, cholesterol and high systolic blood pressure (SBP), and also to the increasingly widespread use of cardiological treatments. Such gains, however, have been partially offset by unfavourable trends in Body Mass Index (BMI), diabetes and physical inactivity, possibly exac…
A policy effectiveness-feasibility loop? Promoting the use of evidence to support the development of healthy public policy
Background Historically, policy initiatives have made variable contributions to improvements in public health. Today there is a growing interest in translating evidence from health research into healthy public policy. Although research evidence may be a component of policy development, it is rarely enough, because policy makers are subject to a wide range of influences. Furthermore, researchers and policy makers usually work within different time…
P03 Explaining the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in Northern Ireland between 1987 and 2007
Purpose In 1987, Northern Ireland had one of the highest rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in the world. However, CHD mortality has declined substantially over the last 2 decades. The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of changes in CHD risk factors to CHD mortality decline from 1987 to to 2007. Methods The validated IMPACT CHD mortality model was used in all calculations. We included data describing population s…
P02 Risk factor and treatment contributions to the coronary heart disease mortality decline in a low risk Mediterranean population
Background The “Mediterranean Paradox” means that low risk countries such as Spain experience substantially less cardiovascular mortality than North Europe or the USA. Can cardiovascular mortality fall further? Objective We examined the extent to which the decrease in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates in Spain could be explained by changes in cardiovascular risk factors and by the use of medical and surgical treatments in Spain between…
Estimating the UK cardiovascular mortality reduction expected with different food policy options
Objective To estimate the reduction in UK cardiovascular mortality potentially achievable by decreasing saturated fat, trans -fat and salt consumption and fruit and vegetable consumption. Methods Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) mortality reductions were calculated by synthesising data on population, diet, cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and CVD mortality rates. Contemporary mortality and dietary data among UK adults 25 to 84 years old were obtai…
Coronary heart disease mortality in The Netherlands from 1972 to 2007
Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality has steadily declined since the early 1970s in The Netherlands. Recent work suggests that in some Western countries the rate of decline in some groups has begun to decrease and may be starting to plateau or even reverse. These changes may be a result of changes in the pattern for major cardiovascular risk factor trends. Methods Data for all deaths between 1972 and 2007 in The Netherlands were grou…
Forecasting diabetes prevalence using a simple model
Mice with a mutation of the ζ-associated protein of 70 kDa gene ( skg mutation) are genetically prone to develop autoimmune arthritis, depending on the environment. In a set of mice with the mutation, the amount of ζ-associated protein of 70 kDa protein as well as its tyrosine phosphorylation upon TCR stimulation decreased from +/+, skg /+, skg / skg , to skg /− mice in a stepwise manner. The reduction resulted in graded alterations of thymic pos…
Trends in coronary heart disease mortality in England by socio-economic circumstances, 1982–2006
Objective Understanding the scale of social inequalities in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and differential trends in these by age, gender and social position is crucial for assessing the impact on health inequalities of concomitant changes in risk factors, healthcare, legislation and policy on health inequities. Previous analyses of trends in Scotland suggest that falling CHD mortality rates may have recently begun to level in younger ag…
Prioritising public health
It is vital that the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of all new and existing policies and services affecting public health are measured in terms of their impact on the social determinants of health and health inequalities. Researchers have a vital role to play in providing the complex evidence required to compare different models of prevention and service delivery. Those working in public health must develop leadership to raise the profile o…
Evaluación de déficit de atención con hiperactividad
The SNAP-IV scale for detection of ADHD is considered to be valid in the population studied as long as the cut-off scores are modified to obtain the best sensitivity/specificity ratio based on the cultural and socioeconomic features of the population
Barriers to intersectoral working to improve health
Background The National Health Service (NHS) is undergoing dramatic changes. Currently established partnerships are thus likely to be significantly disrupted by the radical reforms outlined in the Public Health White Paper. We therefore explored the process of inter-sectoral working between public health and local authorities, in order to better understand the potential opportunities and threats associated with the proposed changes. Methods In de…
P1-264 Explaining recent cardiovascular trends in Eastern Mediterranean populations
Introduction Middle income countries are facing an epidemic of non-communicable diseases, especially diabetes, stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD). We analysed population and mortality trends in Palestine, Syria, Tunisia and Turkey. Methods Populations and timeframes. West Bank Occupied Palestine Territory (2.5 million population, 1998–2009); Turkey (73 million, 1995–2008); Tunisia (10 million, 1997–2009); Syria (20 million, 1996–2006). Data …
O1-5.6 Forecasting Diabetes Prevalence
Introduction Current projections of diabetes prevalence are mostly based on demographic change. Explicitly including trends in obesity and other risk factors could improve the accuracy of the projections and assist in evaluating policy options for prevention. Methods The model integrates population, obesity and smoking trends to estimate future diabetes prevalence using a Markov approach. Model parameters were derived from the literature, except …
P1-267 The potential impact of specific food policy changes on cvd mortality in Ireland
Objective To estimate potential reductions in Irish CVD mortality achievable through specific changes in average intakes of saturated fat, trans-fat, salt, fruit and vegetables. Methods A previously validated food policy model was used to estimate potential annual CVD mortality reductions associated with a conservative scenario. Specifically, a reduction in salt intake by 1 g/d, trans fat by 0.5% of energy intake, saturated fat by 1% energy intak…
Explaining recent coronary heart disease mortality trends in England by socioeconomic circumstances, 2000–2007
Background The continuing fall in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality is widely celebrated. However, the impact of public policies and treatments on socio-economic gradients in health is poorly quantified. Understanding the separate contributions of prevention and treatment to recent trends is thus crucial to planning the most effective and equitable future strategies. Methods Using a previously validated epidemiological model, we estimated th…
Potential cardiovascular mortality reductions in Ireland associated with specific food policy options
Objective To estimate the potential reduction in Irish cardiovascular (CVD) mortality possible by decreasing salt, trans fat and saturated fat consumption, and by increasing fruit and vegetable consumption. Methods The previously validated IMPACT Food Policy Model was used to estimate potential annual CVD mortality reductions associated with various dietary policy scenarios. Two scenarios were modelled. Firstly, a conservative scenario which invo…
O1-4.1 Explaining recent coronary heart disease mortality trends in England by socioeconomic circumstances, 2000–2007
Introduction The continuing fall in coronary heart disease mortality rates is widely celebrated. However, the impact of public policies and treatments is poorly quantified and hardly ever by socioeconomic group. Methods Using a previously validated epidemiological model we estimated the contribution of risk factor changes and evidence-based treatments to reduce CHD mortality in adults aged over 25 years between 2000 and 2007 in England, both over…
Medicine (71 obras) · Environmental health (45 obras) · Population (40 obras) · Demography (38 obras) · Internal Medicine (35 obras) · Gerontology (25 obras) · Internal Medicine (25 obras) · Public health (23 obras) · Political science (20 obras) · Health disparities and outcomes (19 obras)