Roscoe Stanyon
Biographic Data
| ID | 127391 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Roscoe Stanyon |
| GIVEN NAMES | Roscoe |
| FAMILY NAME | Stanyon |
| SIGNATURE | STANYON R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Genoa |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7229-1092 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 38 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 39 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 37 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1980 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Adu from Nias: How Sacred Figures Became Subsumed Into Idols by Missionaries and Anthropologists
This article focuses, for the first time, on the wooden sculptures of Nias (Adu) included in Elio Modigliani's collection conserved at the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology in Florence. Catalogued as «idols», Adu represent an opportunity to investigate how these objects were interpreted in the anthropological framework of Modigliani's time. They are an important case study for investigating two important issues. First, what impact did the impo…
Not all yawns tell the same story: The case of Tonkean macaques
Here we show for the first time that the plasticity in morphology and duration of yawning in Macaca tonkeana can be associated with different functional contexts. Macaca tonkeana is classified as a tolerant macaque species characterized by social interactions minimally constrained by dominance rank or kinship. Tonkean macaques, as other egalitarian species, rely on a complex facial communicative system. We found that the degree of mouth opening (…
Calming an aggressor through spontaneous post‐conflict triadic contacts: Appeasement in Macaca tonkeana
Peaceful third-party interventions usually occur after an aggressive encounter and can be directed toward the victim or the aggressor. Macaca tonkeana, a cercopithecine species characterized by high levels of tolerance, frequently engage in consolatory contacts, which both calm the victim and reduce the probability of further attacks against him/her. Other post-conflict affiliative interventions such as reconciliation and quadratic affiliation ar…
The contribution of primatology to anthropology
The importance of primatology for anthropology was evident right from the beginning of the Darwinian revolution, ever since Huxley illustrated how comparison of humans and great apes could provide vital information on “Man’s place in nature”. Primatology continues to make fundamental contributions to progress in anthropology by providing a fruitful avenue to test hypotheses on human evolution. Sometimes it has provided the only means to falsify t…
Testing yawning hypotheses in wild populations of two strepsirrhine species: Propithecus verreauxi and Lemur catta
Yawning, although easily recognized, is difficult to explain. Traditional explanations stressed physiological mechanisms, but more recently, behavioral processes have received increasing attention. This is the first study to test a range of hypotheses on yawning in wild primate populations. We studied two sympatric strepsirrhine species, Lemur catta, and Propithecus verreauxi, of the Ankoba forest (24.99°S, 46.29°E, Berenty reserve) in southern M…
Exploring the evolutionary foundations of empathy: Consolation in monkeys
Macroevolutionary Dynamics and Historical Biogeography of Primate Diversification Inferred from a Species Supermatrix
Phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, and patterns of biogeographic descent among primate species are both complex and contentious. Here, we generate a robust molecular phylogeny for 70 primate genera and 367 primate species based on a concatenation of 69 nuclear gene segments and ten mitochondrial gene sequences, most of which were extracted from GenBank. Relaxed clock analyses of divergence times with 14 fossil-calibrated nodes suggest …
Towards Neanderthal Paleogenomics
Multidirectional chromosome painting reveals a remarkable syntenic homology between the greater galagos and the slow loris
We report on the first reciprocal chromosome painting of lorisoids and humans. The chromosome painting showed a remarkable syntenic homology between Otolemur and Nycticebus . Eight derived syntenic associations of human segments are common to both Otolemur and Nycticebus , indicative of a considerable period of common evolution between the greater galago and the slow loris. Five additional Robertsonian translocations form the slow loris karyotype…
Molecular Views of Human Origins
Chromosome Painting Shows That Pygathrix nemaeus Has the Most Basal Karyotype Among Asian Colobinae
Chromosome painting shows that the proboscis monkey ( Nasalis larvatus ) has a derived karyotype and is phylogenetically nested within asian colobines
The exceptional diploid number (2n=48) of the proboscis monkey ( Nasalis larvatus ) has played a pivotal role in phylogenies that view the proboscis monkey as the most primitive colobine, and a long‐isolated genus of the group. In this report we used molecular cytogenetic methods to map the chromosomal homology of the proboscis monkey in order to test these hypotheses. Our results reveal that the N. larvatus karyotype is derived and is not primit…
Chromosome painting reveals that galagos have highly derived karyotypes
The differences in chromosome number between Otolemur crassicaudatus (2n = 62) and Galago moholi (2n = 38) are dramatic. However, the total number of signals given by hybridizing human chromosome paints to galago metaphases is similar: 42 in O. crassicaudatus and 38 G. moholi . Many human chromosome homologs are found fragmented in each species, and numerous translocations have resulted in chromosomal syntenies or hybridization associations which…
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (Fish) maps chromosomal homologies between the dusky titi and squirrel monkey
The Platyrrhini are one of the most karyologically derived groups of primates and the evolution of their karyotypes is far from understood. The identification of the origin and direction of chromosome rearrangements will contribute to a better understanding of New World monkey phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution. We mapped homology and identified translocations in the chromosomes of the dusky titi monkey (Callicebus moloch, 2n = 50) and the squirr…
Genetic aspects in hominid evolution
In situ hybridization (Fish) maps chromosomal homologies between Alouatta belzebul (Platyrrhini, Cebidae) and other primates and reveals extensive interchromosomal rearrangements between howler monkey…
We hybridized whole human chromosome specific probes to metaphases of the black-and-red howler monkey Alouatta belzebul in order to establish chromosomal homology between humans and black-and-red howlers. The results show that the black-and-red howler monkey has a highly rearranged genome and that the human chromosome homologs are often fragmented and translocated. The number of hybridization signals we obtained per haploid set was 40. Nine human…
Mapping homology between human and black and white colobine monkey chromosomes by fluorescent in situ hybridization
We used in situ hybridization of chromosome specific DNA probes ("chromosome painting") of all human chromosomes to establish homologies between the human and the white and black colobus (Colobus guereza 2n = 44). The 24 human paints gave 31 signals on the autosomes (haploid male chromosomes homologus to human 14 and 15, 21 and 22, form colobine chromosomes 6 and 16, respectively. Reciprocal translocations were found between human chromosomes 1 a…
Fluorescence in situ hybridization establishes homology between human and silvered leaf monkey chromosomes, reveals reciprocal translocations between chromosomes homologous to human Y/5, 1/9, and 6/16…
We employed in situ hybridization of chromosome-specific DNA probes ("chromosome painting") of all human chromosomes to establish homologies between the human and the silvered lead monkey karyotypes (Presbytis cristata 2n = 44). The 24 human paints gave 30 signals on the haploid female chromosome set and 34 signals on the haploid male chromosome set. This difference is due to a reciprocal translocation between the Y and an autosome homologous to …
Cytogenetic analysis shows extensive genomic rearrangements between red howler ( Alouatta seniculus, Linnaeus ) subspecies
A comparison of the G‐banded karyotypes of two red howler subspecies, Alouatta seniculus arctoidea and A. s. sara , showed that they differed by at least 14 chromosomal rearrangements. Genomic reshuffling is so great that homologs between subspecies could not be found for some chromosome, while the assignment of homology for other chromosomes remains uncertain. The two red howlers, however, share an unusual X 1 X 2 Y 1 Y 2 / X 1 X 1 X 2 X 2 sex‐c…
Genomic reorganization and disrupted chromosomal synteny in the siamang ( Hylobates syndactylus ) revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization
We employed in situ hybridization (“chromosome painting”) of chromosome‐specific DNA libraries of all human chromosomes to establish homologies between the human and siamang karyotypes (Hylobates syndactylus, 2n = 50). Numerous intra‐ and interchromosomal rearrangements have led to a massive reorganization of the siamang karyotype. There have been a minimum of 33 translocations. The 24 siamang autosomes are composed of 60 recognizable segments th…
Cranial capacity in hominid evolution
Sequence of late DNA replication in Cebus capucinus chromosomes and a standardized G‐banded karyotype
We proposed a standardized G‐banded idiogram (about 400 bands) for Cebus capucinus and established the complete late replication sequence for about 200 bands. Many chromosomes thought to be homologous on the basis of R‐banding and gene mapping showed similar replication sequences to human and macaque chromosomes. Other supposed homologs had no good correspondence. Asynchrony was observed in some bands and a few of these are apparently evolutionar…
Molecular and classical cytogenetic analyses demonstrate an apomorphic reciprocal chromosomal translocation in Gorilla gorilla
The existence of an apomorphic reciprocal chromosomal translocation in the gorilla lineage has been asserted or denied by various cytogeneticists. We employed a new molecular cytogenetic strategy (chromosomal in situ suppression hybridization) combined with high‐resolution banding, replication sequence analysis, and fluorochrome staining to demonstrate that a reciprocal translocation between ancestral chromosomes homologous to human chromosome 5 …
Genome size and «C-heterochromatic-DNA» in man and the african apes
Evidence of gene flow between Sulawesi macaques
A pilot field study was conducted in Sulawesi (Indonesia) to assess the status of macaque populations on the island. Wild and captive animals were sampled, mainly in border areas between presumed different species. The five species investigated were Macaca maurus, M. tonkeana, M. hecki, M. nigrescens , and M. nigra , for which morphological and gene frequency data suggested the presence of hybridization zones. Some individuals within these zones …
Phylogeny of the Hominoidea: The chromosome evidence
The phylogenetic and taxonomic status of Pan paniscus: A chromosomal perspective
The taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of the bonobo or pygmy chimpanzee continues to be debated. In this report we examined the phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of the pygmy chimpanzee by a three‐way comparison of the banded chromosomes of humans, Pan troglodytes and Pan paniscus . The evaluation pays particular attention to distinguishing ancestral versus derived chromosomes in order to determine the direction of the chromosom…
Fluorescent heterochromatin staining in primate chromosomes
Mode and tempo in primate chromosome evolution: Implications for hylobatid phylogeny
Cranial capacity in hominid evolution
Chromosomes of thecercopithecus aethiops species group: C. aethiops (Linnaeus, 1758),C. cynosurus (Scopoli, 1786),C. pygerythrus (Cuvier, 1821), andC. sabaeus (Linnaeus, 1766)
G-banding in the barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus, Linnaeus, 1758) of Morocco
Calming an aggressor through spontaneous post‐conflict triadic contacts: Appeasement in Macaca tonkeana
Peaceful third-party interventions usually occur after an aggressive encounter and can be directed toward the victim or the aggressor. Macaca tonkeana, a cercopithecine species characterized by high levels of tolerance, frequently engage in consolatory contacts, which both calm the victim and reduce the probability of further attacks against him/her. Other post-conflict affiliative interventions such as reconciliation and quadratic affiliation ar…
Chromosome painting reveals that galagos have highly derived karyotypes
The differences in chromosome number between Otolemur crassicaudatus (2n = 62) and Galago moholi (2n = 38) are dramatic. However, the total number of signals given by hybridizing human chromosome paints to galago metaphases is similar: 42 in O. crassicaudatus and 38 G. moholi . Many human chromosome homologs are found fragmented in each species, and numerous translocations have resulted in chromosomal syntenies or hybridization associations which…
Genomic reorganization and disrupted chromosomal synteny in the siamang ( Hylobates syndactylus ) revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization
We employed in situ hybridization (“chromosome painting”) of chromosome‐specific DNA libraries of all human chromosomes to establish homologies between the human and siamang karyotypes (Hylobates syndactylus, 2n = 50). Numerous intra‐ and interchromosomal rearrangements have led to a massive reorganization of the siamang karyotype. There have been a minimum of 33 translocations. The 24 siamang autosomes are composed of 60 recognizable segments th…
Molecular and classical cytogenetic analyses demonstrate an apomorphic reciprocal chromosomal translocation in Gorilla gorilla
The existence of an apomorphic reciprocal chromosomal translocation in the gorilla lineage has been asserted or denied by various cytogeneticists. We employed a new molecular cytogenetic strategy (chromosomal in situ suppression hybridization) combined with high‐resolution banding, replication sequence analysis, and fluorochrome staining to demonstrate that a reciprocal translocation between ancestral chromosomes homologous to human chromosome 5 …
G-banding in the barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus, Linnaeus, 1758) of Morocco
Phylogeny of the Hominoidea: The chromosome evidence
Mode and tempo in primate chromosome evolution: Implications for hylobatid phylogeny
Hominoid Evolution: A Review and a Reassessment [and Comments and Replies]
I review here the history of study of the relationships of extant hominoids (humans and apes) and many of the morphological and other (e.g., molecular, biochemical, and chromosomal) criteria upon which theories of relatedness have been based. Few morphological features emerge as uniting humans and one or both of the African apes, and, contrary to popular opinion, the nonmorphological data do not support a human-African-ape theory of relatedness t…
High‐resolution chromosomes of rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta )
Late‐prophase high‐resolution chromosomes were successfully cultured for 22 of 27 Macaca mulatta samples. Twelve of the successful cultures were adequate for karyotyping high‐resolution spreads. High‐resolution chromosome technique provides an important contribution to primate genetics because it can be used to identify chromosomal anomalies undetected in metaphase spreads and may be useful for paternity exclusion analysis
Pericentric inversion in chromosome 2 without phenotypic effect
A subject with pericentric inversion of chromosome 2: 46, XY, inv(2) (p11q13) is described. All the family members which present the same inversion are clinically normal
Platyrrhine origins: Monophyletic or polyphyletic
On Chromosomes and Hominoid Phylogeny: A Reply to Schwartz
Chromosomes of thecercopithecus aethiops species group: C. aethiops (Linnaeus, 1758),C. cynosurus (Scopoli, 1786),C. pygerythrus (Cuvier, 1821), andC. sabaeus (Linnaeus, 1766)
The phylogenetic and taxonomic status of Pan paniscus: A chromosomal perspective
The taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of the bonobo or pygmy chimpanzee continues to be debated. In this report we examined the phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of the pygmy chimpanzee by a three‐way comparison of the banded chromosomes of humans, Pan troglodytes and Pan paniscus . The evaluation pays particular attention to distinguishing ancestral versus derived chromosomes in order to determine the direction of the chromosom…
Fluorescent heterochromatin staining in primate chromosomes
DA/Dapi fluorescent bands in the chromosomes of Pan paniscus
The fluorochrome pattern produced by DA/DAPI double staining in Pan paniscus chromosomes is reported. The location of DA/DAPI prominent bands differs from that reported for all other hominoid species. However, the pattern in the pygmy chimpanzee is most similar to that seen in Pan troglodytes. Comparison of the DA/DAPI pattern of the other hominoid species allows the construction of a proposed hominoid ancestral karyotype and a preliminary phylog…
Banded karyotypes of 20 Papionini species reveal no necessary correlation with speciation
The G‐banded karyotypes of 20 species of the tribe Papionini are remarkably similar, and the amount of phylogenetic interpretation permitted is limited. The genera Mandrillus and Cercocebus may be linked by a derived chromosome 10. T. gelada may be linked to the macaques by chromosome 2. Chromosome 5, which differs in M. fascicularis , makes this species an unlikely ancestor of the Sulawesi (Celebes) macaques. An alternate hypothesis, which takes…
Evidence of gene flow between Sulawesi macaques
A pilot field study was conducted in Sulawesi (Indonesia) to assess the status of macaque populations on the island. Wild and captive animals were sampled, mainly in border areas between presumed different species. The five species investigated were Macaca maurus, M. tonkeana, M. hecki, M. nigrescens , and M. nigra , for which morphological and gene frequency data suggested the presence of hybridization zones. Some individuals within these zones …
Genome size and «C-heterochromatic-DNA» in man and the african apes
Sequence of late DNA replication in Cebus capucinus chromosomes and a standardized G‐banded karyotype
We proposed a standardized G‐banded idiogram (about 400 bands) for Cebus capucinus and established the complete late replication sequence for about 200 bands. Many chromosomes thought to be homologous on the basis of R‐banding and gene mapping showed similar replication sequences to human and macaque chromosomes. Other supposed homologs had no good correspondence. Asynchrony was observed in some bands and a few of these are apparently evolutionar…
Molecular and classical cytogenetic analyses demonstrate an apomorphic reciprocal chromosomal translocation in Gorilla gorilla
The existence of an apomorphic reciprocal chromosomal translocation in the gorilla lineage has been asserted or denied by various cytogeneticists. We employed a new molecular cytogenetic strategy (chromosomal in situ suppression hybridization) combined with high‐resolution banding, replication sequence analysis, and fluorochrome staining to demonstrate that a reciprocal translocation between ancestral chromosomes homologous to human chromosome 5 …
Cranial capacity in hominid evolution
Cytogenetic analysis shows extensive genomic rearrangements between red howler ( Alouatta seniculus, Linnaeus ) subspecies
A comparison of the G‐banded karyotypes of two red howler subspecies, Alouatta seniculus arctoidea and A. s. sara , showed that they differed by at least 14 chromosomal rearrangements. Genomic reshuffling is so great that homologs between subspecies could not be found for some chromosome, while the assignment of homology for other chromosomes remains uncertain. The two red howlers, however, share an unusual X 1 X 2 Y 1 Y 2 / X 1 X 1 X 2 X 2 sex‐c…
Genomic reorganization and disrupted chromosomal synteny in the siamang ( Hylobates syndactylus ) revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization
We employed in situ hybridization (“chromosome painting”) of chromosome‐specific DNA libraries of all human chromosomes to establish homologies between the human and siamang karyotypes (Hylobates syndactylus, 2n = 50). Numerous intra‐ and interchromosomal rearrangements have led to a massive reorganization of the siamang karyotype. There have been a minimum of 33 translocations. The 24 siamang autosomes are composed of 60 recognizable segments th…
Mapping homology between human and black and white colobine monkey chromosomes by fluorescent in situ hybridization
We used in situ hybridization of chromosome specific DNA probes ("chromosome painting") of all human chromosomes to establish homologies between the human and the white and black colobus (Colobus guereza 2n = 44). The 24 human paints gave 31 signals on the autosomes (haploid male chromosomes homologus to human 14 and 15, 21 and 22, form colobine chromosomes 6 and 16, respectively. Reciprocal translocations were found between human chromosomes 1 a…
Fluorescence in situ hybridization establishes homology between human and silvered leaf monkey chromosomes, reveals reciprocal translocations between chromosomes homologous to human Y/5, 1/9, and 6/16…
We employed in situ hybridization of chromosome-specific DNA probes ("chromosome painting") of all human chromosomes to establish homologies between the human and the silvered lead monkey karyotypes (Presbytis cristata 2n = 44). The 24 human paints gave 30 signals on the haploid female chromosome set and 34 signals on the haploid male chromosome set. This difference is due to a reciprocal translocation between the Y and an autosome homologous to …
In situ hybridization (Fish) maps chromosomal homologies between Alouatta belzebul (Platyrrhini, Cebidae) and other primates and reveals extensive interchromosomal rearrangements between howler monkey…
We hybridized whole human chromosome specific probes to metaphases of the black-and-red howler monkey Alouatta belzebul in order to establish chromosomal homology between humans and black-and-red howlers. The results show that the black-and-red howler monkey has a highly rearranged genome and that the human chromosome homologs are often fragmented and translocated. The number of hybridization signals we obtained per haploid set was 40. Nine human…
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (Fish) maps chromosomal homologies between the dusky titi and squirrel monkey
The Platyrrhini are one of the most karyologically derived groups of primates and the evolution of their karyotypes is far from understood. The identification of the origin and direction of chromosome rearrangements will contribute to a better understanding of New World monkey phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution. We mapped homology and identified translocations in the chromosomes of the dusky titi monkey (Callicebus moloch, 2n = 50) and the squirr…
Genetic aspects in hominid evolution
Biology (34 works) · Gene (24 works) · Genetics (22 works) · Chromosomal and Genetic Variations (21 works) · Evolutionary biology (21 works) · Chromosome (20 works) · Zoology (20 works) · Karyotype (19 works) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (15 works) · Genetics (14 works)