Brian S Connelly
Biographic Data
| ID | 130213 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Brian S Connelly |
| GIVEN NAMES | Brian S |
| FAMILY NAME | Connelly |
| SIGNATURE | CONNELLY B S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Toronto |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3543-7486 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 11 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 112 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 11 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2008 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Who makes a more consistent first impression? Examining the structure and correlates of dissensus
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: How do targets shape consensus in impression formation? Targets are known to play an outsized role in the accuracy of first impressions, but their influence on consensus has been difficult to study. With the help of the recently developed extended Social Relations Model, we explore the structure and correlates of individual differences in consensus (i.e., dissensus). METHOD: Across 3 studies, 187 photographs of targets w…
Reputations at Work: Origins and Outcomes of Shared Person Perceptions
Reputations are immensely consequential for both people and organizations. Yet research on reputations in the workplace is fragmented across a number of literatures. In this article, we first review conceptual and definitional issues surrounding the study of reputations in the workplace. We then summarize several theoretical frameworks for studying reputations drawing from the literature on accuracy and errors in person perception, surveying the …
What’s “moral” in moral impressions? Exploring self-other agreement about the trait-specific component of moral impressions
How do people think about the impressions they make on others? The attitudes and substance of metaperceptions
This research aims to further our understanding of the processes of metaperception formation and meta-accuracy by introducing the positivity-specificity model to metaperception, which can be used to disentangle two components of trait metaperceptions: metapositivity (attitudes) and trait-specificity (substance). In two North American samples (Sample 1, N = 547; Sample 2, N = 553), we used the positivity-specificity model to investigate five impor…
A Meta‐Analytic Multitrait Multirater Separation of Substance and Style in Social Desirability Scales
Though unlikely virtues scales have a long history in personality, clinical, and applied psychology for detecting socially desirable responding, using such social desirability ( SD ) scales has generally failed to improve the validity of personality measures. We examined whether this is because (a) response distortion itself has minimal impact on personality's validity, (b) SD scales are ineffective at assessing response distortion, or (c) SD sca…
A Narrower Scope or a Clearer Lens for Personality? Examining Sources of Observers’ Advantages Over Self‐Reports for Predicting Performance
Emerging studies have shown that observers’ ratings of personality predict performance behaviors better than do self‐ratings. However, it is unclear whether these predictive advantages stem from (a) use of observers who have a frame of reference more closely aligned with the criterion (“narrower scope”) or (b) observers having greater accuracy than targets themselves (“clearer lens”). In a primary study of 291 raters of 97 targets, we found predi…
Separating method factors and higher order traits of the Big Five: A meta-analytic multitrait–multimethod approach
Though most personality researchers now recognize that ratings of the Big Five are not orthogonal, the field has been divided about whether these trait intercorrelations are substantive (i.e., driven by higher order factors) or artifactual (i.e., driven by correlated measurement error). We used a meta-analytic multitrait-multirater study to estimate trait correlations after common method variance was controlled. Our results indicated that common …
An other perspective on personality: Meta-analytic integration of observers' accuracy and predictive validity
The bulk of personality research has been built from self-report measures of personality. However, collecting personality ratings from other-raters, such as family, friends, and even strangers, is a dramatically underutilized method that allows better explanation and prediction of personality's role in many domains of psychology. Drawing hypotheses from D. C. Funder's (1995) realistic accuracy model about trait and information moderators of accur…
Responses to issues raised about validity, bias, and fairness in high-stakes testing
High stakes testing in higher education and employment: Appraising the evidence for validity and fairness
The authors review criticisms commonly leveled against cognitively loaded tests used for employment and higher education admissions decisions, with a focus on large-scale databases and meta-analytic evidence. They conclude that (a) tests of developed abilities are generally valid for their intended uses in predicting a wide variety of aspects of short-term and long-term academic and job performance, (b) validity is not an artifact of socioeconomi…
The Personality of Corruption: A National-Level Analysis
Many other areas in the social sciences (e.g., economics, political science, and sociology) have devoted considerable research to understanding antecedents to national corruption. However, little research has explored psychological antecedents—specifically, personality measured at an aggregate level. In this study of 54 countries, the authors examined the independent, combined, and unique effects of national personality and G. S. Hofstede's cultu…
An other perspective on personality: Meta-analytic integration of observers' accuracy and predictive validity
The bulk of personality research has been built from self-report measures of personality. However, collecting personality ratings from other-raters, such as family, friends, and even strangers, is a dramatically underutilized method that allows better explanation and prediction of personality's role in many domains of psychology. Drawing hypotheses from D. C. Funder's (1995) realistic accuracy model about trait and information moderators of accur…
High stakes testing in higher education and employment: Appraising the evidence for validity and fairness
The authors review criticisms commonly leveled against cognitively loaded tests used for employment and higher education admissions decisions, with a focus on large-scale databases and meta-analytic evidence. They conclude that (a) tests of developed abilities are generally valid for their intended uses in predicting a wide variety of aspects of short-term and long-term academic and job performance, (b) validity is not an artifact of socioeconomi…
Separating method factors and higher order traits of the Big Five: A meta-analytic multitrait–multimethod approach
Though most personality researchers now recognize that ratings of the Big Five are not orthogonal, the field has been divided about whether these trait intercorrelations are substantive (i.e., driven by higher order factors) or artifactual (i.e., driven by correlated measurement error). We used a meta-analytic multitrait-multirater study to estimate trait correlations after common method variance was controlled. Our results indicated that common …
The Personality of Corruption: A National-Level Analysis
Many other areas in the social sciences (e.g., economics, political science, and sociology) have devoted considerable research to understanding antecedents to national corruption. However, little research has explored psychological antecedents—specifically, personality measured at an aggregate level. In this study of 54 countries, the authors examined the independent, combined, and unique effects of national personality and G. S. Hofstede's cultu…
How do people think about the impressions they make on others? The attitudes and substance of metaperceptions
This research aims to further our understanding of the processes of metaperception formation and meta-accuracy by introducing the positivity-specificity model to metaperception, which can be used to disentangle two components of trait metaperceptions: metapositivity (attitudes) and trait-specificity (substance). In two North American samples (Sample 1, N = 547; Sample 2, N = 553), we used the positivity-specificity model to investigate five impor…
High stakes testing in higher education and employment: Appraising the evidence for validity and fairness
The authors review criticisms commonly leveled against cognitively loaded tests used for employment and higher education admissions decisions, with a focus on large-scale databases and meta-analytic evidence. They conclude that (a) tests of developed abilities are generally valid for their intended uses in predicting a wide variety of aspects of short-term and long-term academic and job performance, (b) validity is not an artifact of socioeconomi…
The Personality of Corruption: A National-Level Analysis
Many other areas in the social sciences (e.g., economics, political science, and sociology) have devoted considerable research to understanding antecedents to national corruption. However, little research has explored psychological antecedents—specifically, personality measured at an aggregate level. In this study of 54 countries, the authors examined the independent, combined, and unique effects of national personality and G. S. Hofstede's cultu…
Responses to issues raised about validity, bias, and fairness in high-stakes testing
An other perspective on personality: Meta-analytic integration of observers' accuracy and predictive validity
The bulk of personality research has been built from self-report measures of personality. However, collecting personality ratings from other-raters, such as family, friends, and even strangers, is a dramatically underutilized method that allows better explanation and prediction of personality's role in many domains of psychology. Drawing hypotheses from D. C. Funder's (1995) realistic accuracy model about trait and information moderators of accur…
A Narrower Scope or a Clearer Lens for Personality? Examining Sources of Observers’ Advantages Over Self‐Reports for Predicting Performance
Emerging studies have shown that observers’ ratings of personality predict performance behaviors better than do self‐ratings. However, it is unclear whether these predictive advantages stem from (a) use of observers who have a frame of reference more closely aligned with the criterion (“narrower scope”) or (b) observers having greater accuracy than targets themselves (“clearer lens”). In a primary study of 291 raters of 97 targets, we found predi…
Separating method factors and higher order traits of the Big Five: A meta-analytic multitrait–multimethod approach
Though most personality researchers now recognize that ratings of the Big Five are not orthogonal, the field has been divided about whether these trait intercorrelations are substantive (i.e., driven by higher order factors) or artifactual (i.e., driven by correlated measurement error). We used a meta-analytic multitrait-multirater study to estimate trait correlations after common method variance was controlled. Our results indicated that common …
A Meta‐Analytic Multitrait Multirater Separation of Substance and Style in Social Desirability Scales
Though unlikely virtues scales have a long history in personality, clinical, and applied psychology for detecting socially desirable responding, using such social desirability ( SD ) scales has generally failed to improve the validity of personality measures. We examined whether this is because (a) response distortion itself has minimal impact on personality's validity, (b) SD scales are ineffective at assessing response distortion, or (c) SD sca…
How do people think about the impressions they make on others? The attitudes and substance of metaperceptions
This research aims to further our understanding of the processes of metaperception formation and meta-accuracy by introducing the positivity-specificity model to metaperception, which can be used to disentangle two components of trait metaperceptions: metapositivity (attitudes) and trait-specificity (substance). In two North American samples (Sample 1, N = 547; Sample 2, N = 553), we used the positivity-specificity model to investigate five impor…
Reputations at Work: Origins and Outcomes of Shared Person Perceptions
Reputations are immensely consequential for both people and organizations. Yet research on reputations in the workplace is fragmented across a number of literatures. In this article, we first review conceptual and definitional issues surrounding the study of reputations in the workplace. We then summarize several theoretical frameworks for studying reputations drawing from the literature on accuracy and errors in person perception, surveying the …
What’s “moral” in moral impressions? Exploring self-other agreement about the trait-specific component of moral impressions
Who makes a more consistent first impression? Examining the structure and correlates of dissensus
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: How do targets shape consensus in impression formation? Targets are known to play an outsized role in the accuracy of first impressions, but their influence on consensus has been difficult to study. With the help of the recently developed extended Social Relations Model, we explore the structure and correlates of individual differences in consensus (i.e., dissensus). METHOD: Across 3 studies, 187 photographs of targets w…
Psychology (11 works) · Social Psychology (10 works) · Big Five personality traits (6 works) · Personality (6 works) · Personality Traits and Psychology (6 works) · Trait (6 works) · Extraversion and introversion (5 works) · Perception (5 works) · Social Psychology (5 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (4 works)