Christophe Snoeck
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 130319 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Christophe Snoeck |
| NOMBRES | Christophe |
| APELLIDO | Snoeck |
| FIRMA | SNOECK C |
| AFILIACIONES | Vrije Universiteit Brussel |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3770-4055 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 64 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 158 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 64 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2014 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Subsistence in post-medieval Funchal (Madeira, Portugal)
Isotopic Values of Prenatal Development
Multiproxy analysis reveals migration and potential origins of the first Christians in medieval Vilnius
Before Catholicism was officially adopted in AD 1387, the Lithuanian city of Vilnius was assumed to be largely pagan. Identification of Christian burials within a large medieval cemetery (late thirteenth–fourteenth centuries) in the city was therefore unexpected. Here, the authors employ multiproxy isotopic analyses of bone collagen, dentine and enamel to examine the origins of 15 individuals from the cemetery. Based on the results, the authors a…
Locals or Migrants? Isotope Analysis of Late Bronze – Pre-Roman Iron Age Human Cremations in Ėgliškiai Population
Archaeological data from the Bronze Age and Pre-Roman Iron Age reveal significant cultural changes in the East Baltic Region, often linked to influences from other parts of Europe. Whether immigration played a major role in these transformations, remains under debate. This paper presents the first strontium isotope measurements (87Sr/86Sr) from 25 human samples (cremations) recovered at the Ėgliškiai barrow cemetery in western Lithuania. The site…
Investigating cremation practice in Early Iron Age central Macedonia, Greece, through a multi-proxy analysis
Cremation was a widespread practice in central Macedonia, Greece during the Early Iron Age (ca. 1050–700 BCE), yet the study of cremated bone deposits is still limited. This study investigates cremation practice in the cemeteries of Polichni and Nea Philadelphia, aiming to assess intra- and inter-site variability in burning conditions. To address this, the cremated skeletal remains from 14 urns from Polichni and 15 from Nea Philadelphia were exam…
Diet, mobility and gendered violence
Multi-method analysis integrates proteomic sex identification with isotope analyses. • Integrates the divergent methodologies of analysing cremated and inhumed individuals. • Provides individual biographies with sex-linked data on mobility, diet, and violence. • Contributes to understanding gendered lifeways and emerging social stratification in Early Iron Age Central Europe. The Early Iron Age cemetery of Statzendorf (c. 800–400 BCE), which at d…
Cattle trade at the dawn of the Modern Era
Complex distribution of ancient carbon between tributaries of the Upper Lena seen in radiocarbon dates of modern fish
The results of radiocarbon dating of modern fish bone collagen from the Upper Lena River have identified a large and highly variable freshwater reservoir effect, with a maximum offset age of 2389 ± 19 14 C yr BP. Variable contributions from both dissolved bedrock carbonate and permafrost soil melt were identified as the drivers for these reservoir offsets using a combination of bulk and amino acid specific stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, as …
Novi grobovi iz Matavuna pri Škocjanu na Krasu
Prispevek podrobneje predstavlja pet žganih grobov iz pozne bronaste oz. starejše železne dobe, odkritih leta 2020 na območju Matavuna pri Škocjanu na Krasu. Gre za pomembno dopolnitev k dosedanjemu poznavanju najdišča, ne le zaradi njihove lege na robu že poznanega grobišča, ampak tudi zavoljo sodobnih terenskih in poterenskih raziskav ter spremljajočih naravoslovnih analiz. Tipološka in kronološka analiza keramičnih in kovinskih pridatkov ter r…
Determining the roots of Urnfield Culture at Přáslavice, Czech Republic
This study examines the residential mobility patterns and funerary practices of an Urnfield cemetery at Přáslavice, Czech Republic, using radiocarbon dating, carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotope analyses, and FTIR analysis. A regional bioavailable strontium baseline map was created using strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) of modern plant samples (n=208) from 70 localities across Moravia and Czech Silesia. Radiocarbon dates (n=17) suggest that …
Mercury treatment in late medieval European leprosaria? New data from human dental calculus
International audience
Strontium isotopes and concentrations in bioarchaeology – connecting diet and mobility
Strontium isotopes and concentrations have played a crucial role in bioarchaeological research for several decades, offering valuable insights into past human and animal mobility, dietary patterns, and landscape use. These geochemical markers have significantly enhanced our understanding of animal-human-environment interactions and are now considered an essential tool in archaeological science. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the cu…
Strontium, fire, and bones
Land management during the Bronze Age in the Upper Seine Valley (France)
During the Bronze Age, the Upper Seine Valley, in northeastern France, was a dynamic region, at the confluence of two rivers and at the crossroads of two cultural entities. Initially aligned with the Atlantic cultural sphere, the area experienced an increasing influence from the Tumulus culture between the 14th and 11th centuries BCE. This interaction led to significant transformations in material culture and funerary practices, notably with crem…
Mobilité ou pratiques sociales ? Évolution chronologique à Ensisheim durant la fin de l’âge du Bronze
Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 13 janvier 2026. Le texte seul est utilisable
Jaguars and raptorial birds
A range of scientific methods are used to explore the histories (14th-17th centuries) of a collection of wooden carvings from the Trombetas region of northeastern Brazil. • The first multidisciplinary scientific study of a rare group of Amazonian ceremonial wood carvings in 19th century museum collections. • Radiocarbon dating provides far deeper histories, with the earliest examples extending back to the 14th century. • Wood identification indic…
Rethinking strontium variability beyond mobility
Colonia Iulia Emona at the crossroads in the South-Eastern Alpine region during the late Roman period – An isotope perspective
Experimental insights into different funerary burning conditions on Crete island, Greece
Diet, mobility, and life histories during the early medieval period at San Vito al Tagliamento, Italy
This study investigates the life histories of three burials discovered in 2015, close to San Vito al Tagliamento, northeastern Italy. Despite the poor preservation of the skeletal remains and the paucity of contextual archaeological information, by using a multi-proxy approach including osteological analysis, radiocarbon dating, and isotopic analyses (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and strontium isotopes), it has been possible to reconstruct the palae…
New rites, local lives
Lively landscapes
The Late Bronze-Early Iron Age (LBA-EIA) urnfield of Tilburg-Udenhoutseweg yielded 229 cremation graves with various features. This large cemetery is a unique opportunity to reconstruct LBA-EIA population dynamics in the southeast of the Netherlands, where few of such large urnfields have been excavated. The combination of demographic data, strontium isotope ratios (Sr-87/Sr-86) of 109 selected cremation deposits, spatial organisation, and radioc…
The Roman way
Mobility in a medieval industrial city
Dynamiques territoriales et changements culturels à la fin de l'âge du Bronze
Dans la vallée de la Haute Seine, au nord-est de la France, la transition entre l’âge du Bronze moyen et l’âge du Bronze final révèle un changement culturel marqué. Les études montrent une évolution des dynamiques de population et des pratiques funéraires, influencées par des groupes venus de l’est, associés à la culture du Tumulus. L’étude se concentre sur deux sites à Marolles-sur-Seine, dans l’interfluve Seine-Yonne : la Croix-Saint-Jacques et…
Mobility during the neolithic and bronze age in northern ireland explored using strontium isotope analysis of cremated human bone
OBJECTIVES: As many individuals were cremated in Neolithic and Bronze Age Ireland, they have not featured in investigations of individual mobility using strontium isotope analysis. Here, we build on recent experiments demonstrating excellent preservation of biogenic (87) Sr/(86) Sr in calcined bone to explore mobility in prehistoric Northern Ireland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A novel method of strontium isotope analysis is applied to calcined bone a…
Testing the Effectiveness of Protocols for Removal of Common Conservation Treatments for Radiocarbon Dating
To achieve a reliable radiocarbon ( 14 C) date for an object, any contamination that may be of a different age must be removed prior to dating. Samples that have been conserved with treatments such as adhesives, varnishes or consolidants can pose a particular challenge to 14 C dating. At the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU), common examples of such substances encountered include shellac, the acrylic polymers Paraloid B-67 and B-72, and …
Impact of heating conditions on the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of calcined bone
Is it hot enough? A multi-proxy approach shows variations in cremation conditions during the Metal Ages in Belgium
Multi-proxy analyses reveal regional cremation practices and social status at the Late Bronze Age site of Herstal, Belgium
Cremation vs. Inhumation
The adoption of a new funerary ritual with all its social and cognitive meanings is of great importance to understanding social transformations of past societies. The first known occurrence of cremation in the territory corresponding to modern Belgium dates back to the Mesolithic period. From the end of the Neolithic onward, the practice of cremation was characterized by periods in which this rite was predominant and periods of contractions, defi…
Divergence, diet, and disease
The ups & downs of Iron Age animal management on the Oxfordshire Ridgeway, south-central England
Early medieval reliance on the land and the local
A Reassessment of the Routine Pretreatment Protocol for Radiocarbon Dating Cremated Bones
In the late 1990s, it was demonstrated that reliable radiocarbon dates could be obtained directly from cremated bone. Many 14 C laboratories have since used a protocol for pretreating cremated (calcined) bones that consists of consecutive treatments with bleach and acetic acid to remove organic matter and extraneous or diagenetic carbonate, respectively. In most instances, the bleach used is sodium hypochlorite, although in recent years the Oxfor…
Novel multidisciplinary approach detects multiple individuals within the same Late Bronze–Early Iron Age cremation graves
Cremation graves appear in different forms and shapes, from urns to simple pits and from single to plural graves. The challenging nature of highly fragmented cremated human remains renders the identification of multiple individuals within the same cremation grave rather complex. Osteological analyses alone are often insufficient to detect the presence of bone fragments from different individuals as they are small and diagnostic elements are often…
Final Neolithic and Bronze Age Funerary Practices and Population Dynamics in Belgium, the Impact of Radiocarbon Dating Cremated Bones
The Final Neolithic and the Bronze Age (3000–800 BC) are periods of great transformations in the communities inhabiting the area of modern-day Belgium, as testified by archaeological evidence showing an increasing complexity in social structure, technological transformations, and large-scale contacts. By combining 599 available radiocarbon dates with 88 new 14 C dates from 23 from funerary sites, this paper uses kernel density estimates to model …
Diet and mobility in early medieval coastal Belgium
The Origins of Tradescant’s ‘India Occidentali’ Wooden Clubs
This paper focuses on the material study (radiocarbon dating, wood identification and strontium isotope analyses) of four large ‘India occidentali’ clubs, part of the founding collections of the Ashmolean Museum, in Oxford, and originally part of John Tradescant’s ‘Ark’, in Lambeth (1656). During the seventeenth century, the term ‘India occidentali/occidentales’ referred not only to the ‘West Indies’ (its literal translation), but to the Americas…
When Dental Enamel is Put to the Acid Test
The influence of hydrochloric acid pretreatment on F 14 C and radiocarbon dates from dental enamel was investigated. Samples from modern equine incisors, a Roman cattle molar, and a Paleolithic woolly rhino molar were sampled and subsequently divided into five fractions. Each fraction was pretreated with a different acid solution, analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14 C dated at t…
Past rainfall patterns in Southeast Asia revealed by microanalysis of δ18O values in human teeth
Variations in human subsistence and settlement patterns have been documented at Holocene archaeological sites across Island and Mainland Southeast Asia. Although climate is frequently invoked as a causal mechanism underlying this variation, direct evidence of ancient rainfall variability on the scale of human lifetimes has thus far been elusive. Here we use a novel time-resolute method for in situ measurement of human tooth enamel δ18O values (n …
Isotopic evidence for changing mobility and landscape use patterns between the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age in western Ireland
Anomalous Radiocarbon Dates from the Early Medieval Cremation Graves from Broechem (Flanders, Belgium)
As part of the study of the early medieval cemetery at Broechem (Belgium), human bones from 32 cremation graves have been dated through radiocarbon ( 14 C) analysis. It was noted that many of the dates were not in accordance with the chronological ranges provided by the characteristics of the cultural artifacts deposited in the graves. In fact, the human bones were “older” than the artifacts. Subsequently, a number of animal bones (in all cases f…
The Roman way
Over the river and into the hills
The Late Bronze Age is characterized by the increasing homogenization of material culture and the prevalence of urn burials. The cemetery of Inzersdorf, located in the Lower Traisen Valley, Austria, is used to investigate whether changes in burial practices during the Late Bronze Age were locally driven or influenced by external factors. This study interprets strontium isotope data from 215 calcined human bone samples in the context of a local ba…
Estimating age‐at‐death in burnt adult human remains using the Falys–Prangle method
OBJECTIVES: The Falys-Prangle-method assesses age-related morphological changes to the sternal clavicle end (SCE), enabling the observation of mature adults from the 5th decade onwards in unburnt human skeletal remains. The aim of this study is to investigate the applicability of the Falys-Prangle-method on burnt human remains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two SCE of 40 cremated individuals (out of 86) from the William M. Bass collection of the F…
Using δ 2 H in Human Bone Collagen to Correct for Freshwater 14 C Reservoir Offsets
There is increasing awareness of the need to correct for freshwater as well as marine reservoir effects when undertaking radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating of human remains. Here, we explore the use of stable hydrogen isotopes (δ 2 H), alongside the more commonly used stable carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen isotopes (δ 15 N), for correcting 14 C freshwater reservoir offsets in 10 paired human-faunal dates from graves at the prehistoric cemetery of Shamanka I…
Land management during the Bronze Age in the Upper Seine Valley (France)
During the Bronze Age, the Upper Seine Valley, in northeastern France, was a dynamic region, at the confluence of two rivers and at the crossroads of two cultural entities. Initially aligned with the Atlantic cultural sphere, the area experienced an increasing influence from the Tumulus culture between the 14th and 11th centuries BCE. This interaction led to significant transformations in material culture and funerary practices, notably with crem…
Experimental insights into different funerary burning conditions on Crete island, Greece
Mobility in a medieval industrial city
From bone to ash
Impact of contamination and pre‐treatment on stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of charred plant remains
RATIONALE: Stable isotope analysis of archaeological charred plants has become a useful tool for interpreting past agricultural practices and refining ancient dietary reconstruction. Charred material that lay buried in soil for millennia, however, is susceptible to various kinds of contamination, whose impact on the grain/seed isotopic composition is poorly understood. Pre-treatment protocols have been adapted in distinct forms from radiocarbon d…
Calcined bone provides a reliable substrate for strontium isotope ratios as shown by an enrichment experiment
RATIONALE: Strontium isotopes ((87) Sr/(86) Sr) are used in archaeological and forensic science as markers of residence or mobility because they reflect the local geological substrate. Currently, tooth enamel is considered to be the most reliable tissue, but it rarely survives heating so that in cremations only calcined bone fragments survive. We set out to test the proposition that calcined bone might prove resistant to diagenesis, given its rel…
Impact of heating conditions on the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of calcined bone
Comparing bioapatite carbonate pre-treatments for isotopic measurements
A Reassessment of the Routine Pretreatment Protocol for Radiocarbon Dating Cremated Bones
In the late 1990s, it was demonstrated that reliable radiocarbon dates could be obtained directly from cremated bone. Many 14 C laboratories have since used a protocol for pretreating cremated (calcined) bones that consists of consecutive treatments with bleach and acetic acid to remove organic matter and extraneous or diagenetic carbonate, respectively. In most instances, the bleach used is sodium hypochlorite, although in recent years the Oxfor…
When Dental Enamel is Put to the Acid Test
The influence of hydrochloric acid pretreatment on F 14 C and radiocarbon dates from dental enamel was investigated. Samples from modern equine incisors, a Roman cattle molar, and a Paleolithic woolly rhino molar were sampled and subsequently divided into five fractions. Each fraction was pretreated with a different acid solution, analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14 C dated at t…
Mobility during the neolithic and bronze age in northern ireland explored using strontium isotope analysis of cremated human bone
OBJECTIVES: As many individuals were cremated in Neolithic and Bronze Age Ireland, they have not featured in investigations of individual mobility using strontium isotope analysis. Here, we build on recent experiments demonstrating excellent preservation of biogenic (87) Sr/(86) Sr in calcined bone to explore mobility in prehistoric Northern Ireland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A novel method of strontium isotope analysis is applied to calcined bone a…
Black pitch, carved histories
East-central Florida pre-Columbian wood sculpture
Early medieval reliance on the land and the local
Testing the Effectiveness of Protocols for Removal of Common Conservation Treatments for Radiocarbon Dating
To achieve a reliable radiocarbon ( 14 C) date for an object, any contamination that may be of a different age must be removed prior to dating. Samples that have been conserved with treatments such as adhesives, varnishes or consolidants can pose a particular challenge to 14 C dating. At the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU), common examples of such substances encountered include shellac, the acrylic polymers Paraloid B-67 and B-72, and …
Using δ 2 H in Human Bone Collagen to Correct for Freshwater 14 C Reservoir Offsets
There is increasing awareness of the need to correct for freshwater as well as marine reservoir effects when undertaking radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating of human remains. Here, we explore the use of stable hydrogen isotopes (δ 2 H), alongside the more commonly used stable carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen isotopes (δ 15 N), for correcting 14 C freshwater reservoir offsets in 10 paired human-faunal dates from graves at the prehistoric cemetery of Shamanka I…
The Origins of Tradescant’s ‘India Occidentali’ Wooden Clubs
This paper focuses on the material study (radiocarbon dating, wood identification and strontium isotope analyses) of four large ‘India occidentali’ clubs, part of the founding collections of the Ashmolean Museum, in Oxford, and originally part of John Tradescant’s ‘Ark’, in Lambeth (1656). During the seventeenth century, the term ‘India occidentali/occidentales’ referred not only to the ‘West Indies’ (its literal translation), but to the Americas…
The ups & downs of Iron Age animal management on the Oxfordshire Ridgeway, south-central England
Towards a biologically available strontium isotope baseline for Ireland
Le projet Crumbel et l’apport de la recherche archéométrique
Le projet CRUMBEL vise à étudier la mobilité ancienne des populations sur le territoire de la Belgique, du Néolithique au début du Moyen Âge. Pour atteindre ces objectifs de recherche, différents sujets seront étudiés. Dans une première phase, les anciennes collections d’os humains incinérés seront répertoriées. Des échantillons provenant des sites funéraires feront ensuite l’objet d’analyses archéométriques des isotopes stables et de datations r…
Understanding the post-Archaic population of Satricum, Italy
This paper contributes to the current debate regarding the ethno-cultural identity and origins of the post-Archaic (5th to 4th centuries BCE) population of the town of Satricum by introducing bioarchaeologial data including strontium isotope ratios, strontium concentrations, δ13C and δ18O values of tooth enamel, as well as dental morphological traits. Previous studies suggested a change in the original Latin population of ancient Satricum as a re…
Isotopic evidence for changing mobility and landscape use patterns between the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age in western Ireland
Anomalous Radiocarbon Dates from the Early Medieval Cremation Graves from Broechem (Flanders, Belgium)
As part of the study of the early medieval cemetery at Broechem (Belgium), human bones from 32 cremation graves have been dated through radiocarbon ( 14 C) analysis. It was noted that many of the dates were not in accordance with the chronological ranges provided by the characteristics of the cultural artifacts deposited in the graves. In fact, the human bones were “older” than the artifacts. Subsequently, a number of animal bones (in all cases f…
Cremation vs. Inhumation
The adoption of a new funerary ritual with all its social and cognitive meanings is of great importance to understanding social transformations of past societies. The first known occurrence of cremation in the territory corresponding to modern Belgium dates back to the Mesolithic period. From the end of the Neolithic onward, the practice of cremation was characterized by periods in which this rite was predominant and periods of contractions, defi…
Rapid loss of endogenous DNA in pig bone buried in five different environments
The rate at which endogenous DNA from differently prepared (butchered, boiled and baked) compact pig bones degrades in five different Danish terrestrial and marine environments over 12 months was investigated. Although > 70% of the estimated endogenous mtDNA is lost after just four weeks of exposure, no cytosine deamination of DNA was recognised. A correlation between the presence of oxygen and the amount of preserved DNA was observed. The result…
Is it hot enough? A multi-proxy approach shows variations in cremation conditions during the Metal Ages in Belgium
Multi-proxy analyses reveal regional cremation practices and social status at the Late Bronze Age site of Herstal, Belgium
Estimating age‐at‐death in burnt adult human remains using the Falys–Prangle method
OBJECTIVES: The Falys-Prangle-method assesses age-related morphological changes to the sternal clavicle end (SCE), enabling the observation of mature adults from the 5th decade onwards in unburnt human skeletal remains. The aim of this study is to investigate the applicability of the Falys-Prangle-method on burnt human remains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two SCE of 40 cremated individuals (out of 86) from the William M. Bass collection of the F…
Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (53 obras) · Geography (39 obras) · Archaeology (35 obras) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (29 obras) · Geology (23 obras) · Chemistry (22 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (20 obras) · Radiocarbon dating (17 obras) · Strontium (17 obras) · Isotope analysis (16 obras)