Karel Van Den Bosch
Biographic Data
| ID | 131859 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Karel Van Den Bosch |
| GIVEN NAMES | Karel Van Den |
| FAMILY NAME | Bosch |
| SIGNATURE | VAN DEN BOSCH K |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Antwerp |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3996-550X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 89 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Role of emotions in responsible military AI
The impact of taking up care tasks on pensions
Informal care is often accompanied by a reduction or abandonment of professional activity by the caregiver. Therefore, caregiving may be associated with a lower pension for the former caregiver than for people without care obligations. There is a large gender difference in informal care responsibilities, and this may contribute to the gender pension gap. As the impact of care-related labour market decisions depends on the design of the pension sy…
Design patterns for human-AI co-learning
The rapid advancement of technology empowered by artificial intelligence is believed to intensify the collaboration between humans and AI as team partners. Successful collaboration requires partners to learn about each other and about the task. This human-AI co-learning can be achieved by presenting situations that enable partners to share knowledge and experiences. In this paper we describe the development and implementation of a task context an…
How Do Gendered Labour Market Trends and the Pay Gap Translate into the Projected Gender Pension Gap? A Comparative Analysis of Five Countries with Low, Middle and High GPGs
This article explores how the Gender Pension Gap (GPG)—the relative difference in average pension received by men and women—might evolve in the future in various European countries, given past, current, and projected future labour market behaviour and earnings of women and men, and current pension regulations. The GPG reflects career inequalities between women and men, though these are partly mitigated by the redistributive impact of the public r…
A new poverty indicator for Europe
The methodology currently used to measure poverty in the European Union faces some important limitations. Capturing key aspects of poverty is done using a dashboard of indicators, which often tell conflicting stories. We propose a new income-based measure of poverty for Europe that captures in a consistent way in a single indicator the level of relative poverty, the intensity of poverty, poverty with a threshold anchored in time and a pan-Europea…
Human-centered XAI
Much of the research on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has centered on providing transparency of machine learning models. More recently, the focus on human-centered approaches to XAI has increased. Yet, there is a lack of practical methods and examples on the integration of human factors into the development processes of AI-generated explanations that humans prove to uptake for better performance. This paper presents a case study of an…
Hybrid collective intelligence in a human–AI society
Social policy strategies to combat income poverty of children and families in Europe
This chapter provides some general policy recommendations for combating income poverty among children and families in Europe. It identifies which families with children are most at risk of poverty. Single parents obviously belong to this category, but -what is less well known - so do families with three or more children. A central element in the strategy would be the provision of child care at prices that every parent can afford. The chapter disc…
Identifying the Poor
This title was first published in 2002: An investigation into the problem of identifying the poor and determining the poverty line. The book focuses on one particular approach to the issue, where survey respondents are asked for their views, and outlines the four variants in the approach: the consensual income method; the consensual standard of living method; the income evaluation method; and the income satisfaction method. The book contains an e…
Exit from and re‐entry into social assistance benefit in Belgium among people with migration background and the native‐born
Whereas several studies have examined the timing of exit from social assistance, little is known about the exit destinations after social assistance and whether these entail different risks of re‐entry into social assistance. Using administrative data, we studied 13,552 people with various migration backgrounds who entered social assistance in Belgium in 2004 or 2005. We tracked their social assistance spell(s) and the income source(s) after exit…
Do First- and Second-Generation Migrants Stay Longer in Social Assistance Than Natives in Belgium
Towards Cross-Country Comparable Reference Budgets in Europe
In Europe, reference budgets are increasingly recognised as a helpful tool for policy making and monitoring. If developed in a cross-country comparable way, reference budgets could, in addition, prove to be useful for cross-national learning and contextualising the EU social indicators. However, current reference budgets are not comparable across countries. In this article we report on the first results of a concerted effort to construct comparab…
The social stratification of social risks
Over the course of the past 20 years, welfare states are said to have evolved towards a ‘social investment’ model of welfare – characterized by a focus on equality of opportunity and upward social mobility along with a greater emphasis on individual responsibility. In view of these policy changes, it is necessary to assess whether traditional stratification cleavages (still) affect the occurrence of ‘social risks’. Using data from the 2005 EU-SIL…
Developing and Learning from EU Measures of Social Inclusion
This chapter describes the main concepts of social inclusion used by the European Commission and EU countries in the context of the social open method of coordination (OMC). The discussion aims to bring out the value of going beyond purely income-based measures of poverty to include other dimensions, which is what the indicators adopted for monitoring the social OMC are intended to achieve. For this purpose, it draws on the EU Statistics on Incom…
Explaining Simulations Through Self Explaining Agents
Several strategies are used to explain emergent interaction patterns in agent-based simulations. A distinction can be made between simulations in which the agents just behave in a reactive way, and simulations involving agents with also pro-active (goal-directed) behavior. Pro-active behavior is more variable and harder to predict than reactive behavior, and therefore it might be harder to explain. However, the approach presented in this paper tr…
The Puzzle of Egalitarianism. The Relationship between Employment, Wage Inequality, Social Expenditure and Poverty
In social policy debates, there are fundamentally different views of links between such key variables as employment, low pay, social transfers and poverty. This paper reviews basic empirical evidence on the validity of these views and the policy prescriptions that follow from them, drawing mainly on cross-country comparative studies. These reveal that clear and striking cross-country correlations prevail, but not, as is often so readily suggested…
Identifying the poor
Poor Readers' Decoding Skills
Item does not contain fulltext
A comparison of poverty in seven European countries and regions using subjective and relative measures
Poverty and Adequacy of Social Security in Europe
The aims of this collective research project in seven countries and regions in the EC, as regards content, were to establish in a comparative way the number of poor households in each country, to identity social groups at high risk of poverty, to assess the adequacy of social security in guaranteeing a minimum income (thus focusing on results, instead of on the means involved), and to distinguish between temporary and longer- term poverty by mean…
The social stratification of social risks
Over the course of the past 20 years, welfare states are said to have evolved towards a ‘social investment’ model of welfare – characterized by a focus on equality of opportunity and upward social mobility along with a greater emphasis on individual responsibility. In view of these policy changes, it is necessary to assess whether traditional stratification cleavages (still) affect the occurrence of ‘social risks’. Using data from the 2005 EU-SIL…
Towards Cross-Country Comparable Reference Budgets in Europe
In Europe, reference budgets are increasingly recognised as a helpful tool for policy making and monitoring. If developed in a cross-country comparable way, reference budgets could, in addition, prove to be useful for cross-national learning and contextualising the EU social indicators. However, current reference budgets are not comparable across countries. In this article we report on the first results of a concerted effort to construct comparab…
A comparison of poverty in seven European countries and regions using subjective and relative measures
Poverty and Adequacy of Social Security in Europe
The aims of this collective research project in seven countries and regions in the EC, as regards content, were to establish in a comparative way the number of poor households in each country, to identity social groups at high risk of poverty, to assess the adequacy of social security in guaranteeing a minimum income (thus focusing on results, instead of on the means involved), and to distinguish between temporary and longer- term poverty by mean…
Exit from and re‐entry into social assistance benefit in Belgium among people with migration background and the native‐born
Whereas several studies have examined the timing of exit from social assistance, little is known about the exit destinations after social assistance and whether these entail different risks of re‐entry into social assistance. Using administrative data, we studied 13,552 people with various migration backgrounds who entered social assistance in Belgium in 2004 or 2005. We tracked their social assistance spell(s) and the income source(s) after exit…
A new poverty indicator for Europe
The methodology currently used to measure poverty in the European Union faces some important limitations. Capturing key aspects of poverty is done using a dashboard of indicators, which often tell conflicting stories. We propose a new income-based measure of poverty for Europe that captures in a consistent way in a single indicator the level of relative poverty, the intensity of poverty, poverty with a threshold anchored in time and a pan-Europea…
Do First- and Second-Generation Migrants Stay Longer in Social Assistance Than Natives in Belgium
The Puzzle of Egalitarianism. The Relationship between Employment, Wage Inequality, Social Expenditure and Poverty
In social policy debates, there are fundamentally different views of links between such key variables as employment, low pay, social transfers and poverty. This paper reviews basic empirical evidence on the validity of these views and the policy prescriptions that follow from them, drawing mainly on cross-country comparative studies. These reveal that clear and striking cross-country correlations prevail, but not, as is often so readily suggested…
Poverty and Adequacy of Social Security in Europe
The aims of this collective research project in seven countries and regions in the EC, as regards content, were to establish in a comparative way the number of poor households in each country, to identity social groups at high risk of poverty, to assess the adequacy of social security in guaranteeing a minimum income (thus focusing on results, instead of on the means involved), and to distinguish between temporary and longer- term poverty by mean…
A comparison of poverty in seven European countries and regions using subjective and relative measures
Poor Readers' Decoding Skills
Item does not contain fulltext
Identifying the poor
The Puzzle of Egalitarianism. The Relationship between Employment, Wage Inequality, Social Expenditure and Poverty
In social policy debates, there are fundamentally different views of links between such key variables as employment, low pay, social transfers and poverty. This paper reviews basic empirical evidence on the validity of these views and the policy prescriptions that follow from them, drawing mainly on cross-country comparative studies. These reveal that clear and striking cross-country correlations prevail, but not, as is often so readily suggested…
Explaining Simulations Through Self Explaining Agents
Several strategies are used to explain emergent interaction patterns in agent-based simulations. A distinction can be made between simulations in which the agents just behave in a reactive way, and simulations involving agents with also pro-active (goal-directed) behavior. Pro-active behavior is more variable and harder to predict than reactive behavior, and therefore it might be harder to explain. However, the approach presented in this paper tr…
Developing and Learning from EU Measures of Social Inclusion
This chapter describes the main concepts of social inclusion used by the European Commission and EU countries in the context of the social open method of coordination (OMC). The discussion aims to bring out the value of going beyond purely income-based measures of poverty to include other dimensions, which is what the indicators adopted for monitoring the social OMC are intended to achieve. For this purpose, it draws on the EU Statistics on Incom…
The social stratification of social risks
Over the course of the past 20 years, welfare states are said to have evolved towards a ‘social investment’ model of welfare – characterized by a focus on equality of opportunity and upward social mobility along with a greater emphasis on individual responsibility. In view of these policy changes, it is necessary to assess whether traditional stratification cleavages (still) affect the occurrence of ‘social risks’. Using data from the 2005 EU-SIL…
Towards Cross-Country Comparable Reference Budgets in Europe
In Europe, reference budgets are increasingly recognised as a helpful tool for policy making and monitoring. If developed in a cross-country comparable way, reference budgets could, in addition, prove to be useful for cross-national learning and contextualising the EU social indicators. However, current reference budgets are not comparable across countries. In this article we report on the first results of a concerted effort to construct comparab…
Identifying the Poor
This title was first published in 2002: An investigation into the problem of identifying the poor and determining the poverty line. The book focuses on one particular approach to the issue, where survey respondents are asked for their views, and outlines the four variants in the approach: the consensual income method; the consensual standard of living method; the income evaluation method; and the income satisfaction method. The book contains an e…
Exit from and re‐entry into social assistance benefit in Belgium among people with migration background and the native‐born
Whereas several studies have examined the timing of exit from social assistance, little is known about the exit destinations after social assistance and whether these entail different risks of re‐entry into social assistance. Using administrative data, we studied 13,552 people with various migration backgrounds who entered social assistance in Belgium in 2004 or 2005. We tracked their social assistance spell(s) and the income source(s) after exit…
Do First- and Second-Generation Migrants Stay Longer in Social Assistance Than Natives in Belgium
Social policy strategies to combat income poverty of children and families in Europe
This chapter provides some general policy recommendations for combating income poverty among children and families in Europe. It identifies which families with children are most at risk of poverty. Single parents obviously belong to this category, but -what is less well known - so do families with three or more children. A central element in the strategy would be the provision of child care at prices that every parent can afford. The chapter disc…
Human-centered XAI
Much of the research on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has centered on providing transparency of machine learning models. More recently, the focus on human-centered approaches to XAI has increased. Yet, there is a lack of practical methods and examples on the integration of human factors into the development processes of AI-generated explanations that humans prove to uptake for better performance. This paper presents a case study of an…
Hybrid collective intelligence in a human–AI society
Design patterns for human-AI co-learning
The rapid advancement of technology empowered by artificial intelligence is believed to intensify the collaboration between humans and AI as team partners. Successful collaboration requires partners to learn about each other and about the task. This human-AI co-learning can be achieved by presenting situations that enable partners to share knowledge and experiences. In this paper we describe the development and implementation of a task context an…
How Do Gendered Labour Market Trends and the Pay Gap Translate into the Projected Gender Pension Gap? A Comparative Analysis of Five Countries with Low, Middle and High GPGs
This article explores how the Gender Pension Gap (GPG)—the relative difference in average pension received by men and women—might evolve in the future in various European countries, given past, current, and projected future labour market behaviour and earnings of women and men, and current pension regulations. The GPG reflects career inequalities between women and men, though these are partly mitigated by the redistributive impact of the public r…
A new poverty indicator for Europe
The methodology currently used to measure poverty in the European Union faces some important limitations. Capturing key aspects of poverty is done using a dashboard of indicators, which often tell conflicting stories. We propose a new income-based measure of poverty for Europe that captures in a consistent way in a single indicator the level of relative poverty, the intensity of poverty, poverty with a threshold anchored in time and a pan-Europea…
Role of emotions in responsible military AI
The impact of taking up care tasks on pensions
Informal care is often accompanied by a reduction or abandonment of professional activity by the caregiver. Therefore, caregiving may be associated with a lower pension for the former caregiver than for people without care obligations. There is a large gender difference in informal care responsibilities, and this may contribute to the gender pension gap. As the impact of care-related labour market decisions depends on the design of the pension sy…
Economics (12 works) · Demographic economics (9 works) · Economic growth (9 works) · Social Policy and Reform Studies (9 works) · Computer Science (8 works) · Political science (8 works) · Geography (7 works) · Sociology (7 works) · Employment and Welfare Studies (6 works) · Poverty (6 works)