B L Driver
Biographic Data
| ID | 1321992 |
|---|---|
| NAME | B L Driver |
| GIVEN NAMES | B L |
| FAMILY NAME | Driver |
| SIGNATURE | DRIVER B L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Rocky Mountain Research Station |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 16 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 355 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 16 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1966 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2002 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Reality Testing
Measuring Leisure Motivation
One approach to studying the motivations for leisure is to focus on the desired goal States that are attained through participation in leisure. The Recreation Experience Preference (REP) scales were developed for measuring these goal States. In an attempt to provide a summary integrative analysis of the structure of the REP scales, the present study conducted a meta-analysis of 36 studies that have used REP items. The studies were used to obtain …
Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Leisure Choice
The theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985, 1987) is used to predict leisure intentions and behavior. College students completed a questionnaire that measured involvement, moods, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions concerning five leisure activities: spending time at the beach, jogging or running, mountain climbing, boating, and biking. One year later the participants reported how often they had performed th…
Prediction of leisure participation from behavioral, normative, and control beliefs
The theory of planned behavior (Ajzen 1985, 1987) is offered as a comprehensive framework for understanding of leisure participation. Salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs, theoretically the basic determinants of behavior, were assessed with respect to five leisure activities: spending time at the beach, jogging or running, mountain climbing, boating, and biking. College students completed a questionnaire containing measures of these…
Focusing Research on the Benefits of Leisure
Psychophysiological Indicators of Leisure Consequences
Psychophysiological approaches to studying leisure use physiological measures to assess stress, attention, emotions, and other responses. These methods are discussed from the standpoint of their capabilities, advantages, and limitations for leisure research. Emphasis is given to the use of psychophysiological approaches for investigating stress reducing consequences of leisure experiences in natural environments. Although findings are limited, re…
The ROS planning system
This paper describes the evolution of the concept of the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS)—a largely resource‐based approach to providing recreational diversity. It explains the needs of the USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management for a recreation resource planning system and relates those needs to the development of the ROS system to guide recreation planning of large areas. The basic concepts and tenets of the ROS system are …
Type II Errors in Leisure Research
Statistical tests can lead to erroneous conclusions about the null hypothesis. Attention frequently is focused exclusively on the probability of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true. We argue that the probability of failing to reject the null hypothesis in favor of an alternative hypothesis deserves increased attention and emphasis in exploratory research.KEYWORDS: Powersignificance testsType I errors
Analysis of ordinal data to detect population differences
Stability of Recreation Experience Preference (REP) Ratings for Samples and Individuals Across Three Measurement Periods
This study investigated the stability of REP items measuring the likelihood and importance of possible psychological outcomes of a recreational experience across the time and location of measurement and the instructional set used with the items. Adequate stability was observed for the total sample of respondents but the stability of individuals' responses was marginal
Specifying what is produced by management of wildlife by public agencies
The need for better specification of the goods and services (immediate outputs) produced by public wildlife management is explained. An approach for such product differentiation is proposed, and examples of its use are highlighted
A Test of Concepts Inherent in Experience Based Setting Management for Outdoor Recreation Areas
This study examines assumptions of the concepts which form the basis for experience based setting management of outdoor recreation areas. To test the assumptions a sample of wilderness users was surveyed and divided into experience groups based on differences in the specific experiences they desire. These experience groups were then tested for differences in their activity and setting preferences. The study was conducted at the Bridget Wilderness…
Visitor Employed Photography
Results of three replications of a technique called Visitor Employed Photography (VEP) are reported. Sampled users of each of the study areas revealed common patterns of perceptual response even when tests for differences were made across up to 17 different user characteristics. Theoretical explanations for this commonality are offered, as are implications for recreation resource planning and management
Construct validity of instruments measuring recreationists’ preferences
The construct validity of eight psychometric scales designed to measure the experiences that recreationists desire was investigated. A multitrait‐multimethod analysis was performed employing two Likert‐style formats, fractionation scaling and paired comparisons. The construct validity of seven of eight scales studied was verified. Implications are made concerning the use of these instruments in order to provide valid information for recreation re…
Reliability and Concurrent Validity of the Recreation Experience Preference Scales
Two procedures for scoring the Recreation Experience Preference scales were investigated from using data obtained from respondents engaged in outdoor recreational activities in Pennsylvania (N = 463) and Michigan (N = 1531). Both scoring procedures were judged to yield acceptable levels of reliability and concurrent validity. In field situations where there is less time to question respondents, the briefer domain scoring strategy is preferred. Wh…
An Ecological Approach to Environmental Stress
Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Leisure Choice
The theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985, 1987) is used to predict leisure intentions and behavior. College students completed a questionnaire that measured involvement, moods, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions concerning five leisure activities: spending time at the beach, jogging or running, mountain climbing, boating, and biking. One year later the participants reported how often they had performed th…
Measuring Leisure Motivation
One approach to studying the motivations for leisure is to focus on the desired goal States that are attained through participation in leisure. The Recreation Experience Preference (REP) scales were developed for measuring these goal States. In an attempt to provide a summary integrative analysis of the structure of the REP scales, the present study conducted a meta-analysis of 36 studies that have used REP items. The studies were used to obtain …
Prediction of leisure participation from behavioral, normative, and control beliefs
The theory of planned behavior (Ajzen 1985, 1987) is offered as a comprehensive framework for understanding of leisure participation. Salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs, theoretically the basic determinants of behavior, were assessed with respect to five leisure activities: spending time at the beach, jogging or running, mountain climbing, boating, and biking. College students completed a questionnaire containing measures of these…
A Test of Concepts Inherent in Experience Based Setting Management for Outdoor Recreation Areas
This study examines assumptions of the concepts which form the basis for experience based setting management of outdoor recreation areas. To test the assumptions a sample of wilderness users was surveyed and divided into experience groups based on differences in the specific experiences they desire. These experience groups were then tested for differences in their activity and setting preferences. The study was conducted at the Bridget Wilderness…
The ROS planning system
This paper describes the evolution of the concept of the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS)—a largely resource‐based approach to providing recreational diversity. It explains the needs of the USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management for a recreation resource planning system and relates those needs to the development of the ROS system to guide recreation planning of large areas. The basic concepts and tenets of the ROS system are …
Visitor Employed Photography
Results of three replications of a technique called Visitor Employed Photography (VEP) are reported. Sampled users of each of the study areas revealed common patterns of perceptual response even when tests for differences were made across up to 17 different user characteristics. Theoretical explanations for this commonality are offered, as are implications for recreation resource planning and management
Psychophysiological Indicators of Leisure Consequences
Psychophysiological approaches to studying leisure use physiological measures to assess stress, attention, emotions, and other responses. These methods are discussed from the standpoint of their capabilities, advantages, and limitations for leisure research. Emphasis is given to the use of psychophysiological approaches for investigating stress reducing consequences of leisure experiences in natural environments. Although findings are limited, re…
Focusing Research on the Benefits of Leisure
Type II Errors in Leisure Research
Statistical tests can lead to erroneous conclusions about the null hypothesis. Attention frequently is focused exclusively on the probability of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true. We argue that the probability of failing to reject the null hypothesis in favor of an alternative hypothesis deserves increased attention and emphasis in exploratory research.KEYWORDS: Powersignificance testsType I errors
Specifying what is produced by management of wildlife by public agencies
The need for better specification of the goods and services (immediate outputs) produced by public wildlife management is explained. An approach for such product differentiation is proposed, and examples of its use are highlighted
Reality Testing
Analysis of ordinal data to detect population differences
Construct validity of instruments measuring recreationists’ preferences
The construct validity of eight psychometric scales designed to measure the experiences that recreationists desire was investigated. A multitrait‐multimethod analysis was performed employing two Likert‐style formats, fractionation scaling and paired comparisons. The construct validity of seven of eight scales studied was verified. Implications are made concerning the use of these instruments in order to provide valid information for recreation re…
An Ecological Approach to Environmental Stress
Reliability and Concurrent Validity of the Recreation Experience Preference Scales
Two procedures for scoring the Recreation Experience Preference scales were investigated from using data obtained from respondents engaged in outdoor recreational activities in Pennsylvania (N = 463) and Michigan (N = 1531). Both scoring procedures were judged to yield acceptable levels of reliability and concurrent validity. In field situations where there is less time to question respondents, the briefer domain scoring strategy is preferred. Wh…
Construct validity of instruments measuring recreationists’ preferences
The construct validity of eight psychometric scales designed to measure the experiences that recreationists desire was investigated. A multitrait‐multimethod analysis was performed employing two Likert‐style formats, fractionation scaling and paired comparisons. The construct validity of seven of eight scales studied was verified. Implications are made concerning the use of these instruments in order to provide valid information for recreation re…
A Test of Concepts Inherent in Experience Based Setting Management for Outdoor Recreation Areas
This study examines assumptions of the concepts which form the basis for experience based setting management of outdoor recreation areas. To test the assumptions a sample of wilderness users was surveyed and divided into experience groups based on differences in the specific experiences they desire. These experience groups were then tested for differences in their activity and setting preferences. The study was conducted at the Bridget Wilderness…
Visitor Employed Photography
Results of three replications of a technique called Visitor Employed Photography (VEP) are reported. Sampled users of each of the study areas revealed common patterns of perceptual response even when tests for differences were made across up to 17 different user characteristics. Theoretical explanations for this commonality are offered, as are implications for recreation resource planning and management
Specifying what is produced by management of wildlife by public agencies
The need for better specification of the goods and services (immediate outputs) produced by public wildlife management is explained. An approach for such product differentiation is proposed, and examples of its use are highlighted
Stability of Recreation Experience Preference (REP) Ratings for Samples and Individuals Across Three Measurement Periods
This study investigated the stability of REP items measuring the likelihood and importance of possible psychological outcomes of a recreational experience across the time and location of measurement and the instructional set used with the items. Adequate stability was observed for the total sample of respondents but the stability of individuals' responses was marginal
The ROS planning system
This paper describes the evolution of the concept of the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS)—a largely resource‐based approach to providing recreational diversity. It explains the needs of the USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management for a recreation resource planning system and relates those needs to the development of the ROS system to guide recreation planning of large areas. The basic concepts and tenets of the ROS system are …
Type II Errors in Leisure Research
Statistical tests can lead to erroneous conclusions about the null hypothesis. Attention frequently is focused exclusively on the probability of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true. We argue that the probability of failing to reject the null hypothesis in favor of an alternative hypothesis deserves increased attention and emphasis in exploratory research.KEYWORDS: Powersignificance testsType I errors
Analysis of ordinal data to detect population differences
Focusing Research on the Benefits of Leisure
Psychophysiological Indicators of Leisure Consequences
Psychophysiological approaches to studying leisure use physiological measures to assess stress, attention, emotions, and other responses. These methods are discussed from the standpoint of their capabilities, advantages, and limitations for leisure research. Emphasis is given to the use of psychophysiological approaches for investigating stress reducing consequences of leisure experiences in natural environments. Although findings are limited, re…
Prediction of leisure participation from behavioral, normative, and control beliefs
The theory of planned behavior (Ajzen 1985, 1987) is offered as a comprehensive framework for understanding of leisure participation. Salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs, theoretically the basic determinants of behavior, were assessed with respect to five leisure activities: spending time at the beach, jogging or running, mountain climbing, boating, and biking. College students completed a questionnaire containing measures of these…
Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Leisure Choice
The theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985, 1987) is used to predict leisure intentions and behavior. College students completed a questionnaire that measured involvement, moods, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions concerning five leisure activities: spending time at the beach, jogging or running, mountain climbing, boating, and biking. One year later the participants reported how often they had performed th…
Measuring Leisure Motivation
One approach to studying the motivations for leisure is to focus on the desired goal States that are attained through participation in leisure. The Recreation Experience Preference (REP) scales were developed for measuring these goal States. In an attempt to provide a summary integrative analysis of the structure of the REP scales, the present study conducted a meta-analysis of 36 studies that have used REP items. The studies were used to obtain …
Reality Testing
Psychology (14 works) · Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management (12 works) · Recreation (8 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Social Psychology (7 works) · Geography (5 works) · Mathematics (5 works) · Statistics (5 works) · Applied Psychology (4 works) · Computer Science (4 works)