Robert J Hard
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 133388 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Robert J Hard |
| PRENOMES | Robert J |
| SOBRENOME | Hard |
| ASSINATURA | HARD R J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | The University of Texas at San Antonio |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5920-2836 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 24 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 128 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 24 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1992 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
The effects of resources and population expansion on female–male protein consumption among hunter-gatherers
Hunter-Gatherer Population Expansion and Intensification
Repeated long-term population growth overshoots and recessions among hunter-gatherers
We propose a model that may explain long-term population growth and decline events among human populations: The intensification of production generates a tradeoff between the adaptive capacity of individuals to generate a surplus of energy to maximize their fitness in the short-run and the long-term capacity of a population as a whole to experience a smooth transition into a demographic equilibrium. The model reconciles the conflicting insights o…
A New Radiocarbon Database for the Lower 48 States
From 2014 to 2020, we compiled radiocarbon ages from the lower 48 states, creating a database of more than 100,000 archaeological, geological, and paleontological ages that will be freely available to researchers through the Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database. Here, we discuss the process used to compile ages, general characteristics of the database, and lessons learned from this exercise in 'big data' compilation
Radiocarbon data may support a Malthus-Boserup model of hunter-gatherer population expansion
Early Farming and Warfare in Northwest Mexico
Agriculture Dependence in the Mountain Mogollon
Controversy has developed over the role of agriculture in the pithouse occupations of the mountain Mogollon region. This chapter examines the degree of dependence on cultigens during the Early Pithouse period and during the transition to pueblo architecture in the Forestdale, Pinelawn, and Mimbres valleys of the mountain Mogollon. It aims to develop a way to infer approximate relative agricultural dependence based on the mean length of manos from…
Cerros de Trincheras in Northwestern Chihuahua
A theory of regime change on the Texas Coastal Plain
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of hunter–gatherers from the Coleman site, a Late Prehistoric cemetery in Central Texas
Stable Isotope Study of Hunter-Gatherer-Fisher Diet, Mobility, and Intensification on the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain
The Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas was populated by hunter-gatherers from the Early Archaic (ca. 7000 B.P.) through to the Late Prehistoric period (ca. A.D. 700-1400). In order to characterize past dietary adaptations along the coast and further inland, stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were analyzed in preserved bone from 198 individuals from mortuary sites. In addition, 140 samples of faunal bone were analyzed to elucidate the stable isotope …
The diffusion of maize to the southwestern United States and its impact
Our understanding of the initial period of agriculture in the southwestern United States has been transformed by recent discoveries that establish the presence of maize there by 2100 cal. B.C. (calibrated calendrical years before the Christian era) and document the processes by which it was integrated into local foraging economies. Here we review archaeological, paleoecological, linguistic, and genetic data to evaluate the hypothesis that Proto-U…
Exploring Texas Archaeology with a Model of Intensification
A theoretically grounded model is used to map expectations for the locations of the earliest intensification across Texas. The absence of agriculture in much of prehistoric Texas versus the widespread adoption of farming in Mesoamerica is explored utilizing a theory of intensification recently proposed by Binford in Constructing Frames of Reference. Availability of either aquatic or high quality wild plant resources are expected to delay intensif…
The Late Archaic across the Borderlands
Why and when human societies shifted from nomadic hunting and gathering to settled agriculture engages the interest of scholars around the world. One of the most fruitful areas in which to study this issue is the North American Southwest, where Late Archaic inhabitants of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts of Mexico, Arizona, and New Mexico turned to farming while their counterparts in Trans-Pecos and South Texas continued to forage. By investiga…
Terrace Construction in Northern Chihuahua, Mexico
Robert J. Hard, , Bruce K. Moses, John R. Roney, Terrace Construction in Northern Chihuahua, Mexico: 1150 B. C. and Modern Experiments, Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 26, No. 2 (Summer, 1999), pp. 129-146
Terrace Construction in Northern Chihuahua, Mexico
Around 1150 B.C. foraging bands in many parts of NW Mexico and the American Southwest were occupying small camps and building brush structures. At about the same time a dramatically more intensive occupation was underway at the site of Cerro Juanaqueña in northern Chihuahua, Mexico, where Native Americans constructed almost 500 terraces on a hilltop, expending levels of effort not evidenced in the Southwest for another 2000 years. In order to pla…
Archaeology at the Alamodome
On March 15, 1990, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio entered into a contract with the City of San Antonio's Multipurpose Domed Stadium Development Advisory Committee and Via Metropolitan Transit Authority to undertake cultural resource investigations of a 17-square-block (65 acre) area in downtown San Antonio, Texas (Figure F-l). From mid-March to early July 1990, and periodically thereafter, i…
Archaeology at the Alamodome
Because of the tremendous scope of the archaeological work and the associated analysis and write-up, the results of the Alamodome Project are presented in three volumes. This volume, the first of the series, contains the background research results, including chapters on the historical setting, the architecture present before demolition was begun, the oral history, a study of the African-American community, and a summary of the structural evoluti…
Mano size, stable carbon isotope ratios, and macrobotanical remains as multiple lines of evidence of maize dependence in the American southwest
Archaeological Survey of Laughlin Air Force Base, Val Verde County, Texas
During the spring of 1994, the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted a 100-percent pedestrian survey of Laughlin Air Force Base and the Air Force Recreation Area and Marina in Val Verde County, Texas. In addition to the survey, limited paleontological and geomorphological evaluations were made. One historic site, eight prehistoric sites, and one large site with both prehistoric and historic compone…
Archaeological Survey of Upper Leon Creek Terraces, Bexar County, Texas
In June and July 1994, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted an archaeological survey on a 147-acre tract of land along Leon Creek in northern San Antonio for Pape-Dawson Engineers. The archaeological work was needed for compliance with U. S. Army Corps of Engineers permit requirements before construction of a water storage facility. Four archaeological sites (41BX40, 4IBX47 , 4IBX…
Excavations at Mission San Jose Y San Miguel de Aguayo, San Antonio, Texas
This report details an archaeological study of Mission San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo conducted during the spring and summer of 1993. The study was undertaken by the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio, in accordance with a contract between the National Park Service (owner) and Cox/Croslin and Associates (sponsor). The principal research objective focused on determining the extent of impact the planned vi…
Mobility, Land Fragmentation, and Economic Rationality
Mobile Agriculturalists and the Emergence of Sedentism
A truism in anthropology is that hunters and gatherers are mobile and agriculturalists are sedentary. Factors affecting residential mobility are examined using data from a Rarámuri (Tarahumara) community of residentially mobile agriculturalists in northern Mexico who move among principal residences, growing-season residences associated with distant fields, winter locations, and a ceremonial center. This case indicates that the unilineal model fro…
Mano size, stable carbon isotope ratios, and macrobotanical remains as multiple lines of evidence of maize dependence in the American southwest
Mobile Agriculturalists and the Emergence of Sedentism
A truism in anthropology is that hunters and gatherers are mobile and agriculturalists are sedentary. Factors affecting residential mobility are examined using data from a Rarámuri (Tarahumara) community of residentially mobile agriculturalists in northern Mexico who move among principal residences, growing-season residences associated with distant fields, winter locations, and a ceremonial center. This case indicates that the unilineal model fro…
Exploring Texas Archaeology with a Model of Intensification
A theoretically grounded model is used to map expectations for the locations of the earliest intensification across Texas. The absence of agriculture in much of prehistoric Texas versus the widespread adoption of farming in Mesoamerica is explored utilizing a theory of intensification recently proposed by Binford in Constructing Frames of Reference. Availability of either aquatic or high quality wild plant resources are expected to delay intensif…
A New Radiocarbon Database for the Lower 48 States
From 2014 to 2020, we compiled radiocarbon ages from the lower 48 states, creating a database of more than 100,000 archaeological, geological, and paleontological ages that will be freely available to researchers through the Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database. Here, we discuss the process used to compile ages, general characteristics of the database, and lessons learned from this exercise in 'big data' compilation
Excavations at Mission San Jose Y San Miguel de Aguayo, San Antonio, Texas
This report details an archaeological study of Mission San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo conducted during the spring and summer of 1993. The study was undertaken by the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio, in accordance with a contract between the National Park Service (owner) and Cox/Croslin and Associates (sponsor). The principal research objective focused on determining the extent of impact the planned vi…
Radiocarbon data may support a Malthus-Boserup model of hunter-gatherer population expansion
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of hunter–gatherers from the Coleman site, a Late Prehistoric cemetery in Central Texas
Stable Isotope Study of Hunter-Gatherer-Fisher Diet, Mobility, and Intensification on the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain
The Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas was populated by hunter-gatherers from the Early Archaic (ca. 7000 B.P.) through to the Late Prehistoric period (ca. A.D. 700-1400). In order to characterize past dietary adaptations along the coast and further inland, stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were analyzed in preserved bone from 198 individuals from mortuary sites. In addition, 140 samples of faunal bone were analyzed to elucidate the stable isotope …
Hunter-Gatherer Population Expansion and Intensification
Repeated long-term population growth overshoots and recessions among hunter-gatherers
We propose a model that may explain long-term population growth and decline events among human populations: The intensification of production generates a tradeoff between the adaptive capacity of individuals to generate a surplus of energy to maximize their fitness in the short-run and the long-term capacity of a population as a whole to experience a smooth transition into a demographic equilibrium. The model reconciles the conflicting insights o…
Terrace Construction in Northern Chihuahua, Mexico
Around 1150 B.C. foraging bands in many parts of NW Mexico and the American Southwest were occupying small camps and building brush structures. At about the same time a dramatically more intensive occupation was underway at the site of Cerro Juanaqueña in northern Chihuahua, Mexico, where Native Americans constructed almost 500 terraces on a hilltop, expending levels of effort not evidenced in the Southwest for another 2000 years. In order to pla…
Archaeological Survey of Upper Leon Creek Terraces, Bexar County, Texas
In June and July 1994, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted an archaeological survey on a 147-acre tract of land along Leon Creek in northern San Antonio for Pape-Dawson Engineers. The archaeological work was needed for compliance with U. S. Army Corps of Engineers permit requirements before construction of a water storage facility. Four archaeological sites (41BX40, 4IBX47 , 4IBX…
Mobility, Land Fragmentation, and Economic Rationality
Archaeology at the Alamodome
Because of the tremendous scope of the archaeological work and the associated analysis and write-up, the results of the Alamodome Project are presented in three volumes. This volume, the first of the series, contains the background research results, including chapters on the historical setting, the architecture present before demolition was begun, the oral history, a study of the African-American community, and a summary of the structural evoluti…
Mobile Agriculturalists and the Emergence of Sedentism
A truism in anthropology is that hunters and gatherers are mobile and agriculturalists are sedentary. Factors affecting residential mobility are examined using data from a Rarámuri (Tarahumara) community of residentially mobile agriculturalists in northern Mexico who move among principal residences, growing-season residences associated with distant fields, winter locations, and a ceremonial center. This case indicates that the unilineal model fro…
Mobility, Land Fragmentation, and Economic Rationality
Archaeological Survey of Upper Leon Creek Terraces, Bexar County, Texas
In June and July 1994, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted an archaeological survey on a 147-acre tract of land along Leon Creek in northern San Antonio for Pape-Dawson Engineers. The archaeological work was needed for compliance with U. S. Army Corps of Engineers permit requirements before construction of a water storage facility. Four archaeological sites (41BX40, 4IBX47 , 4IBX…
Excavations at Mission San Jose Y San Miguel de Aguayo, San Antonio, Texas
This report details an archaeological study of Mission San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo conducted during the spring and summer of 1993. The study was undertaken by the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio, in accordance with a contract between the National Park Service (owner) and Cox/Croslin and Associates (sponsor). The principal research objective focused on determining the extent of impact the planned vi…
Mano size, stable carbon isotope ratios, and macrobotanical remains as multiple lines of evidence of maize dependence in the American southwest
Archaeological Survey of Laughlin Air Force Base, Val Verde County, Texas
During the spring of 1994, the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted a 100-percent pedestrian survey of Laughlin Air Force Base and the Air Force Recreation Area and Marina in Val Verde County, Texas. In addition to the survey, limited paleontological and geomorphological evaluations were made. One historic site, eight prehistoric sites, and one large site with both prehistoric and historic compone…
Archaeology at the Alamodome
On March 15, 1990, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio entered into a contract with the City of San Antonio's Multipurpose Domed Stadium Development Advisory Committee and Via Metropolitan Transit Authority to undertake cultural resource investigations of a 17-square-block (65 acre) area in downtown San Antonio, Texas (Figure F-l). From mid-March to early July 1990, and periodically thereafter, i…
Archaeology at the Alamodome
Because of the tremendous scope of the archaeological work and the associated analysis and write-up, the results of the Alamodome Project are presented in three volumes. This volume, the first of the series, contains the background research results, including chapters on the historical setting, the architecture present before demolition was begun, the oral history, a study of the African-American community, and a summary of the structural evoluti…
Terrace Construction in Northern Chihuahua, Mexico
Robert J. Hard, , Bruce K. Moses, John R. Roney, Terrace Construction in Northern Chihuahua, Mexico: 1150 B. C. and Modern Experiments, Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 26, No. 2 (Summer, 1999), pp. 129-146
Terrace Construction in Northern Chihuahua, Mexico
Around 1150 B.C. foraging bands in many parts of NW Mexico and the American Southwest were occupying small camps and building brush structures. At about the same time a dramatically more intensive occupation was underway at the site of Cerro Juanaqueña in northern Chihuahua, Mexico, where Native Americans constructed almost 500 terraces on a hilltop, expending levels of effort not evidenced in the Southwest for another 2000 years. In order to pla…
The Late Archaic across the Borderlands
Why and when human societies shifted from nomadic hunting and gathering to settled agriculture engages the interest of scholars around the world. One of the most fruitful areas in which to study this issue is the North American Southwest, where Late Archaic inhabitants of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts of Mexico, Arizona, and New Mexico turned to farming while their counterparts in Trans-Pecos and South Texas continued to forage. By investiga…
Exploring Texas Archaeology with a Model of Intensification
A theoretically grounded model is used to map expectations for the locations of the earliest intensification across Texas. The absence of agriculture in much of prehistoric Texas versus the widespread adoption of farming in Mesoamerica is explored utilizing a theory of intensification recently proposed by Binford in Constructing Frames of Reference. Availability of either aquatic or high quality wild plant resources are expected to delay intensif…
The diffusion of maize to the southwestern United States and its impact
Our understanding of the initial period of agriculture in the southwestern United States has been transformed by recent discoveries that establish the presence of maize there by 2100 cal. B.C. (calibrated calendrical years before the Christian era) and document the processes by which it was integrated into local foraging economies. Here we review archaeological, paleoecological, linguistic, and genetic data to evaluate the hypothesis that Proto-U…
Stable Isotope Study of Hunter-Gatherer-Fisher Diet, Mobility, and Intensification on the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain
The Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas was populated by hunter-gatherers from the Early Archaic (ca. 7000 B.P.) through to the Late Prehistoric period (ca. A.D. 700-1400). In order to characterize past dietary adaptations along the coast and further inland, stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were analyzed in preserved bone from 198 individuals from mortuary sites. In addition, 140 samples of faunal bone were analyzed to elucidate the stable isotope …
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of hunter–gatherers from the Coleman site, a Late Prehistoric cemetery in Central Texas
A theory of regime change on the Texas Coastal Plain
Cerros de Trincheras in Northwestern Chihuahua
Agriculture Dependence in the Mountain Mogollon
Controversy has developed over the role of agriculture in the pithouse occupations of the mountain Mogollon region. This chapter examines the degree of dependence on cultigens during the Early Pithouse period and during the transition to pueblo architecture in the Forestdale, Pinelawn, and Mimbres valleys of the mountain Mogollon. It aims to develop a way to infer approximate relative agricultural dependence based on the mean length of manos from…
Early Farming and Warfare in Northwest Mexico
Radiocarbon data may support a Malthus-Boserup model of hunter-gatherer population expansion
A New Radiocarbon Database for the Lower 48 States
From 2014 to 2020, we compiled radiocarbon ages from the lower 48 states, creating a database of more than 100,000 archaeological, geological, and paleontological ages that will be freely available to researchers through the Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database. Here, we discuss the process used to compile ages, general characteristics of the database, and lessons learned from this exercise in 'big data' compilation
Hunter-Gatherer Population Expansion and Intensification
Repeated long-term population growth overshoots and recessions among hunter-gatherers
We propose a model that may explain long-term population growth and decline events among human populations: The intensification of production generates a tradeoff between the adaptive capacity of individuals to generate a surplus of energy to maximize their fitness in the short-run and the long-term capacity of a population as a whole to experience a smooth transition into a demographic equilibrium. The model reconciles the conflicting insights o…
The effects of resources and population expansion on female–male protein consumption among hunter-gatherers
Geography (20 obras) · Archaeology (19 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (14 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (9 obras) · Agriculture (7 obras) · Archaeology and Natural History (7 obras) · Biology (7 obras) · Ecology (7 obras) · Population (6 obras) · Sociology (6 obras)