Lloyd D Johnston
Biographic Data
| ID | 134077 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Lloyd D Johnston |
| GIVEN NAMES | Lloyd D |
| FAMILY NAME | Johnston |
| SIGNATURE | JOHNSTON L D |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Michigan |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7254-7935 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 50 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 900 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 50 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1965 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
The great decline in adolescent cigarette smoking since 2000: Consequences for drug use among US adolescents
The results support the 'gateway' prediction that declines in cigarette smoking among adolescents pull downward their non-medical use of amphetamines, tranquillisers and opioids. Continuing to reduce adolescent smoking through policy and programmatic prevention efforts should have further positive spillover effects on adolescent drug use
Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2018: Overview, key findings on adolescent drug use
Annual marijuana prevalence rose by a nonsignificant 0.5 percentage points to 23.9% in 2018 based on data from the three grades combined. 2 This follows a significant increase in 2017. Annual prevalence stands at 11%, 28%, and 36% in grades 8, 10, and 12. Daily marijuana prevalence changed little this year, with rates at 1%, 3%, and 6%, respectively. Annual use of any illicit drug, which tends to be driven by marijuana-by far the most prevalent o…
E-cigarette use as a predictor of cigarette smoking: Results from a 1-year follow-up of a national sample of 12th grade students
These results contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting vaping as a one-way bridge to cigarette smoking among youth. Vaping as a risk factor for future smoking is a strong, scientifically-based rationale for restricting youth access to e-cigarettes
The Influence of College Attendance on Risk for Marijuana Initiation in the United States: 1977 To 2015
Objectives. To examine a potential increase in marijuana initiation among US college students as compared with their age peers not in college before and after 2013, a watershed year for increasing tolerance of marijuana use in the United States. Methods. Data come from the Monitoring the Future study, which has followed longitudinal panels drawn from annual nationally representative, baseline samples of 12th-grade students starting with the class…
What are kids vaping? Results from a national survey of US adolescents
These results challenge the common assumption that all vaporiser users inhale nicotine. They (a) call into question the designation of vaporisers and e-cigarettes as ENDS ('Electronic Nicotine Delivery System'), (b) suggest that the recent rise in adolescent vaporiser use does not necessarily indicate a nicotine epidemic, and (c) indicate that vaporiser users can be candidates for primary prevention programmes. Finally, the results suggest the im…
Sleep and Substance Use among US Adolescents, 1991-2014
Among US secondary students, 7+ sleep/substance use associations were largely explained by individual deviance, psychosocial, and general health characteristics. Awareness and exploitation of these shared associations may be useful in improving substance use prevention and/or treatment efforts
Trends in use of marijuana and attitudes toward marijuana among youth before and after decriminalization: The case of California 2007–2013
O’Malley and Johnston Respond
AffiliationsPatrick M. O’Malley and Lloyd D. Johnston are with the Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Driving After Drug or Alcohol Use by US High School Seniors, 2001–2011
Objectives. We examined prevalence, trends, and correlates of driving or riding after use of drugs or alcohol among US high school seniors from 2001 to 2011. Methods. Data come from Monitoring the Future, an annual survey of nationally representative samples of high school seniors. We used logistic regressions with data from more than 22 000 respondents to examine multivariate associations with demographic and lifestyle factors. Results. Large nu…
Effects of tobacco-related media campaigns on smoking among 20–30-year-old adults: Longitudinal data from the USA
Continued support for sustained, public health-based well-funded anti-tobacco media campaigns may help reduce tobacco use among young adults
Social disparities in BMI trajectories across adulthood by gender, race/ethnicity and lifetime socio-economic position: 1986–2004
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity and overweight is rapidly increasing in industrialized countries, with long-term health and social consequences. There is also a strong social patterning of obesity and overweight, with a higher prevalence among women, racial/ethnic minorities and those from a lower socio-economic position (SEP). Most of the existing work in this area, however, is based on cross-sectional data or single cohort studies. No nat…
Differential Trends in Weight-Related Health Behaviors Among American Young Adults by Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status: 1984–2006
Objectives. We investigated temporal patterns from 1984 to 2006 in 6 weight-related health behaviors by using longitudinal data for multiple cohorts of young adults (aged 19–26 years) from the nationally representative Monitoring the Future Study. Methods. We used growth curve models to examine historical trends in 6 health behaviors: frequency of eating breakfast, eating green vegetables, eating fruit, exercising, watching television, and sleepi…
Relation between newspaper coverage of tobacco issues and smoking attitudes and behaviour among American teens
Gaining and keeping tobacco on the media agenda is an important tool for tackling youth smoking. As volume appears to be the driving factor, media advocacy may be best targeted towards generating events and highlighting issues likely to increase and sustain news attention
Associations Between Access to Food Stores and Adolescent Body Mass Index
Health-related behaviors and overweight: A study of Latino adolescents in the United States of America
Time spent exercising and time spent watching television are two potentially modifiable risk factors that, if targeted, may result in important reductions in overweight. The findings indicate the need to identify gender- and culturally-appropriate interventions that can increase physical activity and reduce sedentary activities among Latino adolescents, particularly in families of low socioeconomic status
State Anti-Tobacco Advertising and Smoking Outcomes by Gender and Race/Ethnicity
The results from these analyses indicate that state anti-tobacco advertising significantly relates to beneficial outcomes -- especially regarding current smoking behaviour -- among US youth as a whole
Religiosity and Adolescent Substance Use: The Role of Individual and Contextual Influences
For more than three decades scholars have debated about if, when, and under what circumstances religiosity deters delinquency. The present study uses multilevel modeling data analytic techniques (i.e., hierarchical linear model [HLM]) and large nationally representative samples of American public high schools (N = 227) and high school seniors (N = 16,595) to examine various unresolved issues in the ongoing debate, with a specific focus on the rel…
Effect of Televised, Tobacco Company–Funded Smoking Prevention Advertising on Youth Smoking-Related Beliefs, Intentions, and Behavior
Objective. To relate exposure to televised youth smoking prevention advertising to youths’ smoking beliefs, intentions, and behaviors. Methods. We obtained commercial television ratings data from 75 US media markets to determine the average youth exposure to tobacco company youth-targeted and parent-targeted smoking prevention advertising. We merged these data with nationally representative school-based survey data (n = 103 172) gathered from 199…
Delva Et Al. Respond
We thank McCarthy and colleagues for their interest in our work. We agree that immigrant generational status is important, and we also agree that the various Hispanic groups differ in their status. Indeed, we recognize that there are many differences between the groups; it was for this reason we conducted separate analyses for adolescents of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, and “other Latin American” ancestries. As McCarthy and colleagues note, we f…
The Epidemiology of Alcohol, Marijuana, and Cocaine Use Among Mexican American, Puerto Rican, Cuban American, and Other Latin American Eighth-Grade Students in the United States: 1991–2002
Objectives. We compared trends in and correlates of marijuana use, cocaine use, and heavy alcohol use for adolescents of Mexican American, Puerto Rican, Cuban, and other Latin American heritage in the United States. Methods. We used/examined data from nationally representative samples of eighth-grade Hispanic students who participated in the Monitoring the Future study during the years 1991–2002 (n=24235). Results. Drug use was significantly high…
State Tobacco Control Spending and Youth Smoking
Objective. We examined the relationship between state-level tobacco control expenditures and youth smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption. Methods. We estimated a 2-part model of cigarette demand using data from the 1991 through 2000 nationally representative surveys of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students as part of the Monitoring the Future project. Results. We found that real per capita expenditures on tobacco control had a negative and …
Substance Use Among Adults 35 Years of Age: Prevalence, Adulthood Predictors, and Impact of Adolescent Substance Use
Objectives. We examined the prevalence of substance use among American adults aged 35 years, and we considered adulthood predictors and the impact of adolescent substance use. Methods. National panel data were drawn from the Monitoring the Future study. Logistic regressions were conducted to assess the impact of demographics, life experiences, and adolescent substance use on smoking, heavy drinking, prescription drug misuse, marijuana use, and co…
Gender and ethnic differences in smoking, drinking and illicit drug use among American 8th, 10th and 12th grade students, 1976–2000
Aims This paper examines ethnic differences in licit and illicit drug use among American 8th, 10th and 12th grade students, with a particular focus on girls. Design The study uses cross‐sectional data from large, ethnically diverse, nationally representative samples of 8th, 10th and 12th grade girls. Setting Data were collected through questionnaires administered in schools. Participants A total of 40 416 8th grade girls and 37 977 8th grade boys…
How Academic Achievement, Attitudes, and Behaviors Relate to the Course of Substance Use During Adolescence: A 6‐Year, Multiwave National Longitudinal Study
Self‐report data regarding alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use were collected biennially from ages 14 to 20 in a nationally representative panel sample of adolescents ( N =1,897) from the Monitoring the Future study. Growth curve analyses were performed using hierarchical linear modeling to consider psychosocial background, motivation and school attitudes, and parental and peer influences at age 14 as predictors of concurrent substance use and …
Epidemiology of alcohol and other drug use among American college students.
OBJECTIVE: This article provides information on the extent of alcohol use and other drug use among American college students. METHOD: Five different sources of data are examined for estimating recent levels of alcohol (and other drug) use among college students: Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study (CAS), the Core Institute (CORE), Monitoring the Future (MTF), National College Health Risk Behavior Survey (NCHRBS) and National Hou…
Routine Activities and Individual Deviant Behavior
We extend the routine activity perspective's situational analysis of crime to individual offending and to a broad range of deviant behaviors. In this view, unstructured socializing with peers in the absence of authority figures presents opportunities for deviance: In the presence of peers, deviant acts will be easier and more rewarding; the absence of authority figures reduces the potential for social control responses to deviance; and the lack o…
The Generality of Deviance in Late Adolescence and Early Adulthood
Because a wide variety of deviant behaviors are positively correlated with one another, some researchers conclude that all are manifestations of a single general tendency. The present analysis incorporated three waves of self-reports about heavy alcohol use, marijuana use, use of other illicit drugs, dangerous driving, and other criminal behavior for a nationally representative sample of high school seniors. A relatively stable general involvemen…
Racial/Ethnic differences in smoking, drinking, and illicit drug use among American high school seniors, 1976-89
BACKGROUND. This paper reports racial/ethnic differences in the use of licit and illicit drugs by high school seniors in the United States. METHODS. The study uses questionnaire data from annual, nationally representative surveys of seniors from 1976 through 1989. Combined sample sizes were 57,620 for 1976-79; 75,772 for 1980-84; and 73,527 for 1985-89. RESULTS. Native American had the highest prevalence rates for cigarettes, alcohol, and most il…
How Academic Achievement, Attitudes, and Behaviors Relate to the Course of Substance Use During Adolescence: A 6‐Year, Multiwave National Longitudinal Study
Self‐report data regarding alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use were collected biennially from ages 14 to 20 in a nationally representative panel sample of adolescents ( N =1,897) from the Monitoring the Future study. Growth curve analyses were performed using hierarchical linear modeling to consider psychosocial background, motivation and school attitudes, and parental and peer influences at age 14 as predictors of concurrent substance use and …
Adolescent risk factors for binge drinking during the transition to young adulthood: Variable- and pattern-centered approaches to change
Religiosity and Adolescent Substance Use: The Role of Individual and Contextual Influences
For more than three decades scholars have debated about if, when, and under what circumstances religiosity deters delinquency. The present study uses multilevel modeling data analytic techniques (i.e., hierarchical linear model [HLM]) and large nationally representative samples of American public high schools (N = 227) and high school seniors (N = 16,595) to examine various unresolved issues in the ongoing debate, with a specific focus on the rel…
Smoking, drinking, and drug use among American high school students: Correlates and trends, 1975-1979
This paper uses findings from five nationally representative surveys of high school seniors from 1975 through 1979 to examine the correlates of licit and illicit drug use, and to consider whether recent changes in youthful drug use are linked to any changes in the correlates. Males still exceed females in use of alcohol and marijuana, but no longer in cigarette smoking. Black seniors now report less drug use than Whites. Other dimensions of famil…
Substance Use Among Adults 35 Years of Age: Prevalence, Adulthood Predictors, and Impact of Adolescent Substance Use
Objectives. We examined the prevalence of substance use among American adults aged 35 years, and we considered adulthood predictors and the impact of adolescent substance use. Methods. National panel data were drawn from the Monitoring the Future study. Logistic regressions were conducted to assess the impact of demographics, life experiences, and adolescent substance use on smoking, heavy drinking, prescription drug misuse, marijuana use, and co…
High School Educational Success and Subsequent Substance Use: A Panel Analysis Following Adolescents into Young Adulthood
In this investigation, two indicators of high school educational success (grade point average and college plans) were examined to determine their influence on cigarette, alcohol, and illicit drug use during the transition to young adulthood. Panel data were obtained from the 1978-81 Monitoring the Future nationally representative samples of high school seniors. The sample for this analysis included 3,399 White respondents (weighted cases) followe…
Period, age, and cohort effects on substance use among American youth, 1976-82
Period, age, and cohort effects on substance use are differentiated for American youth 18 to 24 years old during the period from 1976 to 1982. The data are provided by the Monitoring the Future project, an ongoing study which employs a cohort-sequential design. Weighted least squares regression is used to find plausible and parsimonious models to account for the observed variation in 12 different classes of drugs, both licit and illicit. The poin…
Explaining the Recent Decline in Cocaine Use among Young Adults: Further Evidence That Perceived Risks and Disapproval Lead to Reduced Drug Use
Jerald G. Bachman, Lloyd D. Johnston, Patrick M. O'Malley, Explaining the Recent Decline in Cocaine Use among Young Adults: Further Evidence That Perceived Risks and Disapproval Lead to Reduced Drug Use, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 31, No. 2 (Jun., 1990), pp. 173-184
Drug use among young adults: The impacts of role status and social environment
In this article we report findings from panel analyses in which we examined drug use during the first three years following high school, a period during which many young people make important transitions in social environments, primary activity, and marital status. Post-high-school drug use is highly predictable from senior year drug use; however, usage rates for alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs (but not cigarettes) seem also to be inf…
The Epidemiology of Alcohol, Marijuana, and Cocaine Use Among Mexican American, Puerto Rican, Cuban American, and Other Latin American Eighth-Grade Students in the United States: 1991–2002
Objectives. We compared trends in and correlates of marijuana use, cocaine use, and heavy alcohol use for adolescents of Mexican American, Puerto Rican, Cuban, and other Latin American heritage in the United States. Methods. We used/examined data from nationally representative samples of eighth-grade Hispanic students who participated in the Monitoring the Future study during the years 1991–2002 (n=24235). Results. Drug use was significantly high…
Explaining the Recent Decline in Marijuana Use: Differentiating the Effects of Perceived Risks, Disapproval, and General Lifestyle Factors
Jerald G. Bachman, Lloyd D. Johnston, Patrick M. O'Malley, Ronald H. Humphrey, Explaining the Recent Decline in Marijuana Use: Differentiating the Effects of Perceived Risks, Disapproval, and General Lifestyle Factors, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Mar., 1988), pp. 92-112
State Tobacco Control Spending and Youth Smoking
Objective. We examined the relationship between state-level tobacco control expenditures and youth smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption. Methods. We estimated a 2-part model of cigarette demand using data from the 1991 through 2000 nationally representative surveys of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students as part of the Monitoring the Future project. Results. We found that real per capita expenditures on tobacco control had a negative and …
Effect of Televised, Tobacco Company–Funded Smoking Prevention Advertising on Youth Smoking-Related Beliefs, Intentions, and Behavior
Objective. To relate exposure to televised youth smoking prevention advertising to youths’ smoking beliefs, intentions, and behaviors. Methods. We obtained commercial television ratings data from 75 US media markets to determine the average youth exposure to tobacco company youth-targeted and parent-targeted smoking prevention advertising. We merged these data with nationally representative school-based survey data (n = 103 172) gathered from 199…
Period, age, and cohort effects on substance use among young Americans: A decade of change, 1976-86
In an earlier article in this Journal, we reported analyses that differentiated among period, age, and cohort effects on substance use among American youth 18 to 24 years old, from the high school classes of 1976 to 1982 during the period of 1976 to 1982. The present analyses extend the classes and years to 1986, and the age range to 18-28. A cohort-sequential design is employed, based on annual surveys of nationally representative samples of hig…
Time Trends and Age Trends in Arrests and Self‐reported Illegal Behavior
National estimates of time trends and age trends in self‐reported illegal behavior in the United States are compared with corresponding figures for arrests. The self‐report data are from Monitoring the Future, an annual national survey of high school seniors. The analysis of time trends covers 1975 through 1985 for a sample of over 3,000 respondents per year, studied at a constant age. The analysis of age trends covers ages 17 through 23 for samp…
Paid work, child care, and housework: A national survey of high school seniors' preferences for sharing responsibilities between husband and wife
State Anti-Tobacco Advertising and Smoking Outcomes by Gender and Race/Ethnicity
The results from these analyses indicate that state anti-tobacco advertising significantly relates to beneficial outcomes -- especially regarding current smoking behaviour -- among US youth as a whole
Changing patterns of drug use among US military recruits before and after enlistment
OBJECTIVES: The US armed forces adopted "zero tolerance" policies concerning illicit drug use in 1980 and later developed policies to discourage tobacco and alcohol abuse. This article examines drug use among young active-duty recruits both before and after enlistment, compared with nonmilitary age-mates, and documents historical shifts in such drug use across 2 decades. METHODS: Analyses employed longitudinal panel data from 20 nationally repres…
Changes at the high end of risk in cigarette smoking among US high school seniors, 1976-1995
OBJECTIVES: This study identified high school seniors at low, moderate and high risk for cigarette use to examine changes in the prevalence of daily smoking within risk groups from 1976 to 1995. METHODS: Data were taken from the Monitoring the Future Projects national surveys of high school seniors. Risk classification was based on grade point average, truancy, nights out per week, and religious commitment. Logistic regression models were used to…
The Influence of College Attendance on Risk for Marijuana Initiation in the United States: 1977 To 2015
Objectives. To examine a potential increase in marijuana initiation among US college students as compared with their age peers not in college before and after 2013, a watershed year for increasing tolerance of marijuana use in the United States. Methods. Data come from the Monitoring the Future study, which has followed longitudinal panels drawn from annual nationally representative, baseline samples of 12th-grade students starting with the class…
Drinking and driving among US high school seniors, 1984-1997
OBJECTIVES: This article reports the prevalence of, and trends in, driving after drinking and riding in a car with a driver who has been drinking among American high school seniors, based on data from more than a decade (1984-1997) of annual national surveys. METHODS: Logistic regressions were used to assess the effects of demographic factors (gender, region of country, population density, parental education, and race/ethnicity) and selected "lif…
Drug Use During and After High School: Results of a National Longitudinal Study
Findings indicate that the amount of nonaddictive illegal drug use has been much less for American young people than reports in the media had suggested during the period in question, and that the relationships between nonaddictive drug use and delinquency (as well as between drug use and academic performance) is far less serious than commonly has been assumed by the public. Clearly there has been an important generational change in this area, wit…
Nuclear Secrecy and Foreign Policy
Youth in Transition: Blueprint for a Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Boys. Volume 1
Drugs and American Youth
Drug Use During and After High School: Results of a National Longitudinal Study
Findings indicate that the amount of nonaddictive illegal drug use has been much less for American young people than reports in the media had suggested during the period in question, and that the relationships between nonaddictive drug use and delinquency (as well as between drug use and academic performance) is far less serious than commonly has been assumed by the public. Clearly there has been an important generational change in this area, wit…
Drug Use and Military Plans of High School Seniors
Smoking, drinking, and drug use among American high school students: Correlates and trends, 1975-1979
This paper uses findings from five nationally representative surveys of high school seniors from 1975 through 1979 to examine the correlates of licit and illicit drug use, and to consider whether recent changes in youthful drug use are linked to any changes in the correlates. Males still exceed females in use of alcohol and marijuana, but no longer in cigarette smoking. Black seniors now report less drug use than Whites. Other dimensions of famil…
Eight Volumes of Date in Search of Interpretation
Reliability and Consistency in Self-Reports of Drug Use
The reliability and stability of self-reports of licit and illicit drug use are estimated using longitudinal data, and found to be rather high. An apparent inconsistency in reporting (less use over a 12-month period than would be expected based on use reported over a 30-day period) is examined (1) for association with personal characteristics and (2) for individual consistency over time. Neither individual consistency nor significant associations…
Paid work, child care, and housework: A national survey of high school seniors' preferences for sharing responsibilities between husband and wife
Period, age, and cohort effects on substance use among American youth, 1976-82
Period, age, and cohort effects on substance use are differentiated for American youth 18 to 24 years old during the period from 1976 to 1982. The data are provided by the Monitoring the Future project, an ongoing study which employs a cohort-sequential design. Weighted least squares regression is used to find plausible and parsimonious models to account for the observed variation in 12 different classes of drugs, both licit and illicit. The poin…
Drug use among young adults: The impacts of role status and social environment
In this article we report findings from panel analyses in which we examined drug use during the first three years following high school, a period during which many young people make important transitions in social environments, primary activity, and marital status. Post-high-school drug use is highly predictable from senior year drug use; however, usage rates for alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs (but not cigarettes) seem also to be inf…
Bases of Power, Facilitation Effects, and Attitudes and Behavior: Direct, Indirect, and Interactive Determinants of Drug Use
Within the attitude-behavior literature, considerable disagreement exists as to when groups and institutions will influence attitudes, when they will influence behavior independently of attitudes, and when they will influence behavior by interacting with attitudes. By drawing on research on the bases of power, this paper attempts to specify the conditions that create each type of effect. Traditional classifications of the bases of power, however,…
Period, age, and cohort effects on substance use among young Americans: A decade of change, 1976-86
In an earlier article in this Journal, we reported analyses that differentiated among period, age, and cohort effects on substance use among American youth 18 to 24 years old, from the high school classes of 1976 to 1982 during the period of 1976 to 1982. The present analyses extend the classes and years to 1986, and the age range to 18-28. A cohort-sequential design is employed, based on annual surveys of nationally representative samples of hig…
The Generality of Deviance in Late Adolescence and Early Adulthood
Because a wide variety of deviant behaviors are positively correlated with one another, some researchers conclude that all are manifestations of a single general tendency. The present analysis incorporated three waves of self-reports about heavy alcohol use, marijuana use, use of other illicit drugs, dangerous driving, and other criminal behavior for a nationally representative sample of high school seniors. A relatively stable general involvemen…
Explaining the Recent Decline in Marijuana Use: Differentiating the Effects of Perceived Risks, Disapproval, and General Lifestyle Factors
Jerald G. Bachman, Lloyd D. Johnston, Patrick M. O'Malley, Ronald H. Humphrey, Explaining the Recent Decline in Marijuana Use: Differentiating the Effects of Perceived Risks, Disapproval, and General Lifestyle Factors, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Mar., 1988), pp. 92-112
Time Trends and Age Trends in Arrests and Self‐reported Illegal Behavior
National estimates of time trends and age trends in self‐reported illegal behavior in the United States are compared with corresponding figures for arrests. The self‐report data are from Monitoring the Future, an annual national survey of high school seniors. The analysis of time trends covers 1975 through 1985 for a sample of over 3,000 respondents per year, studied at a constant age. The analysis of age trends covers ages 17 through 23 for samp…
Explaining the Recent Decline in Cocaine Use among Young Adults: Further Evidence That Perceived Risks and Disapproval Lead to Reduced Drug Use
Jerald G. Bachman, Lloyd D. Johnston, Patrick M. O'Malley, Explaining the Recent Decline in Cocaine Use among Young Adults: Further Evidence That Perceived Risks and Disapproval Lead to Reduced Drug Use, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 31, No. 2 (Jun., 1990), pp. 173-184
Racial/Ethnic differences in smoking, drinking, and illicit drug use among American high school seniors, 1976-89
BACKGROUND. This paper reports racial/ethnic differences in the use of licit and illicit drugs by high school seniors in the United States. METHODS. The study uses questionnaire data from annual, nationally representative surveys of seniors from 1976 through 1989. Combined sample sizes were 57,620 for 1976-79; 75,772 for 1980-84; and 73,527 for 1985-89. RESULTS. Native American had the highest prevalence rates for cigarettes, alcohol, and most il…
High School Educational Success and Subsequent Substance Use: A Panel Analysis Following Adolescents into Young Adulthood
In this investigation, two indicators of high school educational success (grade point average and college plans) were examined to determine their influence on cigarette, alcohol, and illicit drug use during the transition to young adulthood. Panel data were obtained from the 1978-81 Monitoring the Future nationally representative samples of high school seniors. The sample for this analysis included 3,399 White respondents (weighted cases) followe…
Adolescent risk factors for binge drinking during the transition to young adulthood: Variable- and pattern-centered approaches to change
Routine Activities and Individual Deviant Behavior
We extend the routine activity perspective's situational analysis of crime to individual offending and to a broad range of deviant behaviors. In this view, unstructured socializing with peers in the absence of authority figures presents opportunities for deviance: In the presence of peers, deviant acts will be easier and more rewarding; the absence of authority figures reduces the potential for social control responses to deviance; and the lack o…
Smoking, drinking, and drug use in young adulthood: The Impacts of New Freedoms and New Responsibilities
"This volume reports selective results from the widely cited Monitoring the Future study, which included over 100,000 adolescents and young adults. In style & content it is appropriate for students, researchers, and professionals dealing with adolescence."--From publisher.
Changing patterns of drug use among US military recruits before and after enlistment
OBJECTIVES: The US armed forces adopted "zero tolerance" policies concerning illicit drug use in 1980 and later developed policies to discourage tobacco and alcohol abuse. This article examines drug use among young active-duty recruits both before and after enlistment, compared with nonmilitary age-mates, and documents historical shifts in such drug use across 2 decades. METHODS: Analyses employed longitudinal panel data from 20 nationally repres…
Changes at the high end of risk in cigarette smoking among US high school seniors, 1976-1995
OBJECTIVES: This study identified high school seniors at low, moderate and high risk for cigarette use to examine changes in the prevalence of daily smoking within risk groups from 1976 to 1995. METHODS: Data were taken from the Monitoring the Future Projects national surveys of high school seniors. Risk classification was based on grade point average, truancy, nights out per week, and religious commitment. Logistic regression models were used to…
Drinking and driving among US high school seniors, 1984-1997
OBJECTIVES: This article reports the prevalence of, and trends in, driving after drinking and riding in a car with a driver who has been drinking among American high school seniors, based on data from more than a decade (1984-1997) of annual national surveys. METHODS: Logistic regressions were used to assess the effects of demographic factors (gender, region of country, population density, parental education, and race/ethnicity) and selected "lif…
Medicine (39 works) · Psychology (34 works) · Demography (27 works) · Environmental health (26 works) · Psychiatry (23 works) · Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes (23 works) · Substance abuse (20 works) · Monitoring the Future (18 works) · Gerontology (17 works) · Gerontology (17 works)