Jason C Senkbeil
Biographic Data
| ID | 1341045 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jason C Senkbeil |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jason C |
| FAMILY NAME | Senkbeil |
| SIGNATURE | SENKBEIL J C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Alabama |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 17 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 6 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 17 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2011 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Geographic constraints on rapid comprehension of tornado warning information
Exploring Personalized Tornado Risk with a Sketch Map Activity
Our study sought to understand how individuals think about their home location and county, including their geospatial awareness, and how they conceive of risk from a tornado geospatially. We conducted interviews and a sketch mapping activity with sixty-five individuals from Mississippi and Alabama. Our results indicated that participants could name and correctly locate only a few neighboring counties and that there was a difference of 4.7 miles o…
Are Some Cities Disproportionally Affected by Tornadoes
Despite the danger presented to communities, there is still a notable lack of knowledge on how the locations of tornadoes and tornado tracks, especially for violent tornadoes (VTs), vary on small spatial scales, such as in counties or cities. Certain cities like Moore, Oklahoma, have seen an abnormal number of VTs (three) compared to neighboring towns since the beginning of the historic record in 1950. The primary goal of this research was to det…
The Influence of Demographic and Place Variables on Personalized Tornado Risk Area
Although there is clear evidence that proximity to a tornado or forecast tornado increases an individual’s risk perception, the specific relationships between risk personalization and spatial variables are unclear. It has also been established that one’s own evaluation of distance does not always match objective measurement. This study sought to explain the differences in the distance at which an individual would personalize the risk from a torna…
Weather Forecast Semiotics
Weather icons are some of the most frequently used visual tools that meteorologists employ to communicate weather information. Previous research has shown a tendency for the public to make inferences about weather forecast information on the basis of the icon shown. For example, people may infer a higher likelihood of precipitation, assume a higher intensity of precipitation, or determine the duration of expected precipitation if the weather icon…
Modifying the Extended Forecast Graphic to Improve Comprehension
The extended forecast graphic (EFG) is a popular graphic used by meteorologists to convey weather information, but it is poorly understood by the public. Deficiencies in the format, content, and presentation of the EFG contribute to a decrease in the efficacy of this graphic and reduce the comprehension of weather information. The format of the EFG has largely gone unchanged since the graphic first became popular more than four decades ago. The g…
Assessing Influential Factors on Inland Property Damage from Gulf of Mexico Tropical Cyclones in the United States
The Gulf and southeast coastal communities in the United States are particularly vulnerable to tropical cyclones. Coastal areas generally receive the greatest economic losses from tropical cyclones; however, research suggests that losses in the inland zone can occasionally be higher than the coastal zone. Previous research assessing the inland impacts from tropical cyclones was limited to the areas that are adjacent to the coastal zone only, wher…
Perceptions of Hurricane-Track Forecasts in the United States
Hurricanes Isaac (2012), Harvey (2017), and Irma (2017) were storms with different geophysical characteristics and track forecast consistencies. Despite the differences, common themes emerged from the perception of track forecasts from evacuees for each storm. Surveys with a mixture of closed and open-ended responses were conducted during the evacuations of each storm while the storm characteristics and decision-making were fresh in the minds of …
Tornado warning awareness, information needs and the barriers to protective action of individuals who are blind
Evacuee Perception of Geophysical Hazards for Hurricane Irma
Hurricane Irma was one of the strongest Atlantic hurricanes in history before landfall and caused a large evacuation. A total of 155 evacuees at interstate rest areas were asked to rank their concern about damage at their residence for six different geophysical hurricane hazards. Additionally, they were asked about their perceived maximum wind speeds (PMWS) and the wind speeds at which they thought damage would occur (DW) at their residence. Thes…
The Effects of Social Connections on Evacuation Decision Making during Hurricane Irma
This study investigates the influence of individuals’ social connections in their decision to either evacuate or not evacuate in the days preceding the landfall of Hurricane Irma. Using Hurricane Irma in September 2017 as a case study, a survey was conducted on two groups (those who evacuated and those who did not evacuate) to assess people’s social connections specifically examining three dimensions: dependability, density, and diversity. These …
Changes in Summer Weather Type Frequency in Eastern North America
In this research, the Spatial Synoptic Classification (SSC), a weather type scheme, is used as an alternative method of demonstrating evidence of climate change in the Eastern United States and southern Canada. Changes in frequencies for the seven SSC weather types were assessed for summer trends (May–September) at thirty-eight stations and also at four regions of latitude between 1950 and 2015. Using the SSC, results show significant summer decr…
Facebook and Twitter, communication and shelter, and the 2011 Tuscaloosa tornado
This paper represents one of the first attempts to analyse the many ways in which Facebook and Twitter were used during a tornado disaster. Comparisons between five randomly selected campus samples and a city of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, sample revealed that campus samples used Facebook and Twitter significantly more both before and after the tornado, but Facebook usage was not significantly different after the event. Furthermore, differences in socia…
A Tornado Watch Scale to Improve Public Response
A tornado refuge rubric was revised into a six-level, hierarchical Tornado Watch Scale (TWS) from level 0 to level 5 based on the likelihood of high or low-impact tornadic events. Levels correspond to an estimate of the maximum potential tornado intensity for a given day and include refuge/shelter categories of “adequate,” “questionable,” or “inadequate,” which encompass a range of refuge/shelter locations taken from the Enhanced Fujita scale. Ra…
Suggestions for alternative tropical cyclone warning graphics in the USA
Purpose The cone of uncertainty (COU) warning graphic has created confusion for people trying to make evacuation and safety decisions. The purpose of this research was to create several alternative tropical cyclone graphics and present them to the public and college students via face‐to‐face surveys and polling. Design/methodology/approach Surveys depicting hypothetical landfall scenarios were administered in Pensacola and Jacksonville, FL. Respo…
Shelter Seeking Plans of Tuscaloosa Residents for a Future Tornado Event
The enhanced Fujita scale category 4 (EF4) Tuscaloosa, Alabama, tornado on 27 April 2011 produced 64 fatalities along its 130-km track. Hybrid survey/interviews were conducted with a sample of 211 Tuscaloosa-area residents to determine how the 27 April tornado might change future shelter-seeking plans. Despite a history of tornadoes in the area, only 47% of Tuscaloosa residents had shelter plans in place prior to 27 April, but 62% intend to chang…
Tropical Cyclone Hazards in the USA
Coastal development, population, and hurricane activity are all projected to increase in the near future. Thus, the USA has a tropical cyclone problem that requires interdisciplinary solutions from physical and social scientists. In this article, we review topics that summarize the current state of hurricane hazards in the USA. A review of meteorological hurricane hazard literature is broken into sections discussing wind and water hazards associa…
Facebook and Twitter, communication and shelter, and the 2011 Tuscaloosa tornado
This paper represents one of the first attempts to analyse the many ways in which Facebook and Twitter were used during a tornado disaster. Comparisons between five randomly selected campus samples and a city of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, sample revealed that campus samples used Facebook and Twitter significantly more both before and after the tornado, but Facebook usage was not significantly different after the event. Furthermore, differences in socia…
Tropical Cyclone Hazards in the USA
Coastal development, population, and hurricane activity are all projected to increase in the near future. Thus, the USA has a tropical cyclone problem that requires interdisciplinary solutions from physical and social scientists. In this article, we review topics that summarize the current state of hurricane hazards in the USA. A review of meteorological hurricane hazard literature is broken into sections discussing wind and water hazards associa…
Shelter Seeking Plans of Tuscaloosa Residents for a Future Tornado Event
The enhanced Fujita scale category 4 (EF4) Tuscaloosa, Alabama, tornado on 27 April 2011 produced 64 fatalities along its 130-km track. Hybrid survey/interviews were conducted with a sample of 211 Tuscaloosa-area residents to determine how the 27 April tornado might change future shelter-seeking plans. Despite a history of tornadoes in the area, only 47% of Tuscaloosa residents had shelter plans in place prior to 27 April, but 62% intend to chang…
Suggestions for alternative tropical cyclone warning graphics in the USA
Purpose The cone of uncertainty (COU) warning graphic has created confusion for people trying to make evacuation and safety decisions. The purpose of this research was to create several alternative tropical cyclone graphics and present them to the public and college students via face‐to‐face surveys and polling. Design/methodology/approach Surveys depicting hypothetical landfall scenarios were administered in Pensacola and Jacksonville, FL. Respo…
A Tornado Watch Scale to Improve Public Response
A tornado refuge rubric was revised into a six-level, hierarchical Tornado Watch Scale (TWS) from level 0 to level 5 based on the likelihood of high or low-impact tornadic events. Levels correspond to an estimate of the maximum potential tornado intensity for a given day and include refuge/shelter categories of “adequate,” “questionable,” or “inadequate,” which encompass a range of refuge/shelter locations taken from the Enhanced Fujita scale. Ra…
Changes in Summer Weather Type Frequency in Eastern North America
In this research, the Spatial Synoptic Classification (SSC), a weather type scheme, is used as an alternative method of demonstrating evidence of climate change in the Eastern United States and southern Canada. Changes in frequencies for the seven SSC weather types were assessed for summer trends (May–September) at thirty-eight stations and also at four regions of latitude between 1950 and 2015. Using the SSC, results show significant summer decr…
Facebook and Twitter, communication and shelter, and the 2011 Tuscaloosa tornado
This paper represents one of the first attempts to analyse the many ways in which Facebook and Twitter were used during a tornado disaster. Comparisons between five randomly selected campus samples and a city of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, sample revealed that campus samples used Facebook and Twitter significantly more both before and after the tornado, but Facebook usage was not significantly different after the event. Furthermore, differences in socia…
The Effects of Social Connections on Evacuation Decision Making during Hurricane Irma
This study investigates the influence of individuals’ social connections in their decision to either evacuate or not evacuate in the days preceding the landfall of Hurricane Irma. Using Hurricane Irma in September 2017 as a case study, a survey was conducted on two groups (those who evacuated and those who did not evacuate) to assess people’s social connections specifically examining three dimensions: dependability, density, and diversity. These …
Evacuee Perception of Geophysical Hazards for Hurricane Irma
Hurricane Irma was one of the strongest Atlantic hurricanes in history before landfall and caused a large evacuation. A total of 155 evacuees at interstate rest areas were asked to rank their concern about damage at their residence for six different geophysical hurricane hazards. Additionally, they were asked about their perceived maximum wind speeds (PMWS) and the wind speeds at which they thought damage would occur (DW) at their residence. Thes…
Perceptions of Hurricane-Track Forecasts in the United States
Hurricanes Isaac (2012), Harvey (2017), and Irma (2017) were storms with different geophysical characteristics and track forecast consistencies. Despite the differences, common themes emerged from the perception of track forecasts from evacuees for each storm. Surveys with a mixture of closed and open-ended responses were conducted during the evacuations of each storm while the storm characteristics and decision-making were fresh in the minds of …
Tornado warning awareness, information needs and the barriers to protective action of individuals who are blind
Modifying the Extended Forecast Graphic to Improve Comprehension
The extended forecast graphic (EFG) is a popular graphic used by meteorologists to convey weather information, but it is poorly understood by the public. Deficiencies in the format, content, and presentation of the EFG contribute to a decrease in the efficacy of this graphic and reduce the comprehension of weather information. The format of the EFG has largely gone unchanged since the graphic first became popular more than four decades ago. The g…
Assessing Influential Factors on Inland Property Damage from Gulf of Mexico Tropical Cyclones in the United States
The Gulf and southeast coastal communities in the United States are particularly vulnerable to tropical cyclones. Coastal areas generally receive the greatest economic losses from tropical cyclones; however, research suggests that losses in the inland zone can occasionally be higher than the coastal zone. Previous research assessing the inland impacts from tropical cyclones was limited to the areas that are adjacent to the coastal zone only, wher…
The Influence of Demographic and Place Variables on Personalized Tornado Risk Area
Although there is clear evidence that proximity to a tornado or forecast tornado increases an individual’s risk perception, the specific relationships between risk personalization and spatial variables are unclear. It has also been established that one’s own evaluation of distance does not always match objective measurement. This study sought to explain the differences in the distance at which an individual would personalize the risk from a torna…
Weather Forecast Semiotics
Weather icons are some of the most frequently used visual tools that meteorologists employ to communicate weather information. Previous research has shown a tendency for the public to make inferences about weather forecast information on the basis of the icon shown. For example, people may infer a higher likelihood of precipitation, assume a higher intensity of precipitation, or determine the duration of expected precipitation if the weather icon…
Geographic constraints on rapid comprehension of tornado warning information
Exploring Personalized Tornado Risk with a Sketch Map Activity
Our study sought to understand how individuals think about their home location and county, including their geospatial awareness, and how they conceive of risk from a tornado geospatially. We conducted interviews and a sketch mapping activity with sixty-five individuals from Mississippi and Alabama. Our results indicated that participants could name and correctly locate only a few neighboring counties and that there was a difference of 4.7 miles o…
Are Some Cities Disproportionally Affected by Tornadoes
Despite the danger presented to communities, there is still a notable lack of knowledge on how the locations of tornadoes and tornado tracks, especially for violent tornadoes (VTs), vary on small spatial scales, such as in counties or cities. Certain cities like Moore, Oklahoma, have seen an abnormal number of VTs (three) compared to neighboring towns since the beginning of the historic record in 1950. The primary goal of this research was to det…
Geography (15 works) · Meteorology (14 works) · Tornado (10 works) · Computer Science (9 works) · Disaster Management and Resilience (8 works) · Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research (7 works) · Environmental Science (6 works) · Psychology (6 works) · Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics (5 works) · Flood Risk Assessment and Management (5 works)