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Zan Strabac

Biographic Data

ID135127
NAMEZan Strabac
GIVEN NAMESZan
FAMILY NAMEStrabac
SIGNATURESTRABAC Z
AFFILIATIONSNorwegian University of Science and Technology
ORCID0000-0002-1293-1449
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS25
TOTAL CITATIONS372
AUTHOR COUNT25
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2008
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX9
  • Cross-country analysis of negative attitudes towards immigrants and immigration in Southeast Asia: A case of Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand

    Open Access•M Valenta, David Andreas Bell et al.•ARTICLE•Asian and Pacific migration journal•2026•References: 36

    This article focuses on anti-immigrant attitudes in the three largest receivers of immigrants in Southeast Asia—Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. We found that the two dimensions of attitudes we analyzed—attitudes toward immigrants and immigration—have differing predictive power in the three countries, suggesting that they are rooted in distinct local concerns. Overall, the study found that people’s concerns regarding competition for jobs genera…

  • Retaining and Increasing Population in Island Communities: A Comparative Case Study of Two Islands in Norway and Croatia

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, M Valenta et al.•ARTICLE•Population Space and Place•2025•References: 10

    Population loss is one of the main challenges facing smaller island communities in Europe. In this study, we conduct a comparative analysis of population challenges in two island communities: one in Croatia and one in Norway. These two island communities have been struggling with slow, but very long‐term population decline. They have also both experienced an economic upswing in recent decades, resulting in fairly large numbers of labour immigrant…

  • Public attitudes towards immigrants: A curious case of Croatia

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, M Valenta et al.•ARTICLE•International Migration•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 6

    The Croatian population has been subjected to violent ethnic conflicts during the war in the 1990s and has more recently experienced large‐scale irregular and refugee migrations, as well as a notable increase in regular labour migration. Using data from the most recent wave of the European Social Survey, we have conducted an analysis of Croatian attitudes towards immigrants. Our study found that, despite Croatia's history of ethnic conflict and o…

  • Norway’s Immigrant Population and the Educational System: Grounds for Optimism

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, M Valenta•ARTICLE•Migracijske i etničke teme /…•2023

    In this study, we analyse changes in the composition of the immigrant population in Norway and the educational achievements of various groups of immigrants. Our analyses use quantitative indicators to distinguish between the various sub-categories of the immigrant population, both with regard to reasons for immigration (such as labour, refugees, and family), as well as in relation to the immigrants’ geographical origins. We also analyse the educa…

  • Perceptions and realities: Explaining welfare chauvinism in Europe

    Open Access•David Andreas Bell, M Valenta et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of European Social Policy•2023•Cited by: 7•References: 26

    Welfare chauvinism is largely understood as the view that the benefits of the welfare state should primarily be given to the native population, and not shared with the immigrant populations. Using a multilevel approach, we analyse welfare chauvinism in Europe and test to see how different contextual and macro-economic conditions may influence welfare chauvinistic attitudes in Europe, with a particular focus on different nuances of unemployment. W…

  • Nordic welfare chauvinism: A comparative study of welfare chauvinism in Sweden, Norway and Finland

    Open Access•David Andreas Bell, M Valenta et al.•ARTICLE•International Social Work•2022•Cited by: 10•References: 18

    This study analyses welfare chauvinist attitudes in the generous welfare states of Sweden, Norway and Finland. We find that strict forms of exclusionary welfare chauvinism are near non-existent. However, Finland, Norway and Sweden are in the top tier in Europe when it comes to beliefs that immigrants need to obtain citizenship before being given equal rights to social benefits. This may indicate a future turn in social policy when it comes to inc…

  • A comparative analysis of changes in anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim attitudes in Europe: 1990–2017

    Open Access•David Andreas Bell, M Valenta et al.•ARTICLE•Comparative Migration Studies•2021•Cited by: 19•References: 22

    Muslims and immigrants have both been subjected to negative attitudes over the past several decades in Europe. Using data from the European Values Study, this study analyses the changes in these attitudes in the period 1990–2017. We find that negative attitudes have been increasing on average in Europe as a whole, with anti-Muslim attitudes being more prevalent than anti-immigrant attitudes. However, when split into a Western European set and an …

  • Exclusion of Muslims in Eastern Europe and Western Europe. A Comparative Analysis of Anti-Muslim Attitudes in France, Norway, Poland and Czech Republic

    David Andreas Bell, Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•International Journal on Minority…•2020

    There are worrying signs of rising intolerance towards Muslim immigrants in the majority of European societies. We use data from the 2014/2015 wave of European Social Survey to analyse negative attitudes toward Muslim immigrants in France, Norway, Poland and the Czech Republic. Results of the analyses reveal that both levels and determinants of the anti-Muslim attitudes vary greatly. The levels are highest in Czech Republic and Poland, the two co…

  • Party affiliation and support for Muslim newcomers: Masked opposition in the Norwegian context

    Open Access•Millie Creighton, Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•European Societies•2020•Cited by: 3•References: 28

    This work considers how anti-immigrant sentiment is selectively revealed, offering a new perspective on the role stigma plays in defining the political mainstream. By way of a survey experiment in Norway, we measure the gap between what people express and the beliefs they hold anonymously, assessing how supporters of distinct political parties situationally conform to expectations about the expression of intolerance. Using three frames, we contra…

  • Temporary Labour–Migration System and Long–term Residence Strategies in the United Arab Emirates

    Open Access•M Valenta, Kaley Elizabeth Knowlton et al.•ARTICLE•International Migration•2019•Cited by: 6•References: 1

    The United Arab Emirates’ migration system, the sponsorship–based kafala system, is defined as a temporary labour–migration regime. Although there are policies making permanent residence unattainable for virtually all migrants, it is still relevant to explore the temporality of migrations in the UAE . The purpose of this study is to investigate developments in migration, migration policies and population trends in the country, including trends th…

  • The dramaturgical nexus of ethno-religious, tourist and transnational frames of pilgrimages in post-conflict societies: The Bosnian and Herzegovinian experience

    Open Access•M Valenta, Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•Tourist Studies•2016•Cited by: 1•References: 15

    This article focuses on two Catholic pilgrimages in Bosnia–Herzegovina in order to analyse the similarities and differences between them with regard to forms of religious tourism and variety of interpretations of pilgrimages. Based on ethnographic data gathered in Bosnia–Herzegovina, the discussion focuses on micro-level processes and their structural frames. Regarding the frame analysis, the article provides an analysis of the tourist, transnati…

  • The Return of Prejudice in Europe's Regions: The Moderated Relationship between Group Threat and Economic Vulnerability

    J V Isaksen, Tor G Jakobsen et al.•ARTICLE•Nationalism and Ethnic Politics•2016•Cited by: 6

    Using data from 16 countries and employing multilevel analysis that encompasses the national, regional, and individual levels, we find that both economic and social factors trigger anti-immigrant attitudes among Europeans. Regional per capita GDP is positively correlated with tolerant attitudes while the regional unemployment rate drives prejudice. We find a moderating relationship between immigrant population size and per capita GDP, which sugge…

  • Wearing the veil: Hijab, Islam and job qualifications as determinants of social attitudes towards immigrant women in Norway

    Zan Strabac, Toril Aalberg et al.•ARTICLE•Ethnic and Racial Studies•2016•Cited by: 20•References: 20

    Immigrant women are a particularly vulnerable part of the immigrant population. In this paper we analyse negative attitudes towards immigrant women in Norway. We focus on immigrant women's formal job qualifications, their religious background and wearing of hijab - the headscarf sometimes used by Muslim women. Using survey-embedded experiments we are able to analyse the net effects on attitudes of job qualifications, Islamic religious background …

  • Attitudes towards Muslim Immigrants: Evidence from Survey Experiments across Four Countries

    Zan Strabac, Toril Aalberg et al.•ARTICLE•New Community•2014•Cited by: 37•References: 27

    There has been much negative focus on Muslims in public debates in the West and it is a matter of great interest to examine whether Muslims are particularly exposed to prejudice and hostility. Since it is known that immigrants tend to be exposed to prejudice, and practically all Muslims living in Western countries are either immigrants or are of immigrant origin, it is useful to analyse whether Muslims are viewed more negatively than immigrants i…

  • The Dynamics of Bosnian Refugee Migrations in the 1990s, Current Migration Trends and Future Prospects

    M Valenta, Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•Refugee Survey Quarterly•2013•Cited by: 8

    More than two million people have had to leave their original homes, and more than one million people have left Bosnia-Herzegovina altogether, as a result of the war in that country. Although large groups of refugees returned to the country in the late 1990s, the majority of refugees have resettled permanently in the receiving countries. In addition, tens of thousands of Bosnians migrated after the Dayton Peace Agreement was signed. Yet refugee m…

  • Religion and Support for Democracy in Bosnia-Herzegovina

    Open Access•M Valenta, Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•Politics and Religion•2012•References: 17

    This article examines the relationship between religiosity and support for democracy in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Using data from the last World Values Survey, we examine levels of religiosity among Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats, and their support for democracy. The influence of religiosity on support for democracy is also explored. The results indicate that religiosity has a negative influence on support for democracy, and it is particularly true for in…

  • Political Nationalism and Attitudes towards Immigration: The Interaction of Knowledge and Policy

    Maria Elena Sandovici, Tor G Jakobsen et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal on Minority…•2012•Cited by: 2

    The issue of immigration is highly salient to citizens of industrialised democracies. Globalisation and the emergence of an international human rights regime, among other reasons, led to high levels of immigration to industrialised countries in recent decades. Immigrant-receiving states have shown only limited ability to control the size and composition of their immigrant population. Immigration has therefore emerged as a prominent political issu…

  • Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund og Arne Mastekaasa (red.): Integrert? Innvandrere og barn av innvandrere i utdanning og arbeidsliv

    Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•Sosiologisk tidsskrift•2011

  • It Is the Eyes and Not the Size That Matter

    Open Access•Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•European Societies•2011•Cited by: 33•References: 16

    The number of immigrants to Western Europe has been increasing, with immigration the subject of much controversy in contemporary Europe. In this article, we investigate the relationship between the size of the immigrant population, how natives perceive this size, and their anti-immigrant attitudes. We use data from the 2002/2003 European Social Survey covering 17 Western European countries, and we find that as a rule Western Europeans think that …

  • State-assisted integration, but not for all: Norwegian welfare services and labour migration from the new EU member states

    Open Access•M Valenta, Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•International Social Work•2011•Cited by: 9•References: 2

    In the last decade, the labour migrant population, especially from East European countries, has significantly increased in Scandinavia. Among the Scandinavian countries, Norway stands as the largest recipient of labour migrants from new European Union (EU) countries. This article focuses on the reception conditions for labour migrants from new EU member states during the period 2004—2009. The article also explores, contextualizes and relates the …

  • Patterns of Ethnic Intolerance in Europe

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, Ola Listhaug et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of International…•2011•Cited by: 1•References: 26

  • Measuring Political Knowledge in Telephone and Web Surveys: A Cross-National Comparison

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, Toril Aalberg•ARTICLE•Social Science Computer Review•2010•Cited by: 22•References: 17

    Fast pace of technology changes makes conduction of high-quality web surveys increasingly easy, and performance of web surveys should be continuously monitored. In this article, a comparison is made of the results of telephone and web surveys of items measuring international news knowledge. The authors compare web surveys of general populations conducted in the United States and Norway in January 2009 with their telephone replications conducted i…

  • Ethnic Intolerance, Voting Preferences, and Political Change in Croatia

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, M Valenta•ARTICLE•Comparative Southeast European…•2010

    This article examines associations between voting preferences and ethnic intolerance in Croatia roughly eight years after the end of the war and four years after the country's abandonment of the strongly nationalistic and intolerant policies that were pursued in the early post-war period. Using data from a survey conducted in 2003/2004, we examine the level of ethnic intolerance among supporters of some of the major political parties. We particul…

  • Anti-Muslim prejudice in Europe: A multilevel analysis of survey data from 30 countries

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, Ola Listhaug•ARTICLE•Social Science Research•2008•Cited by: 176•References: 61

  • Individual and Contextual Influences of War on Ethnic Prejudice in Croatia

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, Kristen Ringdal•ARTICLE•Sociological Quarterly•2008•Cited by: 11•References: 30

    This article examines what the determinants of ethnic prejudice in Croatia were in the aftermath of the 1991–1995 war. The analysis is based on a nationwide survey (N = 2,202) conducted in March and April 1996, less than a year after the cessation of war activities in Croatia. The main focus of our analysis is on how war influences the ethnic prejudice of individuals. The influences of individual war-related experiences and the effects of regiona…

  • Anti-Muslim prejudice in Europe: A multilevel analysis of survey data from 30 countries

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, Ola Listhaug•ARTICLE•Social Science Research•2008•Cited by: 176•References: 61

  • Attitudes towards Muslim Immigrants: Evidence from Survey Experiments across Four Countries

    Zan Strabac, Toril Aalberg et al.•ARTICLE•New Community•2014•Cited by: 37•References: 27

    There has been much negative focus on Muslims in public debates in the West and it is a matter of great interest to examine whether Muslims are particularly exposed to prejudice and hostility. Since it is known that immigrants tend to be exposed to prejudice, and practically all Muslims living in Western countries are either immigrants or are of immigrant origin, it is useful to analyse whether Muslims are viewed more negatively than immigrants i…

  • It Is the Eyes and Not the Size That Matter

    Open Access•Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•European Societies•2011•Cited by: 33•References: 16

    The number of immigrants to Western Europe has been increasing, with immigration the subject of much controversy in contemporary Europe. In this article, we investigate the relationship between the size of the immigrant population, how natives perceive this size, and their anti-immigrant attitudes. We use data from the 2002/2003 European Social Survey covering 17 Western European countries, and we find that as a rule Western Europeans think that …

  • Measuring Political Knowledge in Telephone and Web Surveys: A Cross-National Comparison

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, Toril Aalberg•ARTICLE•Social Science Computer Review•2010•Cited by: 22•References: 17

    Fast pace of technology changes makes conduction of high-quality web surveys increasingly easy, and performance of web surveys should be continuously monitored. In this article, a comparison is made of the results of telephone and web surveys of items measuring international news knowledge. The authors compare web surveys of general populations conducted in the United States and Norway in January 2009 with their telephone replications conducted i…

  • Wearing the veil: Hijab, Islam and job qualifications as determinants of social attitudes towards immigrant women in Norway

    Zan Strabac, Toril Aalberg et al.•ARTICLE•Ethnic and Racial Studies•2016•Cited by: 20•References: 20

    Immigrant women are a particularly vulnerable part of the immigrant population. In this paper we analyse negative attitudes towards immigrant women in Norway. We focus on immigrant women's formal job qualifications, their religious background and wearing of hijab - the headscarf sometimes used by Muslim women. Using survey-embedded experiments we are able to analyse the net effects on attitudes of job qualifications, Islamic religious background …

  • A comparative analysis of changes in anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim attitudes in Europe: 1990–2017

    Open Access•David Andreas Bell, M Valenta et al.•ARTICLE•Comparative Migration Studies•2021•Cited by: 19•References: 22

    Muslims and immigrants have both been subjected to negative attitudes over the past several decades in Europe. Using data from the European Values Study, this study analyses the changes in these attitudes in the period 1990–2017. We find that negative attitudes have been increasing on average in Europe as a whole, with anti-Muslim attitudes being more prevalent than anti-immigrant attitudes. However, when split into a Western European set and an …

  • Individual and Contextual Influences of War on Ethnic Prejudice in Croatia

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, Kristen Ringdal•ARTICLE•Sociological Quarterly•2008•Cited by: 11•References: 30

    This article examines what the determinants of ethnic prejudice in Croatia were in the aftermath of the 1991–1995 war. The analysis is based on a nationwide survey (N = 2,202) conducted in March and April 1996, less than a year after the cessation of war activities in Croatia. The main focus of our analysis is on how war influences the ethnic prejudice of individuals. The influences of individual war-related experiences and the effects of regiona…

  • Nordic welfare chauvinism: A comparative study of welfare chauvinism in Sweden, Norway and Finland

    Open Access•David Andreas Bell, M Valenta et al.•ARTICLE•International Social Work•2022•Cited by: 10•References: 18

    This study analyses welfare chauvinist attitudes in the generous welfare states of Sweden, Norway and Finland. We find that strict forms of exclusionary welfare chauvinism are near non-existent. However, Finland, Norway and Sweden are in the top tier in Europe when it comes to beliefs that immigrants need to obtain citizenship before being given equal rights to social benefits. This may indicate a future turn in social policy when it comes to inc…

  • State-assisted integration, but not for all: Norwegian welfare services and labour migration from the new EU member states

    Open Access•M Valenta, Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•International Social Work•2011•Cited by: 9•References: 2

    In the last decade, the labour migrant population, especially from East European countries, has significantly increased in Scandinavia. Among the Scandinavian countries, Norway stands as the largest recipient of labour migrants from new European Union (EU) countries. This article focuses on the reception conditions for labour migrants from new EU member states during the period 2004—2009. The article also explores, contextualizes and relates the …

  • The Dynamics of Bosnian Refugee Migrations in the 1990s, Current Migration Trends and Future Prospects

    M Valenta, Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•Refugee Survey Quarterly•2013•Cited by: 8

    More than two million people have had to leave their original homes, and more than one million people have left Bosnia-Herzegovina altogether, as a result of the war in that country. Although large groups of refugees returned to the country in the late 1990s, the majority of refugees have resettled permanently in the receiving countries. In addition, tens of thousands of Bosnians migrated after the Dayton Peace Agreement was signed. Yet refugee m…

  • Perceptions and realities: Explaining welfare chauvinism in Europe

    Open Access•David Andreas Bell, M Valenta et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of European Social Policy•2023•Cited by: 7•References: 26

    Welfare chauvinism is largely understood as the view that the benefits of the welfare state should primarily be given to the native population, and not shared with the immigrant populations. Using a multilevel approach, we analyse welfare chauvinism in Europe and test to see how different contextual and macro-economic conditions may influence welfare chauvinistic attitudes in Europe, with a particular focus on different nuances of unemployment. W…

  • Temporary Labour–Migration System and Long–term Residence Strategies in the United Arab Emirates

    Open Access•M Valenta, Kaley Elizabeth Knowlton et al.•ARTICLE•International Migration•2019•Cited by: 6•References: 1

    The United Arab Emirates’ migration system, the sponsorship–based kafala system, is defined as a temporary labour–migration regime. Although there are policies making permanent residence unattainable for virtually all migrants, it is still relevant to explore the temporality of migrations in the UAE . The purpose of this study is to investigate developments in migration, migration policies and population trends in the country, including trends th…

  • The Return of Prejudice in Europe's Regions: The Moderated Relationship between Group Threat and Economic Vulnerability

    J V Isaksen, Tor G Jakobsen et al.•ARTICLE•Nationalism and Ethnic Politics•2016•Cited by: 6

    Using data from 16 countries and employing multilevel analysis that encompasses the national, regional, and individual levels, we find that both economic and social factors trigger anti-immigrant attitudes among Europeans. Regional per capita GDP is positively correlated with tolerant attitudes while the regional unemployment rate drives prejudice. We find a moderating relationship between immigrant population size and per capita GDP, which sugge…

  • Party affiliation and support for Muslim newcomers: Masked opposition in the Norwegian context

    Open Access•Millie Creighton, Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•European Societies•2020•Cited by: 3•References: 28

    This work considers how anti-immigrant sentiment is selectively revealed, offering a new perspective on the role stigma plays in defining the political mainstream. By way of a survey experiment in Norway, we measure the gap between what people express and the beliefs they hold anonymously, assessing how supporters of distinct political parties situationally conform to expectations about the expression of intolerance. Using three frames, we contra…

  • Political Nationalism and Attitudes towards Immigration: The Interaction of Knowledge and Policy

    Maria Elena Sandovici, Tor G Jakobsen et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal on Minority…•2012•Cited by: 2

    The issue of immigration is highly salient to citizens of industrialised democracies. Globalisation and the emergence of an international human rights regime, among other reasons, led to high levels of immigration to industrialised countries in recent decades. Immigrant-receiving states have shown only limited ability to control the size and composition of their immigrant population. Immigration has therefore emerged as a prominent political issu…

  • Public attitudes towards immigrants: A curious case of Croatia

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, M Valenta et al.•ARTICLE•International Migration•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 6

    The Croatian population has been subjected to violent ethnic conflicts during the war in the 1990s and has more recently experienced large‐scale irregular and refugee migrations, as well as a notable increase in regular labour migration. Using data from the most recent wave of the European Social Survey, we have conducted an analysis of Croatian attitudes towards immigrants. Our study found that, despite Croatia's history of ethnic conflict and o…

  • The dramaturgical nexus of ethno-religious, tourist and transnational frames of pilgrimages in post-conflict societies: The Bosnian and Herzegovinian experience

    Open Access•M Valenta, Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•Tourist Studies•2016•Cited by: 1•References: 15

    This article focuses on two Catholic pilgrimages in Bosnia–Herzegovina in order to analyse the similarities and differences between them with regard to forms of religious tourism and variety of interpretations of pilgrimages. Based on ethnographic data gathered in Bosnia–Herzegovina, the discussion focuses on micro-level processes and their structural frames. Regarding the frame analysis, the article provides an analysis of the tourist, transnati…

  • Patterns of Ethnic Intolerance in Europe

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, Ola Listhaug et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of International…•2011•Cited by: 1•References: 26

  • Anti-Muslim prejudice in Europe: A multilevel analysis of survey data from 30 countries

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, Ola Listhaug•ARTICLE•Social Science Research•2008•Cited by: 176•References: 61

  • Individual and Contextual Influences of War on Ethnic Prejudice in Croatia

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, Kristen Ringdal•ARTICLE•Sociological Quarterly•2008•Cited by: 11•References: 30

    This article examines what the determinants of ethnic prejudice in Croatia were in the aftermath of the 1991–1995 war. The analysis is based on a nationwide survey (N = 2,202) conducted in March and April 1996, less than a year after the cessation of war activities in Croatia. The main focus of our analysis is on how war influences the ethnic prejudice of individuals. The influences of individual war-related experiences and the effects of regiona…

  • Measuring Political Knowledge in Telephone and Web Surveys: A Cross-National Comparison

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, Toril Aalberg•ARTICLE•Social Science Computer Review•2010•Cited by: 22•References: 17

    Fast pace of technology changes makes conduction of high-quality web surveys increasingly easy, and performance of web surveys should be continuously monitored. In this article, a comparison is made of the results of telephone and web surveys of items measuring international news knowledge. The authors compare web surveys of general populations conducted in the United States and Norway in January 2009 with their telephone replications conducted i…

  • Ethnic Intolerance, Voting Preferences, and Political Change in Croatia

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, M Valenta•ARTICLE•Comparative Southeast European…•2010

    This article examines associations between voting preferences and ethnic intolerance in Croatia roughly eight years after the end of the war and four years after the country's abandonment of the strongly nationalistic and intolerant policies that were pursued in the early post-war period. Using data from a survey conducted in 2003/2004, we examine the level of ethnic intolerance among supporters of some of the major political parties. We particul…

  • Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund og Arne Mastekaasa (red.): Integrert? Innvandrere og barn av innvandrere i utdanning og arbeidsliv

    Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•Sosiologisk tidsskrift•2011

  • It Is the Eyes and Not the Size That Matter

    Open Access•Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•European Societies•2011•Cited by: 33•References: 16

    The number of immigrants to Western Europe has been increasing, with immigration the subject of much controversy in contemporary Europe. In this article, we investigate the relationship between the size of the immigrant population, how natives perceive this size, and their anti-immigrant attitudes. We use data from the 2002/2003 European Social Survey covering 17 Western European countries, and we find that as a rule Western Europeans think that …

  • State-assisted integration, but not for all: Norwegian welfare services and labour migration from the new EU member states

    Open Access•M Valenta, Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•International Social Work•2011•Cited by: 9•References: 2

    In the last decade, the labour migrant population, especially from East European countries, has significantly increased in Scandinavia. Among the Scandinavian countries, Norway stands as the largest recipient of labour migrants from new European Union (EU) countries. This article focuses on the reception conditions for labour migrants from new EU member states during the period 2004—2009. The article also explores, contextualizes and relates the …

  • Patterns of Ethnic Intolerance in Europe

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, Ola Listhaug et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of International…•2011•Cited by: 1•References: 26

  • Religion and Support for Democracy in Bosnia-Herzegovina

    Open Access•M Valenta, Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•Politics and Religion•2012•References: 17

    This article examines the relationship between religiosity and support for democracy in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Using data from the last World Values Survey, we examine levels of religiosity among Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats, and their support for democracy. The influence of religiosity on support for democracy is also explored. The results indicate that religiosity has a negative influence on support for democracy, and it is particularly true for in…

  • Political Nationalism and Attitudes towards Immigration: The Interaction of Knowledge and Policy

    Maria Elena Sandovici, Tor G Jakobsen et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal on Minority…•2012•Cited by: 2

    The issue of immigration is highly salient to citizens of industrialised democracies. Globalisation and the emergence of an international human rights regime, among other reasons, led to high levels of immigration to industrialised countries in recent decades. Immigrant-receiving states have shown only limited ability to control the size and composition of their immigrant population. Immigration has therefore emerged as a prominent political issu…

  • The Dynamics of Bosnian Refugee Migrations in the 1990s, Current Migration Trends and Future Prospects

    M Valenta, Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•Refugee Survey Quarterly•2013•Cited by: 8

    More than two million people have had to leave their original homes, and more than one million people have left Bosnia-Herzegovina altogether, as a result of the war in that country. Although large groups of refugees returned to the country in the late 1990s, the majority of refugees have resettled permanently in the receiving countries. In addition, tens of thousands of Bosnians migrated after the Dayton Peace Agreement was signed. Yet refugee m…

  • Attitudes towards Muslim Immigrants: Evidence from Survey Experiments across Four Countries

    Zan Strabac, Toril Aalberg et al.•ARTICLE•New Community•2014•Cited by: 37•References: 27

    There has been much negative focus on Muslims in public debates in the West and it is a matter of great interest to examine whether Muslims are particularly exposed to prejudice and hostility. Since it is known that immigrants tend to be exposed to prejudice, and practically all Muslims living in Western countries are either immigrants or are of immigrant origin, it is useful to analyse whether Muslims are viewed more negatively than immigrants i…

  • The dramaturgical nexus of ethno-religious, tourist and transnational frames of pilgrimages in post-conflict societies: The Bosnian and Herzegovinian experience

    Open Access•M Valenta, Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•Tourist Studies•2016•Cited by: 1•References: 15

    This article focuses on two Catholic pilgrimages in Bosnia–Herzegovina in order to analyse the similarities and differences between them with regard to forms of religious tourism and variety of interpretations of pilgrimages. Based on ethnographic data gathered in Bosnia–Herzegovina, the discussion focuses on micro-level processes and their structural frames. Regarding the frame analysis, the article provides an analysis of the tourist, transnati…

  • The Return of Prejudice in Europe's Regions: The Moderated Relationship between Group Threat and Economic Vulnerability

    J V Isaksen, Tor G Jakobsen et al.•ARTICLE•Nationalism and Ethnic Politics•2016•Cited by: 6

    Using data from 16 countries and employing multilevel analysis that encompasses the national, regional, and individual levels, we find that both economic and social factors trigger anti-immigrant attitudes among Europeans. Regional per capita GDP is positively correlated with tolerant attitudes while the regional unemployment rate drives prejudice. We find a moderating relationship between immigrant population size and per capita GDP, which sugge…

  • Wearing the veil: Hijab, Islam and job qualifications as determinants of social attitudes towards immigrant women in Norway

    Zan Strabac, Toril Aalberg et al.•ARTICLE•Ethnic and Racial Studies•2016•Cited by: 20•References: 20

    Immigrant women are a particularly vulnerable part of the immigrant population. In this paper we analyse negative attitudes towards immigrant women in Norway. We focus on immigrant women's formal job qualifications, their religious background and wearing of hijab - the headscarf sometimes used by Muslim women. Using survey-embedded experiments we are able to analyse the net effects on attitudes of job qualifications, Islamic religious background …

  • Temporary Labour–Migration System and Long–term Residence Strategies in the United Arab Emirates

    Open Access•M Valenta, Kaley Elizabeth Knowlton et al.•ARTICLE•International Migration•2019•Cited by: 6•References: 1

    The United Arab Emirates’ migration system, the sponsorship–based kafala system, is defined as a temporary labour–migration regime. Although there are policies making permanent residence unattainable for virtually all migrants, it is still relevant to explore the temporality of migrations in the UAE . The purpose of this study is to investigate developments in migration, migration policies and population trends in the country, including trends th…

  • Exclusion of Muslims in Eastern Europe and Western Europe. A Comparative Analysis of Anti-Muslim Attitudes in France, Norway, Poland and Czech Republic

    David Andreas Bell, Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•International Journal on Minority…•2020

    There are worrying signs of rising intolerance towards Muslim immigrants in the majority of European societies. We use data from the 2014/2015 wave of European Social Survey to analyse negative attitudes toward Muslim immigrants in France, Norway, Poland and the Czech Republic. Results of the analyses reveal that both levels and determinants of the anti-Muslim attitudes vary greatly. The levels are highest in Czech Republic and Poland, the two co…

  • Party affiliation and support for Muslim newcomers: Masked opposition in the Norwegian context

    Open Access•Millie Creighton, Zan Strabac•ARTICLE•European Societies•2020•Cited by: 3•References: 28

    This work considers how anti-immigrant sentiment is selectively revealed, offering a new perspective on the role stigma plays in defining the political mainstream. By way of a survey experiment in Norway, we measure the gap between what people express and the beliefs they hold anonymously, assessing how supporters of distinct political parties situationally conform to expectations about the expression of intolerance. Using three frames, we contra…

  • A comparative analysis of changes in anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim attitudes in Europe: 1990–2017

    Open Access•David Andreas Bell, M Valenta et al.•ARTICLE•Comparative Migration Studies•2021•Cited by: 19•References: 22

    Muslims and immigrants have both been subjected to negative attitudes over the past several decades in Europe. Using data from the European Values Study, this study analyses the changes in these attitudes in the period 1990–2017. We find that negative attitudes have been increasing on average in Europe as a whole, with anti-Muslim attitudes being more prevalent than anti-immigrant attitudes. However, when split into a Western European set and an …

  • Nordic welfare chauvinism: A comparative study of welfare chauvinism in Sweden, Norway and Finland

    Open Access•David Andreas Bell, M Valenta et al.•ARTICLE•International Social Work•2022•Cited by: 10•References: 18

    This study analyses welfare chauvinist attitudes in the generous welfare states of Sweden, Norway and Finland. We find that strict forms of exclusionary welfare chauvinism are near non-existent. However, Finland, Norway and Sweden are in the top tier in Europe when it comes to beliefs that immigrants need to obtain citizenship before being given equal rights to social benefits. This may indicate a future turn in social policy when it comes to inc…

  • Norway’s Immigrant Population and the Educational System: Grounds for Optimism

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, M Valenta•ARTICLE•Migracijske i etničke teme /…•2023

    In this study, we analyse changes in the composition of the immigrant population in Norway and the educational achievements of various groups of immigrants. Our analyses use quantitative indicators to distinguish between the various sub-categories of the immigrant population, both with regard to reasons for immigration (such as labour, refugees, and family), as well as in relation to the immigrants’ geographical origins. We also analyse the educa…

  • Perceptions and realities: Explaining welfare chauvinism in Europe

    Open Access•David Andreas Bell, M Valenta et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of European Social Policy•2023•Cited by: 7•References: 26

    Welfare chauvinism is largely understood as the view that the benefits of the welfare state should primarily be given to the native population, and not shared with the immigrant populations. Using a multilevel approach, we analyse welfare chauvinism in Europe and test to see how different contextual and macro-economic conditions may influence welfare chauvinistic attitudes in Europe, with a particular focus on different nuances of unemployment. W…

  • Public attitudes towards immigrants: A curious case of Croatia

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, M Valenta et al.•ARTICLE•International Migration•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 6

    The Croatian population has been subjected to violent ethnic conflicts during the war in the 1990s and has more recently experienced large‐scale irregular and refugee migrations, as well as a notable increase in regular labour migration. Using data from the most recent wave of the European Social Survey, we have conducted an analysis of Croatian attitudes towards immigrants. Our study found that, despite Croatia's history of ethnic conflict and o…

  • Retaining and Increasing Population in Island Communities: A Comparative Case Study of Two Islands in Norway and Croatia

    Open Access•Zan Strabac, M Valenta et al.•ARTICLE•Population Space and Place•2025•References: 10

    Population loss is one of the main challenges facing smaller island communities in Europe. In this study, we conduct a comparative analysis of population challenges in two island communities: one in Croatia and one in Norway. These two island communities have been struggling with slow, but very long‐term population decline. They have also both experienced an economic upswing in recent decades, resulting in fairly large numbers of labour immigrant…

  • Cross-country analysis of negative attitudes towards immigrants and immigration in Southeast Asia: A case of Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand

    Open Access•M Valenta, David Andreas Bell et al.•ARTICLE•Asian and Pacific migration journal•2026•References: 36

    This article focuses on anti-immigrant attitudes in the three largest receivers of immigrants in Southeast Asia—Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. We found that the two dimensions of attitudes we analyzed—attitudes toward immigrants and immigration—have differing predictive power in the three countries, suggesting that they are rooted in distinct local concerns. Overall, the study found that people’s concerns regarding competition for jobs genera…

Political science (19 works) · Sociology (18 works) · Immigration (15 works) · Law (15 works) · Geography (14 works) · Demographic economics (13 works) · Population (13 works) · Economics (12 works) · Law (12 works) · Migration, Refugees, and Integration (12 works)

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