P S Goldstein
Biographic Data
| ID | 135234 |
|---|---|
| NAME | P S Goldstein |
| GIVEN NAMES | P S |
| FAMILY NAME | Goldstein |
| SIGNATURE | GOLDSTEIN P S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California San Diego |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4431-6731 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 30 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 306 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 30 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1973 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Dogs in Tiwanaku Society: Life Histories of Companion Animals from the Moquegua Valley, Peru
We examine the social role of dogs in the Central Andes using dog remains from Middle Horizon (AD 600–1000) Tiwanaku sites in the Moquegua Valley, Peru. We describe dog remains from domestic, cemetery, and temple contexts and provide life histories of two naturally mummified young dogs that Tiwanaku inhabitants intentionally buried in domestic households at the sites of Rio Muerto and Omo. We present morphological and morphometric values for the …
Dating the ebb and flow of Tiwanaku and post-collapse material culture across the Andes
Homeland Food Traditions in the Tiwanaku Colonies: Quinoa and Amaranthaceae Cultivation in the Middle Horizon (AD 600-1100) Locumba Valley, Peru
The Tiwanaku civilization (around AD 500-1100) originated in the Bolivian altiplano of the south-central Andes and established agrarian colonies (AD 600-1100) in the Peruvian coastal valleys. Current dietary investigations at Tiwanaku colonial sites focus on maize, a coastal valley cultivar with ritual and political significance. Here, we examine Tiwanaku provincial foodways and ask to what degree the Tiwanaku settlers maintained their culinary a…
A case study of multiple individuals with a supernumerary vertebra and sacralization in the prehistoric Rio Muerto Tiwanaku cemetery (AD 700-900), Moquegua, Peru
This paper presents a rare cluster of 16 Tiwanaku colonists (AD 700-1000) buried in the Rio Muerto cemeteries M70B and M43A (Moquegua Valley, Peru) who have a supernumerary sixth lumbar (L6) vertebra in their complete spine. While some nonhuman primates have an extra lumbar vertebra for quadrupedal flexibility, an additional lumbar vertebra in humans is considered a rare trait and associated with a Hox gene mutation. More than half of adolescent …
Contextual, Taphonomic, and Paleoecological Insights from Anurans on Tiwanaku Sites in Southern Peru
We examine the processes that resulted in the deposition of bones of at least three anuran genera on four archaeological sites associated with the Tiwanaku culture occupied between 700–1100 CE in the Moquegua Valley of far southern Peru. We review archaeological data and ethnographic accounts of Andean peoples using frogs and toads for food and in rain-quest rituals. Anuran bones are common in prehispanic cemeteries, but far less common in habita…
P-XRF compositional analysis of obsidian from the Middle Moquegua Valley, Peru: Interaction on the Tiwanaku and Wari frontier
The Charaña Obsidian Source and its Role in the Prehispanic Exchange Networks of the Titicaca Basin
Although the Chivay Source in the Colca Valley of Arequipa was the dominant provider of obsidian for the Lake Titicaca Basin throughout prehistory, other sources were also exploited. One minor deposit was recognized from a distinctive composition of obsidian artifacts previously known as the Tumuku or Khonko Type, but its geological location had not been identified and confirmed. This article identifies a deposit 28 km east of the village of Char…
Tiwanaku Sealings and Signet Rings: Authority Transmission in the Ancient Andes
Sealings recovered from the Omo M10 temple, a provincial center of the Andean Tiwanaku state (AD 500-1100), and from the Muru Ut Pata neighborhood of the Tiwanaku capital, as well as a signet ring from the Akapana East complex of Tiwanaku's highland capital, shed light on the hitherto undocumented use of seals and sealings in Central Andean complex society. The identification of Tiwanaku sealings related to the signet ring seal has implications f…
From whorl to cloth: An analysis of textile production in the Tiwanaku provinces
Evidence of osteoarthritis in the Tiwanaku Colony, Moquegua, Peru (AD500-1100)
The Tiwanaku (AD500-1100) colonized ecologically diverse, lower elevation areas to produce goods not easily grown in the high altitude heartland (3,800 m a.s.l.). One colony near present-day Moquegua, Peru (900-1,500 m a.s.l.) was composed of multiple Tiwanaku settlements. Colonists farmed products like maize and coca and transported goods via llama caravan between the colony and heartland. Two subsistence groups emerged in terms of settlement, t…
Plazas and Processional Paths in Tiwanaku Temples: Divergence, Convergence, and Encounter at Omo M10, Moquegua, Peru
Reconstructing access patterns, in particular processional and liturgical movement in ceremonial architecture, can illuminate social processes within expansive states. Extensive excavations from 2010-2012 in the uniquely preserved Tiwanaku temple at the Omo M10 site in Moquegua, Peru (ca. AD 500-1100), shed new light on connectedness and access patterns of the temple. Extensive areal excavations confirm past interpretations of a central axial ser…
No Country for Old People: A Paleodemographic Analysis of Migration Dynamics in Early Andean States
In this paper, we present a paleodemographic interpretation of a complete mortuary population from the site of Rio Muerto (southern Peru) affiliated with the early Andean Tiwanaku state (A.D.500-1000). Although advances in biogeochemical paleomobility studies have revolutionized bioarchaeological approaches to certain aspects of migration, paleodemography continues to offer a valuable complementary perspective on migration and population dynamics…
Multiethnicity, pluralism, and migration in the south central Andes: An alternate path to state expansion
The south central Andes is known as a region of enduring multiethnic diversity, yet it is also the cradle of one the South America’s first successful expansive-state societies. Social structures that encouraged the maintenance of separate identities among coexistent ethnic groups may explain this apparent contradiction. Although the early expansion of the Tiwanaku state (A.D. 600–1000) is often interpreted according to a centralized model derived…
Diet and gender in the T iwanaku colonies: Stable isotope analysis of human bone collagen and apatite from M oquegua, P eru
OBJECTIVES: Gender and other facets of social identity play important roles in the organization of complex societies. This study reconstructs dietary practices within the Middle Horizon (AD 500-1000) Tiwanaku colonies in southern Peru to increase our knowledge of gendered patterns of consumption within this early expansive state. METHODS: We use stable isotope analysis of 43 human bone samples representing 14 females, 20 males, 8 juveniles, and 1…
More than the sum of its parts: Dress and social identity in a provincial Tiwanaku child burial
Paleomobility in the Tiwanaku Diaspora: Biogeochemical analyses at R io M uerto, M oquegua, P eru
Paleomobility has been a key element in the study of the expansion of ancient states and empires, including the Tiwanaku polity of the South Central Andes (AD 500–1000). We present radiogenic strontium and oxygen isotope data from human burials from three cemeteries in the Tiwanaku‐affiliated Middle Horizon archaeological site complex of Rio Muerto in the Moquegua Valley of southern Peru. At Rio Muerto, archaeological human enamel and bone values…
Tiwanaku and Wari State Expansion: Demographic and Outpost Colonization Compared
Heterarchy and hierarchy: The community plan as institution in Cahokia's polity
Floodplain Development, El Niño, and Cultural Consequences in a Hyperarid Andean Environment
Using field-mapping, remote-sensing (ASTER, aerial photography), and GIS/GPS, we identified and analyzed reach-scale geomorphic responses to contemporary floods along a 20-km valley length in hyperarid southern Peru. We combined these data with alluvial stratigraphy of remnant terrace patches recording late Holocene aggradation and incision. In this manner we ascertained how climate change, especially the occurrence of the El Niño–Southern Oscill…
Andean Diaspora: The Tiwanaku Colonies and the Origins of South American Empire
Andean Diaspora: The Tiwanaku Colonies and the Origins of South American Empire
This book takes a new and provocative approach to ancient state expansion, looking at the role and dynamics of colonization in pre-Columbian Andean states. Paul Goldstein argues that the influential Tiwanaku culture in the Bolivian highlands, which existed in the 7th through 11th centuries A.D., was at its core a civilization of peoples of distinctive ethnic and political affiliations who shared some common identities. He maintains that Tiwanaku …
Tiwanaku en Moquegua: Interacciones regionales y colapso
La síntesis de datos de excavaciones y reconocimientos sistemáticos de la cuenca del río Osmore permite una visión nueva de las relaciones entre los wari, tiwanaku y poblaciones indígenas de la región durante el Horizonte Medio y el comienzo del Periodo Intermedio Tardío. Una serie de hechos están efectivamente establecidos, los cuales tendrán que ser considerados en futuras interpretaciones. Entre otros, se nota la aparente contemporaneidad de a…
Tiwanaku en Moquegua: Las Colonias Altiplánicas
Las investigaciones en Moquegua han demostrado la presencia de dos diferentes oleadas de colonización tiwanaku provenientes del altiplano durante el Horizonte Media. Ambas colonias tiwanaku siguieron y, por último, reemplazaron a la tradición Huaracane, una sustancial ocupación indígena del Periodo Formativo en el valle medio de Moquegua. Las ubicaciones de los sitios, patrones de asentamiento, tradiciones funerarias y domésticas, y biología ósea…
Exotic Goods and Everyday Chiefs: Long-Distance Exchange and Indigenous Sociopolitical Development in the South Central Andes
Long-distance exchange of exotic preciosities, while it can occur in any sociopolitical context, may be associated with both chiefly formation and state hegemony. In the south central Andes, shared stylistic elements in early complex societies of Paracas-Nasca on the Peruvian south coast and Pukara in the altiplano suggest their contact via intermediate areas. Unfortunately, interpretations of the interaction of these great traditions tend to neg…
Artificial Cranial Deformation at the Omo M10 Site: A Tiwanaku Complex from the Moquegua Valley, Peru
Artificial cranial deformation is a recognized attribute of many archaeologically recovered Andean skeletal collections. Ethnohistoric sources document the diversity of forms used to mark both vertical and horizontal status distinctions among Late Horizon peoples. Region-specific social groups were characterized by distinctive deformation styles, as were individuals of Inka heritage. Review of early Spanish accounts and consideration of various s…
Tiwanaku Temples and State Expansion: A Tiwanaku Sunken-Court Temple in Moquegua, Peru
Until recently, an entrenched view of Tiwanaku expansion in the south-central Andes as a primarily cultic phenomenon precluded discussion of state-built ceremonial facilities outside of Tiwanaku's immediate hinterland of the Bolivian altiplano. However, recent research in the Tiwanaku periphery has found specialized ceremonial architecture that reflects the solidification of central control and the development of a provincial system. Excavation a…
Exotic Goods and Everyday Chiefs: Long-Distance Exchange and Indigenous Sociopolitical Development in the South Central Andes
Long-distance exchange of exotic preciosities, while it can occur in any sociopolitical context, may be associated with both chiefly formation and state hegemony. In the south central Andes, shared stylistic elements in early complex societies of Paracas-Nasca on the Peruvian south coast and Pukara in the altiplano suggest their contact via intermediate areas. Unfortunately, interpretations of the interaction of these great traditions tend to neg…
Artificial Cranial Deformation at the Omo M10 Site: A Tiwanaku Complex from the Moquegua Valley, Peru
Artificial cranial deformation is a recognized attribute of many archaeologically recovered Andean skeletal collections. Ethnohistoric sources document the diversity of forms used to mark both vertical and horizontal status distinctions among Late Horizon peoples. Region-specific social groups were characterized by distinctive deformation styles, as were individuals of Inka heritage. Review of early Spanish accounts and consideration of various s…
Tiwanaku en Moquegua: Interacciones regionales y colapso
La síntesis de datos de excavaciones y reconocimientos sistemáticos de la cuenca del río Osmore permite una visión nueva de las relaciones entre los wari, tiwanaku y poblaciones indígenas de la región durante el Horizonte Medio y el comienzo del Periodo Intermedio Tardío. Una serie de hechos están efectivamente establecidos, los cuales tendrán que ser considerados en futuras interpretaciones. Entre otros, se nota la aparente contemporaneidad de a…
Paleomobility in the Tiwanaku Diaspora: Biogeochemical analyses at R io M uerto, M oquegua, P eru
Paleomobility has been a key element in the study of the expansion of ancient states and empires, including the Tiwanaku polity of the South Central Andes (AD 500–1000). We present radiogenic strontium and oxygen isotope data from human burials from three cemeteries in the Tiwanaku‐affiliated Middle Horizon archaeological site complex of Rio Muerto in the Moquegua Valley of southern Peru. At Rio Muerto, archaeological human enamel and bone values…
Tiwanaku en Moquegua: Las Colonias Altiplánicas
Las investigaciones en Moquegua han demostrado la presencia de dos diferentes oleadas de colonización tiwanaku provenientes del altiplano durante el Horizonte Media. Ambas colonias tiwanaku siguieron y, por último, reemplazaron a la tradición Huaracane, una sustancial ocupación indígena del Periodo Formativo en el valle medio de Moquegua. Las ubicaciones de los sitios, patrones de asentamiento, tradiciones funerarias y domésticas, y biología ósea…
Diet and gender in the T iwanaku colonies: Stable isotope analysis of human bone collagen and apatite from M oquegua, P eru
OBJECTIVES: Gender and other facets of social identity play important roles in the organization of complex societies. This study reconstructs dietary practices within the Middle Horizon (AD 500-1000) Tiwanaku colonies in southern Peru to increase our knowledge of gendered patterns of consumption within this early expansive state. METHODS: We use stable isotope analysis of 43 human bone samples representing 14 females, 20 males, 8 juveniles, and 1…
Andean Diaspora: The Tiwanaku Colonies and the Origins of South American Empire
This book takes a new and provocative approach to ancient state expansion, looking at the role and dynamics of colonization in pre-Columbian Andean states. Paul Goldstein argues that the influential Tiwanaku culture in the Bolivian highlands, which existed in the 7th through 11th centuries A.D., was at its core a civilization of peoples of distinctive ethnic and political affiliations who shared some common identities. He maintains that Tiwanaku …
Evidence of osteoarthritis in the Tiwanaku Colony, Moquegua, Peru (AD500-1100)
The Tiwanaku (AD500-1100) colonized ecologically diverse, lower elevation areas to produce goods not easily grown in the high altitude heartland (3,800 m a.s.l.). One colony near present-day Moquegua, Peru (900-1,500 m a.s.l.) was composed of multiple Tiwanaku settlements. Colonists farmed products like maize and coca and transported goods via llama caravan between the colony and heartland. Two subsistence groups emerged in terms of settlement, t…
Plazas and Processional Paths in Tiwanaku Temples: Divergence, Convergence, and Encounter at Omo M10, Moquegua, Peru
Reconstructing access patterns, in particular processional and liturgical movement in ceremonial architecture, can illuminate social processes within expansive states. Extensive excavations from 2010-2012 in the uniquely preserved Tiwanaku temple at the Omo M10 site in Moquegua, Peru (ca. AD 500-1100), shed new light on connectedness and access patterns of the temple. Extensive areal excavations confirm past interpretations of a central axial ser…
Floodplain Development, El Niño, and Cultural Consequences in a Hyperarid Andean Environment
Using field-mapping, remote-sensing (ASTER, aerial photography), and GIS/GPS, we identified and analyzed reach-scale geomorphic responses to contemporary floods along a 20-km valley length in hyperarid southern Peru. We combined these data with alluvial stratigraphy of remnant terrace patches recording late Holocene aggradation and incision. In this manner we ascertained how climate change, especially the occurrence of the El Niño–Southern Oscill…
No Country for Old People: A Paleodemographic Analysis of Migration Dynamics in Early Andean States
In this paper, we present a paleodemographic interpretation of a complete mortuary population from the site of Rio Muerto (southern Peru) affiliated with the early Andean Tiwanaku state (A.D.500-1000). Although advances in biogeochemical paleomobility studies have revolutionized bioarchaeological approaches to certain aspects of migration, paleodemography continues to offer a valuable complementary perspective on migration and population dynamics…
Dating the ebb and flow of Tiwanaku and post-collapse material culture across the Andes
Homeland Food Traditions in the Tiwanaku Colonies: Quinoa and Amaranthaceae Cultivation in the Middle Horizon (AD 600-1100) Locumba Valley, Peru
The Tiwanaku civilization (around AD 500-1100) originated in the Bolivian altiplano of the south-central Andes and established agrarian colonies (AD 600-1100) in the Peruvian coastal valleys. Current dietary investigations at Tiwanaku colonial sites focus on maize, a coastal valley cultivar with ritual and political significance. Here, we examine Tiwanaku provincial foodways and ask to what degree the Tiwanaku settlers maintained their culinary a…
A case study of multiple individuals with a supernumerary vertebra and sacralization in the prehistoric Rio Muerto Tiwanaku cemetery (AD 700-900), Moquegua, Peru
This paper presents a rare cluster of 16 Tiwanaku colonists (AD 700-1000) buried in the Rio Muerto cemeteries M70B and M43A (Moquegua Valley, Peru) who have a supernumerary sixth lumbar (L6) vertebra in their complete spine. While some nonhuman primates have an extra lumbar vertebra for quadrupedal flexibility, an additional lumbar vertebra in humans is considered a rare trait and associated with a Hox gene mutation. More than half of adolescent …
P-XRF compositional analysis of obsidian from the Middle Moquegua Valley, Peru: Interaction on the Tiwanaku and Wari frontier
The Charaña Obsidian Source and its Role in the Prehispanic Exchange Networks of the Titicaca Basin
Although the Chivay Source in the Colca Valley of Arequipa was the dominant provider of obsidian for the Lake Titicaca Basin throughout prehistory, other sources were also exploited. One minor deposit was recognized from a distinctive composition of obsidian artifacts previously known as the Tumuku or Khonko Type, but its geological location had not been identified and confirmed. This article identifies a deposit 28 km east of the village of Char…
Tiwanaku Sealings and Signet Rings: Authority Transmission in the Ancient Andes
Sealings recovered from the Omo M10 temple, a provincial center of the Andean Tiwanaku state (AD 500-1100), and from the Muru Ut Pata neighborhood of the Tiwanaku capital, as well as a signet ring from the Akapana East complex of Tiwanaku's highland capital, shed light on the hitherto undocumented use of seals and sealings in Central Andean complex society. The identification of Tiwanaku sealings related to the signet ring seal has implications f…
Information Systems and the Role of Law: Some Prospects
What Is Really Necessary
Goldstein on Copyright Law: A Realist's Approach to a Technological Age
The treatise writer's dilemma is that while reliability requires faithful interpretation of the law as it stands, he or she must also remain sufficiently detached and forward-looking to assist decisionmakers in shaping the law as it ought to be. The better treatise writers resolve this tension by devising jurisprudential and methodological approaches that broaden the horizons of experienced practitioners in the field. Paul Goldstein's Copyright: …
Tiwanaku Temples and State Expansion: A Tiwanaku Sunken-Court Temple in Moquegua, Peru
Until recently, an entrenched view of Tiwanaku expansion in the south-central Andes as a primarily cultic phenomenon precluded discussion of state-built ceremonial facilities outside of Tiwanaku's immediate hinterland of the Bolivian altiplano. However, recent research in the Tiwanaku periphery has found specialized ceremonial architecture that reflects the solidification of central control and the development of a provincial system. Excavation a…
Inca Architecture and Construction at Ollantaytambo. Jean-Pierre Protzen
Artificial Cranial Deformation at the Omo M10 Site: A Tiwanaku Complex from the Moquegua Valley, Peru
Artificial cranial deformation is a recognized attribute of many archaeologically recovered Andean skeletal collections. Ethnohistoric sources document the diversity of forms used to mark both vertical and horizontal status distinctions among Late Horizon peoples. Region-specific social groups were characterized by distinctive deformation styles, as were individuals of Inka heritage. Review of early Spanish accounts and consideration of various s…
Exotic Goods and Everyday Chiefs: Long-Distance Exchange and Indigenous Sociopolitical Development in the South Central Andes
Long-distance exchange of exotic preciosities, while it can occur in any sociopolitical context, may be associated with both chiefly formation and state hegemony. In the south central Andes, shared stylistic elements in early complex societies of Paracas-Nasca on the Peruvian south coast and Pukara in the altiplano suggest their contact via intermediate areas. Unfortunately, interpretations of the interaction of these great traditions tend to neg…
Tiwanaku en Moquegua: Interacciones regionales y colapso
La síntesis de datos de excavaciones y reconocimientos sistemáticos de la cuenca del río Osmore permite una visión nueva de las relaciones entre los wari, tiwanaku y poblaciones indígenas de la región durante el Horizonte Medio y el comienzo del Periodo Intermedio Tardío. Una serie de hechos están efectivamente establecidos, los cuales tendrán que ser considerados en futuras interpretaciones. Entre otros, se nota la aparente contemporaneidad de a…
Tiwanaku en Moquegua: Las Colonias Altiplánicas
Las investigaciones en Moquegua han demostrado la presencia de dos diferentes oleadas de colonización tiwanaku provenientes del altiplano durante el Horizonte Media. Ambas colonias tiwanaku siguieron y, por último, reemplazaron a la tradición Huaracane, una sustancial ocupación indígena del Periodo Formativo en el valle medio de Moquegua. Las ubicaciones de los sitios, patrones de asentamiento, tradiciones funerarias y domésticas, y biología ósea…
Andean Diaspora: The Tiwanaku Colonies and the Origins of South American Empire
Andean Diaspora: The Tiwanaku Colonies and the Origins of South American Empire
This book takes a new and provocative approach to ancient state expansion, looking at the role and dynamics of colonization in pre-Columbian Andean states. Paul Goldstein argues that the influential Tiwanaku culture in the Bolivian highlands, which existed in the 7th through 11th centuries A.D., was at its core a civilization of peoples of distinctive ethnic and political affiliations who shared some common identities. He maintains that Tiwanaku …
Floodplain Development, El Niño, and Cultural Consequences in a Hyperarid Andean Environment
Using field-mapping, remote-sensing (ASTER, aerial photography), and GIS/GPS, we identified and analyzed reach-scale geomorphic responses to contemporary floods along a 20-km valley length in hyperarid southern Peru. We combined these data with alluvial stratigraphy of remnant terrace patches recording late Holocene aggradation and incision. In this manner we ascertained how climate change, especially the occurrence of the El Niño–Southern Oscill…
Heterarchy and hierarchy: The community plan as institution in Cahokia's polity
Tiwanaku and Wari State Expansion: Demographic and Outpost Colonization Compared
More than the sum of its parts: Dress and social identity in a provincial Tiwanaku child burial
Paleomobility in the Tiwanaku Diaspora: Biogeochemical analyses at R io M uerto, M oquegua, P eru
Paleomobility has been a key element in the study of the expansion of ancient states and empires, including the Tiwanaku polity of the South Central Andes (AD 500–1000). We present radiogenic strontium and oxygen isotope data from human burials from three cemeteries in the Tiwanaku‐affiliated Middle Horizon archaeological site complex of Rio Muerto in the Moquegua Valley of southern Peru. At Rio Muerto, archaeological human enamel and bone values…
Multiethnicity, pluralism, and migration in the south central Andes: An alternate path to state expansion
The south central Andes is known as a region of enduring multiethnic diversity, yet it is also the cradle of one the South America’s first successful expansive-state societies. Social structures that encouraged the maintenance of separate identities among coexistent ethnic groups may explain this apparent contradiction. Although the early expansion of the Tiwanaku state (A.D. 600–1000) is often interpreted according to a centralized model derived…
Diet and gender in the T iwanaku colonies: Stable isotope analysis of human bone collagen and apatite from M oquegua, P eru
OBJECTIVES: Gender and other facets of social identity play important roles in the organization of complex societies. This study reconstructs dietary practices within the Middle Horizon (AD 500-1000) Tiwanaku colonies in southern Peru to increase our knowledge of gendered patterns of consumption within this early expansive state. METHODS: We use stable isotope analysis of 43 human bone samples representing 14 females, 20 males, 8 juveniles, and 1…
No Country for Old People: A Paleodemographic Analysis of Migration Dynamics in Early Andean States
In this paper, we present a paleodemographic interpretation of a complete mortuary population from the site of Rio Muerto (southern Peru) affiliated with the early Andean Tiwanaku state (A.D.500-1000). Although advances in biogeochemical paleomobility studies have revolutionized bioarchaeological approaches to certain aspects of migration, paleodemography continues to offer a valuable complementary perspective on migration and population dynamics…
From whorl to cloth: An analysis of textile production in the Tiwanaku provinces
Evidence of osteoarthritis in the Tiwanaku Colony, Moquegua, Peru (AD500-1100)
The Tiwanaku (AD500-1100) colonized ecologically diverse, lower elevation areas to produce goods not easily grown in the high altitude heartland (3,800 m a.s.l.). One colony near present-day Moquegua, Peru (900-1,500 m a.s.l.) was composed of multiple Tiwanaku settlements. Colonists farmed products like maize and coca and transported goods via llama caravan between the colony and heartland. Two subsistence groups emerged in terms of settlement, t…
Plazas and Processional Paths in Tiwanaku Temples: Divergence, Convergence, and Encounter at Omo M10, Moquegua, Peru
Reconstructing access patterns, in particular processional and liturgical movement in ceremonial architecture, can illuminate social processes within expansive states. Extensive excavations from 2010-2012 in the uniquely preserved Tiwanaku temple at the Omo M10 site in Moquegua, Peru (ca. AD 500-1100), shed new light on connectedness and access patterns of the temple. Extensive areal excavations confirm past interpretations of a central axial ser…
Contextual, Taphonomic, and Paleoecological Insights from Anurans on Tiwanaku Sites in Southern Peru
We examine the processes that resulted in the deposition of bones of at least three anuran genera on four archaeological sites associated with the Tiwanaku culture occupied between 700–1100 CE in the Moquegua Valley of far southern Peru. We review archaeological data and ethnographic accounts of Andean peoples using frogs and toads for food and in rain-quest rituals. Anuran bones are common in prehispanic cemeteries, but far less common in habita…
P-XRF compositional analysis of obsidian from the Middle Moquegua Valley, Peru: Interaction on the Tiwanaku and Wari frontier
The Charaña Obsidian Source and its Role in the Prehispanic Exchange Networks of the Titicaca Basin
Although the Chivay Source in the Colca Valley of Arequipa was the dominant provider of obsidian for the Lake Titicaca Basin throughout prehistory, other sources were also exploited. One minor deposit was recognized from a distinctive composition of obsidian artifacts previously known as the Tumuku or Khonko Type, but its geological location had not been identified and confirmed. This article identifies a deposit 28 km east of the village of Char…
Archaeology (23 works) · Geography (23 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (17 works) · Sociology (12 works) · History (8 works) · Latin American history and culture (8 works) · Political science (8 works) · History (7 works) · Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies (7 works) · Geology (6 works)