Jennifer H Peck
Biographic Data
| ID | 135479 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jennifer H Peck |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jennifer H |
| FAMILY NAME | Peck |
| SIGNATURE | PECK J H |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Central Florida |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1771-6788 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 45 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2012 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Using Virtual Exchange to Expand Global Competency in Criminology and Criminal Justice Education
As students prepare for careers in a global workforce, developing intercultural competence in undergraduate education has become increasingly important. In response to this growing need, virtual exchange (VE) has emerged as a promising pedagogical strategy for internationalizing the curriculum. The purpose of the current study is to examine the effectiveness of a VE project implemented in an upper-division undergraduate criminology course with th…
Who Influences Whom? Examining Self-Control and Delinquent Peer Dynamics among Justice-Involved Youth
The connection between one’s level of self-control and association with delinquent peers has been the subject of ongoing scholarly debate, yet it is unclear if these two constructs operate independently or mutually influence each other over time. Using data from the Pathways to Desistance study, this study longitudinally examined the potential reciprocal relationship between self-control and delinquent peer association. Data from 1,354 adolescent…
Youth risk/needs profiles and initial juvenile court outcomes across arrest location: Does being arrested at school matter
The Role of Professional Development in Shaping Teachers’ Youth Mental Health First Aid Experiences: Does Prior Mental Health Training Matter
Youth Mental Health First Aid (YMHFA) is a widely adopted professional development tool that helps educators across the United States improve their mental health literacy. Data from a pretest/posttest evaluation of the YMHFA training delivered at five schools are used to explore whether various YMHFA outcomes differ for teachers who have and have not received previous mental health training. Specifically, the current study compares scores on conf…
The War on Drugs in Juvenile Court? The Influence of Community Context on Juvenile Court Outcomes for White, Black, and Hispanic Youth
Prior research on race/ethnicity and juvenile court processing have found that youth of color often receive disadvantaged outcomes compared to their White counterparts, and that community context may condition this relationship. The current study examined this association between race/ethnicity (White, Black, Hispanic) and type of drug offense (possession vs. distribution) with adjudication and disposition outcomes, especially the tempering effec…
Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Offense Severity: An Examination of the Liberation Hypothesis for Juvenile Case Outcomes at Final Disposition
Prior research on juvenile court processing indicates that legal and extralegal factors impact outcomes at judicial disposition. Less is known, however, if the combined effects of certain characteristics influence decision-making. Applying the liberation hypothesis, this study investigates the interactive effects of a juvenile’s age, race/ethnicity, and offense severity on dispositional outcomes. Using all adjudicated complaints from North Caroli…
Social Learning Theory and Racial Extremist Ideologies: Differing Learning Processes for Youth/Young Adults Compared to Older Adults
While hate-motivated extremist groups are known to contribute to violence in the United States, less is known about the socialization into racial extremist ideologies and how this varies across age groups. Using data from the Profile of Individuals Radicalized in the United States (PIRUS), this study examines whether principles from social learning theory (e.g., differential association, definitions) apply to racial extremist ideologies, and if t…
An Examination of Differential Item Functioning in a Measure of Self-Reported Offending Across Race and Ethnicity Among a Sample of Justice-Involved Youth
Self-report measures of offending are widely used in criminological research and have been employed to examine potential differences across groups in offending. An assumption of these comparisons is that the items that comprise these measures function similarly across relevant groups. We evaluated differential item functioning (DIF) of a measure of self-reported offending across White, Black, and Hispanic youth involved in the justice system (n =…
Predictive Bias in Juvenile Risk Assessment: Considering Race/Ethnicity and Sex
This study examines the joint effects of race/ethnicity and sex on the classification quality of the Positive Achievement Change Tool (PACT). We assess predictive parity, calibration, and error rate balance using a statewide sample of youth who completed probation from 2007 to 2014. Similar rates of predictive parity were observed across groups. Calibration was observed consistently across groups, but only when low risk youth were used as the ref…
We are All Green: Do Military Experiences and Involvement in the Criminal Justice System Vary Across Race and Ethnicity Among Incarcerated Veterans
Although participation in the military impacts the lives of all who serve, little research has examined how specific military experiences and criminal justice outcomes vary for veterans of color compared to Whites. The present study examines the relationship between service elements and criminal justice involvement for incarcerated veterans of different racial/ethnic backgrounds. We examine how multiple service experiences (e.g. age of entry, len…
Covid-19 and Juvenile Probation: A Qualitative Examination of Emergent Challenges and Useful Strategies
The emergence of COVID-19 placed immediate pressure on the juvenile justice system to adapt to changes in case processing and decision-making practices. Juvenile probation agencies were tasked with quickly altering their policies and practice to abide by local public health measures. As probation supervision is the most common disposition in the juvenile justice system, there is both an empirical and practical need to understand the impact that C…
Examining the measurement precision of behavior problems among a sample of primarily rural youth on juvenile probation and their parents
Understanding Adverse Childhood Experiences and Juvenile Court Outcomes: The Moderating Role of Race and Ethnicity
Youth involved in the juvenile justice system have enhanced traumatic exposure including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction compared to their non-involved counterparts. While prior research has conceptualized the role of trauma in predicting juvenile recidivism, the interrelated role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and race/ethnicity in informing juvenile court processing and outcomes is unaddressed. As such, we examine the moderat…
Juvenile Court Outcomes for Retail Offenders: An Examination of Offense Type, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity
Using all delinquency referrals in a Northeast state, the current study examined how youth charged with retail offenses differed from other offense types across multiple juvenile court outcomes (i.e., petition, adjudication, and disposition). The individual and joint effects of a juvenile’s sex and race/ethnicity were also investigated to determine whether these extralegal factors conditioned the relationship between offense type and juvenile sys…
Examining the Type of Legal Representation and Its Influence on Disaggregated Dispositions in Juvenile Court
While prior studies of juvenile court outcomes have examined the impact of legal representation on out-of-home placement versus community sanctions, previous research has not fully explored the variation within sanctions that youth receive. The current study examines the influence of type of legal representation (public defender or private attorney) when predicting juvenile adjudications and dispositions. Using a sample of delinquent referrals fr…
Examining the Relationships Between Jail Detention Deputies and Promotional Opportunities: Perceptions Across Racial Groups
Prior research regarding the relationship between officer race and job satisfaction in correctional environments has revealed mixed findings. Additionally, the link between perceptions of the promotional process and how such perceptions may vary by race has received little empirical attention. Therefore, the present study examined racial differences in perceptions of promotional criteria using a sample of sworn deputies in a large jail located in…
Fifty years post Gault: A meta-analysis of the impact of attorney representation on delinquency outcomes
Do Race and Ethnicity Matter? An Examination of Racial/Ethnic Differences in Perceptions of Procedural Justice and Recidivism Among Problem-Solving Court Clients
Over the years, a distinct body of research has emerged that examines procedural justice in problem-solving courts. However, there is virtually no research to date on racial and ethnic differences in perceptions of procedural justice among problem-solving court clients. The present study seeks to understand the complexities of judicial procedural justice and race/ethnicity within problem-solving courts. Using a convenience sample of 132 clients f…
Sentencing Recommendations by Probation Officers and Judges: An Examination of Adult Offenders Across Gender
Connecting the courtroom workgroup model with attributions and stereotyping based on the focal concerns perspective and gender sentencing literature, the present study investigates the extent to which probation officer recommendations influence judicial sentencing, and whether the gender of the offender further conditions this relationship. Results from logistic and ordinary least squares regression indicate that there is concordance between prob…
The Importance of Evaluation and Monitoring Within the Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) Mandate: Future Directions in Juvenile Justice Research
In 2002, the reauthorization of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 required that states participating in the Formula Grants Program must put forth a good faith effort at addressing juvenile delinquency and the presence of minority youth at all decision-making points of the juvenile justice system without the use of numerical quotas. The last decade has brought about increases in states' efforts at identifying and assessin…
The Likelihood of a "Youth Discount" in Juvenile Court Sanctions: The Influence of Offender Race, Gender, and Age
The juvenile court to varying degrees operates under the doctrine of parens patriae whereby decision makers can rely on both legal and extralegal considerations to decide a case outcome. Within this context, age is viewed as a factor in assessing the culpability of a youth that may result in what has been coined as a "youth discount." Lacking is inquiry into the extent to which age acts as a mitigating determinant of juvenile justice outcomes for…
Race: Prespectives and Crime
Minority perceptions of the police: A state-of-the-art review
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive literature review of empirical studies that have examined perceptions and attitudes of the police across various racial and ethnic groups. The specific focus aimed to highlight if minorities perceive the police differently compared to their white counterparts. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic literature search of various academic databases (Criminal Justice Abstracts, EBS…
The Effects of Family Structure and Family Processes on Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors of Male and Female Youth: A Longitudinal Examination
The present study examined potential gender differences in the effects of family structure and family processes on externalizing and internalizing behavioral outcomes among youth over time. Using data from waves one through three of the Add Health study, results indicated that the relationship between family structure and family processes on behavioral outcomes varied depending on the specific externalizing or internalizing behavior. Family struc…
General Strain Theory
General strain theory ( GST ) is considered the most recent theoretical framework to emerge from traditional strain perspectives. GST focuses strictly on negative relationships and assumes that delinquency and crime are forms of coping mechanisms that result from strain and stressful events. While GST is considered an overall micro‐level perspective, recent research has emerged which argues that GST can also be applicable at the macro‐level and a…
Examining Race and Ethnicity in the Context of General Strain Theory, Depression, and Delinquency
The current study draws on general strain theory (GST) to explore the relationship between strain, race, and delinquent behavior. White, black, and Hispanic youth were examined to assess the effect of strain on nonserious and serious delinquency. Results indicate mixed support for GST in that indicators of strain to varying degrees predicted depression and youth involvement in delinquency. However, depression did not mediate the strain–delinquenc…
The Effects of Family Structure and Family Processes on Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors of Male and Female Youth: A Longitudinal Examination
The present study examined potential gender differences in the effects of family structure and family processes on externalizing and internalizing behavioral outcomes among youth over time. Using data from waves one through three of the Add Health study, results indicated that the relationship between family structure and family processes on behavioral outcomes varied depending on the specific externalizing or internalizing behavior. Family struc…
Do Race and Ethnicity Matter? An Examination of Racial/Ethnic Differences in Perceptions of Procedural Justice and Recidivism Among Problem-Solving Court Clients
Over the years, a distinct body of research has emerged that examines procedural justice in problem-solving courts. However, there is virtually no research to date on racial and ethnic differences in perceptions of procedural justice among problem-solving court clients. The present study seeks to understand the complexities of judicial procedural justice and race/ethnicity within problem-solving courts. Using a convenience sample of 132 clients f…
The Importance of Evaluation and Monitoring Within the Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) Mandate: Future Directions in Juvenile Justice Research
In 2002, the reauthorization of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 required that states participating in the Formula Grants Program must put forth a good faith effort at addressing juvenile delinquency and the presence of minority youth at all decision-making points of the juvenile justice system without the use of numerical quotas. The last decade has brought about increases in states' efforts at identifying and assessin…
The Likelihood of a "Youth Discount" in Juvenile Court Sanctions: The Influence of Offender Race, Gender, and Age
The juvenile court to varying degrees operates under the doctrine of parens patriae whereby decision makers can rely on both legal and extralegal considerations to decide a case outcome. Within this context, age is viewed as a factor in assessing the culpability of a youth that may result in what has been coined as a "youth discount." Lacking is inquiry into the extent to which age acts as a mitigating determinant of juvenile justice outcomes for…
Juvenile Involvement in Fratricide and Sororicide: An Empirical Analysis of 32 Years of U.S. Arrest Data
Juvenile Involvement in Fratricide and Sororicide: An Empirical Analysis of 32 Years of U.S. Arrest Data
Examining Race and Ethnicity in the Context of General Strain Theory, Depression, and Delinquency
The current study draws on general strain theory (GST) to explore the relationship between strain, race, and delinquent behavior. White, black, and Hispanic youth were examined to assess the effect of strain on nonserious and serious delinquency. Results indicate mixed support for GST in that indicators of strain to varying degrees predicted depression and youth involvement in delinquency. However, depression did not mediate the strain–delinquenc…
General Strain Theory
General strain theory ( GST ) is considered the most recent theoretical framework to emerge from traditional strain perspectives. GST focuses strictly on negative relationships and assumes that delinquency and crime are forms of coping mechanisms that result from strain and stressful events. While GST is considered an overall micro‐level perspective, recent research has emerged which argues that GST can also be applicable at the macro‐level and a…
Race: Prespectives and Crime
Minority perceptions of the police: A state-of-the-art review
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive literature review of empirical studies that have examined perceptions and attitudes of the police across various racial and ethnic groups. The specific focus aimed to highlight if minorities perceive the police differently compared to their white counterparts. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic literature search of various academic databases (Criminal Justice Abstracts, EBS…
The Effects of Family Structure and Family Processes on Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors of Male and Female Youth: A Longitudinal Examination
The present study examined potential gender differences in the effects of family structure and family processes on externalizing and internalizing behavioral outcomes among youth over time. Using data from waves one through three of the Add Health study, results indicated that the relationship between family structure and family processes on behavioral outcomes varied depending on the specific externalizing or internalizing behavior. Family struc…
The Likelihood of a "Youth Discount" in Juvenile Court Sanctions: The Influence of Offender Race, Gender, and Age
The juvenile court to varying degrees operates under the doctrine of parens patriae whereby decision makers can rely on both legal and extralegal considerations to decide a case outcome. Within this context, age is viewed as a factor in assessing the culpability of a youth that may result in what has been coined as a "youth discount." Lacking is inquiry into the extent to which age acts as a mitigating determinant of juvenile justice outcomes for…
Sentencing Recommendations by Probation Officers and Judges: An Examination of Adult Offenders Across Gender
Connecting the courtroom workgroup model with attributions and stereotyping based on the focal concerns perspective and gender sentencing literature, the present study investigates the extent to which probation officer recommendations influence judicial sentencing, and whether the gender of the offender further conditions this relationship. Results from logistic and ordinary least squares regression indicate that there is concordance between prob…
The Importance of Evaluation and Monitoring Within the Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) Mandate: Future Directions in Juvenile Justice Research
In 2002, the reauthorization of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 required that states participating in the Formula Grants Program must put forth a good faith effort at addressing juvenile delinquency and the presence of minority youth at all decision-making points of the juvenile justice system without the use of numerical quotas. The last decade has brought about increases in states' efforts at identifying and assessin…
Do Race and Ethnicity Matter? An Examination of Racial/Ethnic Differences in Perceptions of Procedural Justice and Recidivism Among Problem-Solving Court Clients
Over the years, a distinct body of research has emerged that examines procedural justice in problem-solving courts. However, there is virtually no research to date on racial and ethnic differences in perceptions of procedural justice among problem-solving court clients. The present study seeks to understand the complexities of judicial procedural justice and race/ethnicity within problem-solving courts. Using a convenience sample of 132 clients f…
Fifty years post Gault: A meta-analysis of the impact of attorney representation on delinquency outcomes
Examining the Type of Legal Representation and Its Influence on Disaggregated Dispositions in Juvenile Court
While prior studies of juvenile court outcomes have examined the impact of legal representation on out-of-home placement versus community sanctions, previous research has not fully explored the variation within sanctions that youth receive. The current study examines the influence of type of legal representation (public defender or private attorney) when predicting juvenile adjudications and dispositions. Using a sample of delinquent referrals fr…
Examining the Relationships Between Jail Detention Deputies and Promotional Opportunities: Perceptions Across Racial Groups
Prior research regarding the relationship between officer race and job satisfaction in correctional environments has revealed mixed findings. Additionally, the link between perceptions of the promotional process and how such perceptions may vary by race has received little empirical attention. Therefore, the present study examined racial differences in perceptions of promotional criteria using a sample of sworn deputies in a large jail located in…
Understanding Adverse Childhood Experiences and Juvenile Court Outcomes: The Moderating Role of Race and Ethnicity
Youth involved in the juvenile justice system have enhanced traumatic exposure including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction compared to their non-involved counterparts. While prior research has conceptualized the role of trauma in predicting juvenile recidivism, the interrelated role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and race/ethnicity in informing juvenile court processing and outcomes is unaddressed. As such, we examine the moderat…
Juvenile Court Outcomes for Retail Offenders: An Examination of Offense Type, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity
Using all delinquency referrals in a Northeast state, the current study examined how youth charged with retail offenses differed from other offense types across multiple juvenile court outcomes (i.e., petition, adjudication, and disposition). The individual and joint effects of a juvenile’s sex and race/ethnicity were also investigated to determine whether these extralegal factors conditioned the relationship between offense type and juvenile sys…
Covid-19 and Juvenile Probation: A Qualitative Examination of Emergent Challenges and Useful Strategies
The emergence of COVID-19 placed immediate pressure on the juvenile justice system to adapt to changes in case processing and decision-making practices. Juvenile probation agencies were tasked with quickly altering their policies and practice to abide by local public health measures. As probation supervision is the most common disposition in the juvenile justice system, there is both an empirical and practical need to understand the impact that C…
Examining the measurement precision of behavior problems among a sample of primarily rural youth on juvenile probation and their parents
An Examination of Differential Item Functioning in a Measure of Self-Reported Offending Across Race and Ethnicity Among a Sample of Justice-Involved Youth
Self-report measures of offending are widely used in criminological research and have been employed to examine potential differences across groups in offending. An assumption of these comparisons is that the items that comprise these measures function similarly across relevant groups. We evaluated differential item functioning (DIF) of a measure of self-reported offending across White, Black, and Hispanic youth involved in the justice system (n =…
Predictive Bias in Juvenile Risk Assessment: Considering Race/Ethnicity and Sex
This study examines the joint effects of race/ethnicity and sex on the classification quality of the Positive Achievement Change Tool (PACT). We assess predictive parity, calibration, and error rate balance using a statewide sample of youth who completed probation from 2007 to 2014. Similar rates of predictive parity were observed across groups. Calibration was observed consistently across groups, but only when low risk youth were used as the ref…
We are All Green: Do Military Experiences and Involvement in the Criminal Justice System Vary Across Race and Ethnicity Among Incarcerated Veterans
Although participation in the military impacts the lives of all who serve, little research has examined how specific military experiences and criminal justice outcomes vary for veterans of color compared to Whites. The present study examines the relationship between service elements and criminal justice involvement for incarcerated veterans of different racial/ethnic backgrounds. We examine how multiple service experiences (e.g. age of entry, len…
The Role of Professional Development in Shaping Teachers’ Youth Mental Health First Aid Experiences: Does Prior Mental Health Training Matter
Youth Mental Health First Aid (YMHFA) is a widely adopted professional development tool that helps educators across the United States improve their mental health literacy. Data from a pretest/posttest evaluation of the YMHFA training delivered at five schools are used to explore whether various YMHFA outcomes differ for teachers who have and have not received previous mental health training. Specifically, the current study compares scores on conf…
The War on Drugs in Juvenile Court? The Influence of Community Context on Juvenile Court Outcomes for White, Black, and Hispanic Youth
Prior research on race/ethnicity and juvenile court processing have found that youth of color often receive disadvantaged outcomes compared to their White counterparts, and that community context may condition this relationship. The current study examined this association between race/ethnicity (White, Black, Hispanic) and type of drug offense (possession vs. distribution) with adjudication and disposition outcomes, especially the tempering effec…
Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Offense Severity: An Examination of the Liberation Hypothesis for Juvenile Case Outcomes at Final Disposition
Prior research on juvenile court processing indicates that legal and extralegal factors impact outcomes at judicial disposition. Less is known, however, if the combined effects of certain characteristics influence decision-making. Applying the liberation hypothesis, this study investigates the interactive effects of a juvenile’s age, race/ethnicity, and offense severity on dispositional outcomes. Using all adjudicated complaints from North Caroli…
Social Learning Theory and Racial Extremist Ideologies: Differing Learning Processes for Youth/Young Adults Compared to Older Adults
While hate-motivated extremist groups are known to contribute to violence in the United States, less is known about the socialization into racial extremist ideologies and how this varies across age groups. Using data from the Profile of Individuals Radicalized in the United States (PIRUS), this study examines whether principles from social learning theory (e.g., differential association, definitions) apply to racial extremist ideologies, and if t…
Using Virtual Exchange to Expand Global Competency in Criminology and Criminal Justice Education
As students prepare for careers in a global workforce, developing intercultural competence in undergraduate education has become increasingly important. In response to this growing need, virtual exchange (VE) has emerged as a promising pedagogical strategy for internationalizing the curriculum. The purpose of the current study is to examine the effectiveness of a VE project implemented in an upper-division undergraduate criminology course with th…
Psychology (23 works) · Criminology (18 works) · Political science (16 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (15 works) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (15 works) · Juvenile delinquency (14 works) · Sociology (13 works) · Law (11 works) · Ethnic group (10 works) · Juvenile (10 works)