Margaret Shih
Biographic Data
| ID | 136237 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Margaret Shih |
| GIVEN NAMES | Margaret |
| FAMILY NAME | Shih |
| SIGNATURE | SHIH M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, Los Angeles |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9197-9386 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 53 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 477 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 53 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1999 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Partisan differences in perceived levels of democracy across presidential administrations
Democracy in the United States is in decline. The current work examines to what degree U.S. Americans perceive this decline in the U.S., and how partisanship may shape those perceptions over time. Using cross-sectional archival data spanning three U.S. presidential administrations (Study 1), we find that perceived levels of democracy by U.S. Americans on both sides of the political spectrum were not attuned to objective democracy indices but inst…
How Organizational Responses to Sexual Harassment Claims Shape Public Perception
Sexual harassment remains pervasive in the workplace. Complementing past research examining the intra-organizational effects of sexual harassment, this paper investigates its extra-organizational consequences by considering reputational damage organizations can suffer from sexual harassment claims. Four experiments (NTotal = 1,534) show that even a single sexual harassment claim can damage public perception of gender equality of an organization, …
Power and the confrontation of sexism
The confrontation of prejudicial acts and comments promotes multiple benefits, most notably the prevention of future prejudicial remarks and the reduction of stereotype use. Research, however, consistently shows low rates of confronting prejudice, particularly regarding sexism. Here, we examine whether personal sense of power, known to increase action and activate the behavioral approach system, increases the likelihood of confronting a sexist re…
Rethinking value in land and negotiating the city's social future
In a context of global competition for capital, austerity politics, municipal entrepreneurialism and financialization, land is increasingly seen as a source of money for fiscal revenue. Mechanisms of land value capture, as a consequence, have accelerated forces of land monetization and commodification in recent years. This special issue is a collective attempt to rethink the concept, practice and politics of value in land development. Seven autho…
A politically less contested and financially more calculable urban future
This article examines and makes explicit the co-constitutive relationship between density techniques, their depoliticization effects, and heightened land commodification in Taiwan's acceleration to a real estate-oriented economy. TDR (transfer of development rights) and density bonusing are two almost omnipresent practices in urban land development in Taiwan. We ask how their technocratic approach-using predetermined formulas to bracket density u…
Social governance for value creation
Focusing on Taiwan's state-led, compulsory land assembly scheme (called Zonal Expropriation), we examine how the increasingly entrepreneurial state has deployed it to create land value while socially governing challenges to speculative urbanism. We argue that any development schemes that claim a priori creation of value must in fact socially construct that value in practice. Building on a case study called Central North, we show that zonal exprop…
Land Fictions
The Breadth of Confrontations as a Prejudice Reduction Strategy
Past research on prejudice confrontations as a prejudice reduction tool has only examined bias that was implicated in the confrontation, such as the use of negative Black stereotypes after being confronted for using negative Black stereotypes. Examining the breadth of prejudice confrontations, we hypothesize that confronted individuals should subsequently use fewer negative and positive stereotypes about other racial minority groups, and fewer st…
The harms of racial miscategorization
Racial miscategorization is a prominent and aversive experience among multiracial individuals, but multiracial environments can serve as a psychological buffer. Racial miscategorization has important theoretical and practical implications for racial and ethnic identity research, which we discuss. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
Researchers as inquirers
In this contribution, I put into practice what Bob Lake argues for: science as a conversational style. Grounded in Deweyan pragmatism and creative democracy, Lake’s critical urban scholarship on social justice, democratic planning, and inclusive participation is deeply relational and anti-foundational. Lake rejects the foundational belief that conforming to a normative framework of justice is the foundation for producing just planning outcomes. I…
Negotiating Density and Financing Public Goods in Vancouver and New Taipei City
This article examines two density-based value-capture mechanisms – community amenity contributions (CAC) in Vancouver, Canada, and transfer of development rights (TDR) in New Taipei City, Taiwan – that planners use to finance public goods. To understand the differences in the design of the mechanisms, negotiating dynamics, actors involved, and types of public goods financed, we propose three perspectives on development rights: absolute ownership,…
The Divided States of America
When Barack Obama became the first Black American to be elected president of the United States, many claimed that a “postracial” society had been achieved. Analogously, we predicted that the election of a first woman president—that is, a Hillary Clinton victory—would increase perceptions of gender equality in the United States. In contrast, we predicted that a Donald Trump victory would decrease perceived gender equality. Pre- and postelection da…
An introduction to planning China's communities
This introductory essay to the special issue on community development and planning in contemporary China outlines the contours of a 'community turn' in the nation's urban planning and policy. We trace the historical roots and contemporary debates of community development and planning in China with reference to three problematics that run through the articles in this special issue – community, people and place. We explore how community is defined,…
Land and people
Since 2014, China has formalised rural-to-urban hukou transfer as part of its people-centred approach to urbanisation. This article aims to examine how 'urbanisation of people', a hukou-based reform of rural populations, intersects with 'urbanisation of land', a crucial arena of capital and power accumulation for the state. Building on ethnographic fieldwork research in Fang village, Guangzhou, this article argues that strategies of social govern…
Where does floating TDR land? An analysis of location attributes in real estate development in Taiwan
Multiple racial identities as sources of psychological resilience
Much of the research on multiracial individuals has focused on the impact of a multiracial background on psychological well‐being. This work, often using clinical samples, identified a higher prevalence of negative psychological outcomes among multiracial individuals, such as low self‐esteem, poor grades, or self‐hatred, and has emphasized that these negative outcomes stem from the unique challenges associated with navigating multiple racial iden…
Contextual and Cultural Factors Influencing Malleable Racial Identity
Recent research indicates that people from multiracial backgrounds may have more malleable racial identification than those with monoracial backgrounds. For multiracial individuals, context may play an important role in racial self-identification. An Asian/White biracial person, for example, might identify more as Asian when around other Asian people or when speaking an Asian language. Also, over one’s lifetime, multiracial people are more likely…
But that was meant to be a compliment!”
Past research on confronting racial prejudice has largely examined negative racial stereotypes. In the present work, we investigate perceiver and target perspectives associated with the evaluative costs of confronting positive racial stereotypes. We demonstrate that, in general, Asian Americans and African Americans who confront positive racial stereotypes suffer higher evaluative costs compared to targets who confront negative racial stereotypes…
Cities for profit
In this ambitious volume, Gavin Shatkin provides three political economic accounts of urban land development in three rapidly urbanizing Asian cities: Jakarta in Indonesia, Kolkata in India, and Ch
Commodification of Development Rights and What It Does to the Urban Housing Market in Taiwan
The enactment of the transfer of development rights (TDR) policy in Taiwan since the late 1990s is part of a broader trend of commodification and deregulation of development rights. This study examines the spillover effect of TDR on the sale prices of existing housing stock that constitutes the main housing market for the majority of urban residents. Three hedonic models, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, quantile regression, and spatial l…
Rethinking displacement in peri-urban transformation in China
This article examines the spatiality of peri-urban villages in Guangzhou, offering an analysis that critically rethinks displacement as a phenomenon that need not be bracketed by the narrow spatial understanding of "physical uprootedness." Building on ethnographic fieldwork research in Yonghe village, this article identifies and examines three mechanisms and forms of marginalization and dispossession that Chinese villagers have experienced during…
Transfer of development rights and public facility planning in Taiwan
Since the early 2000s, transfer of development rights has served as a compensatory regime to address the ‘reserved land’ issue in Taiwan, a planning challenge that has seen private owners remain uncompensated for land flagged by the government for public facilities. This article investigates two aspects of the implementation of transfer of development rights in Taiwan. First, it examines the local adaptation process by which the use of transfer o…
Potential Gains in Life Expectancy from Reductions in Leading Causes of Death, Los Angeles County
Exploring the Identity Autonomy Perspective (IAP)
Multiracial Americans, people who belong to more than one racial group in the United States, also belong to more than one culture, yet multiracial and multicultural research and theory has not been adequately integrated. The present chapter will provide an overview of the multiracial and multicultural research on self and identity that addresses the points of overlap, distinction, and places for synthesis and integration that could advance both a…
Predicting performance outcomes from the manner of stereotype activation and stereotype content
Positive Stigma
The traditional literature on stigma focuses on identifying factors contributing to the harmful impact of stigmas on the lives of stigmatized individuals. This focus, however, cannot explain the many cases of individuals possessing a stigmatized identity flourishing in our society. This article investigates the processes that successful stigmatized individuals use to overcome the harmful consequences of stigmatization. Specifically, this article …
When Race Becomes Even More Complex
The explosion in the number of people coming from a multiracial heritage has generated an increased need for understanding the experiences and consequences associated with coming from a multiracial background. In addition, the emergence of a multiracial identity challenges current thinking about race, forcing scholars to generate new ideas about intergroup relations, racial stigmatization, social identity, social perception, discrimination, and t…
Perspectives and Research on the Positive and Negative Implications of Having Multiple Racial Identities
Much attention has been directed toward understanding the impact having a multiracial background has on psychological well-being and adjustment. Past psychological research has focused on the challenges multiracial individuals confront in defining a racial identity. The implication is that these challenges lead to outcomes that are psychologically detrimental. However, evidence to support this assertion is mixed. The authors review qualitative an…
Perspective Taking
Previous research has found that perspective taking improves attitudes towards outgroups. We find that taking the perspective of an outgroup member not only improves attitudes towards outgroups, but also reduces prejudice and discriminatory behavior against other specific individual members of that outgroup. Experiment 1 demonstrates that perspective-taking improves liking towards another member of the outgroup, while experiment 2 finds that the …
Social Dominance Orientation and the Legitimization of Inequality Across Cultures
The authors tested three hypotheses from social dominance theory in four cultures: (a) that individual differences in social dominance orientation (SDO), or the preference for group-based inequality, can be reliably measured in societies that are group-based hegemonies; (b) that SDO correlates positively with attitudes supporting hegemonic groups and correlates negatively with attitudes supporting oppressed groups; and (c) that men are higher on …
Juggling multiple racial identities
The authors examined the link between malleable racial identification and psychological well-being among self-identified multiracial adults. Malleable racial identification refers to the tendency to identify with different racial identities across different social contexts. Results across three studies suggested that malleable racial identification was associated with lower psychological well-being. Study 2 found that unstable regard (i.e., fluct…
The social construction of race
Multiracial individuals are more likely to have a heightened awareness of race as a social construct than monoracial individuals. This article examines the impact that a heightened awareness of race as a social construct has on the relationship between racial stereotypes and performance. Study 1 finds that multiracial individuals reported subscribing less to the notion that race biologically determines ability. Study 2 finds that monoracial indiv…
Exploring Multiracial Individuals’ Comfort with Intimate Interracial Relationships
This article explores the relationship between a heightened awareness of race as a social construct and comfort in interracial relationships across varying levels of intimacy among multiracial and monoracial individuals. Study 1 finds that multiracial individuals express higher levels of comfort in intimate interracial relationships than monoracial White and minority individuals. Study 2 finds that belief in race as a social construction mediates…
Stereotype performance boosts
The activation of positive stereotypes has been shown to produce academic performance boosts. Evidence regarding the role of self-relevance in producing such effects has been mixed. The authors propose that the subtlety of stereotype activation plays a key role in creating performance boosts among targets and nontargets of stereotypes. Study 1 found that subtle stereotype activation boosted performance in targets, but blatant activation did not. …
The Evolving Law of Disputed Relocation
The forceful pursuit of inner-city renewal in Shanghai since the early 1990s has to a great extent achieved spatial modernization, but at the same time it has given rise to increasing conflicts over residential relocation. Using law as a prism through which to examine the dialectic relationship between renewal practices and disputed relocation, this article argues that the series of unprecedented enactments in law that have taken place during thi…
Rethinking displacement in peri-urban transformation in China
This article examines the spatiality of peri-urban villages in Guangzhou, offering an analysis that critically rethinks displacement as a phenomenon that need not be bracketed by the narrow spatial understanding of "physical uprootedness." Building on ethnographic fieldwork research in Yonghe village, this article identifies and examines three mechanisms and forms of marginalization and dispossession that Chinese villagers have experienced during…
Multiple racial identities as sources of psychological resilience
Much of the research on multiracial individuals has focused on the impact of a multiracial background on psychological well‐being. This work, often using clinical samples, identified a higher prevalence of negative psychological outcomes among multiracial individuals, such as low self‐esteem, poor grades, or self‐hatred, and has emphasized that these negative outcomes stem from the unique challenges associated with navigating multiple racial iden…
Transfer of development rights and public facility planning in Taiwan
Since the early 2000s, transfer of development rights has served as a compensatory regime to address the ‘reserved land’ issue in Taiwan, a planning challenge that has seen private owners remain uncompensated for land flagged by the government for public facilities. This article investigates two aspects of the implementation of transfer of development rights in Taiwan. First, it examines the local adaptation process by which the use of transfer o…
Legal Geographies—Governing Through Law
This article examines recent legislation on the mandatory practice of government adjudication and its impacts on community residents' legal challenges to chaiqian (demolition and relocation) in Shanghai. In recent years, rights-based grievances over community displacement have become a major source of social conflict in urban China. The new legislation represents the Chinese state's efforts to establish a law-based model through which to govern a…
Targets as perceivers
Research on stereotype threat has demonstrated that when targets are forced to contend with the threat of being negatively stereotyped, their academic performance suffers (C. M. Steele & J. Aronson, 1995). The present research explored how the targets of negative stereotypes determine when they must contend with this threat. Across 5 experiments, the authors manipulated both the possibility and probability that Black and female students would be …
Identity Adaptiveness
Most empirical work that examines the effects of stereotypes on targets considers only one of a target's many social identities. This study examined how individuals implicitly affectively orient themselves toward their social identities in situations in which one or another of these identities is relatively adaptive. An adaptive identity is one associated with stereotypes that predict desirable performance in a given context. One hundred and twen…
Don't ask, don't tell? Does disclosure of gay identity affect partner performance
Gender Differences in Persistence and Attributions in Stereotype Relevant Contexts
Knowledge Nomads
The authors propose a new Positive Organizational Scholarship (POS) perspective on the relationship between organizational commitment and worker mobility. Theories have long presumed that worker mobility and worker commitment are inversely related. Increased mobility, in dominant models of organizational commitment, comes at the expense of commitment to organization and, therefore, at the expense of the positive outcomes of commitment. We examine…
Social governance for value creation
Focusing on Taiwan's state-led, compulsory land assembly scheme (called Zonal Expropriation), we examine how the increasingly entrepreneurial state has deployed it to create land value while socially governing challenges to speculative urbanism. We argue that any development schemes that claim a priori creation of value must in fact socially construct that value in practice. Building on a case study called Central North, we show that zonal exprop…
Where does floating TDR land? An analysis of location attributes in real estate development in Taiwan
The relationship between masculinity and sexual prejudice in factors associated with violence against gay men
Rethinking value in land and negotiating the city's social future
In a context of global competition for capital, austerity politics, municipal entrepreneurialism and financialization, land is increasingly seen as a source of money for fiscal revenue. Mechanisms of land value capture, as a consequence, have accelerated forces of land monetization and commodification in recent years. This special issue is a collective attempt to rethink the concept, practice and politics of value in land development. Seven autho…
A politically less contested and financially more calculable urban future
This article examines and makes explicit the co-constitutive relationship between density techniques, their depoliticization effects, and heightened land commodification in Taiwan's acceleration to a real estate-oriented economy. TDR (transfer of development rights) and density bonusing are two almost omnipresent practices in urban land development in Taiwan. We ask how their technocratic approach-using predetermined formulas to bracket density u…
The harms of racial miscategorization
Racial miscategorization is a prominent and aversive experience among multiracial individuals, but multiracial environments can serve as a psychological buffer. Racial miscategorization has important theoretical and practical implications for racial and ethnic identity research, which we discuss. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
Stereotype Susceptibility
Recent studies have documented that performance in a domain is hindered when individuals feel that a sociocultural group to which they belong is negatively stereotyped in that domain. We report that implicit activation of a social identity can facilitate as well as impede performance on a quantitative task. When a particular social identity was made salient at an implicit level, performance was altered in the direction predicted by the stereotype…
Identity Adaptiveness
Most empirical work that examines the effects of stereotypes on targets considers only one of a target's many social identities. This study examined how individuals implicitly affectively orient themselves toward their social identities in situations in which one or another of these identities is relatively adaptive. An adaptive identity is one associated with stereotypes that predict desirable performance in a given context. One hundred and twen…
Will a Category Cue Affect You? Category Cues, Positive Stereotypes and Reviewer Recall for Applicants
Social Dominance Orientation and the Legitimization of Inequality Across Cultures
The authors tested three hypotheses from social dominance theory in four cultures: (a) that individual differences in social dominance orientation (SDO), or the preference for group-based inequality, can be reliably measured in societies that are group-based hegemonies; (b) that SDO correlates positively with attitudes supporting hegemonic groups and correlates negatively with attitudes supporting oppressed groups; and (c) that men are higher on …
Stereotype Susceptibility in Children
A growing body of research indicates that the activation of negative stereotypes can impede cognitive performance in adults, whereas positive stereotypes can facilitate cognitive performance. In two studies, we examined the effects of positive and negative stereotypes on the cognitive performance of children in three age groups: lower elementary school, upper elementary school, and middle school. Very young children in the lower elementary grades…
Stereotype performance boosts
The activation of positive stereotypes has been shown to produce academic performance boosts. Evidence regarding the role of self-relevance in producing such effects has been mixed. The authors propose that the subtlety of stereotype activation plays a key role in creating performance boosts among targets and nontargets of stereotypes. Study 1 found that subtle stereotype activation boosted performance in targets, but blatant activation did not. …
Positive Stigma
The traditional literature on stigma focuses on identifying factors contributing to the harmful impact of stigmas on the lives of stigmatized individuals. This focus, however, cannot explain the many cases of individuals possessing a stigmatized identity flourishing in our society. This article investigates the processes that successful stigmatized individuals use to overcome the harmful consequences of stigmatization. Specifically, this article …
Knowledge Nomads
The authors propose a new Positive Organizational Scholarship (POS) perspective on the relationship between organizational commitment and worker mobility. Theories have long presumed that worker mobility and worker commitment are inversely related. Increased mobility, in dominant models of organizational commitment, comes at the expense of commitment to organization and, therefore, at the expense of the positive outcomes of commitment. We examine…
Domain-specific effects of stereotypes on performance
We report the results of an experiment mirroring an earlier study that found that Asian American women performed better on a math test when their Asian identity was salient and worse when their female identity was salient (Ambady, Shih, Kim, & Pittinsky, 2001 Ambady, N., Shih, M., Kim, A., and Pittinsky, T. L., 2001. Stereotype susceptibility in children: Effects of identity activation on quantitative performance, Psychological Science 12 (5) (20…
Perspectives and Research on the Positive and Negative Implications of Having Multiple Racial Identities
Much attention has been directed toward understanding the impact having a multiracial background has on psychological well-being and adjustment. Past psychological research has focused on the challenges multiracial individuals confront in defining a racial identity. The implication is that these challenges lead to outcomes that are psychologically detrimental. However, evidence to support this assertion is mixed. The authors review qualitative an…
Gender Differences in Persistence and Attributions in Stereotype Relevant Contexts
The social construction of race
Multiracial individuals are more likely to have a heightened awareness of race as a social construct than monoracial individuals. This article examines the impact that a heightened awareness of race as a social construct has on the relationship between racial stereotypes and performance. Study 1 finds that multiracial individuals reported subscribing less to the notion that race biologically determines ability. Study 2 finds that monoracial indiv…
Hispanic Paradox
Health-related quality of life among adults with serious psychological distress and chronic medical conditions
Perspective Taking
Previous research has found that perspective taking improves attitudes towards outgroups. We find that taking the perspective of an outgroup member not only improves attitudes towards outgroups, but also reduces prejudice and discriminatory behavior against other specific individual members of that outgroup. Experiment 1 demonstrates that perspective-taking improves liking towards another member of the outgroup, while experiment 2 finds that the …
Juggling multiple racial identities
The authors examined the link between malleable racial identification and psychological well-being among self-identified multiracial adults. Malleable racial identification refers to the tendency to identify with different racial identities across different social contexts. Results across three studies suggested that malleable racial identification was associated with lower psychological well-being. Study 2 found that unstable regard (i.e., fluct…
Exploring Multiracial Individuals’ Comfort with Intimate Interracial Relationships
This article explores the relationship between a heightened awareness of race as a social construct and comfort in interracial relationships across varying levels of intimacy among multiracial and monoracial individuals. Study 1 finds that multiracial individuals express higher levels of comfort in intimate interracial relationships than monoracial White and minority individuals. Study 2 finds that belief in race as a social construction mediates…
When Race Becomes Even More Complex
The explosion in the number of people coming from a multiracial heritage has generated an increased need for understanding the experiences and consequences associated with coming from a multiracial background. In addition, the emergence of a multiracial identity challenges current thinking about race, forcing scholars to generate new ideas about intergroup relations, racial stigmatization, social identity, social perception, discrimination, and t…
Targets as perceivers
Research on stereotype threat has demonstrated that when targets are forced to contend with the threat of being negatively stereotyped, their academic performance suffers (C. M. Steele & J. Aronson, 1995). The present research explored how the targets of negative stereotypes determine when they must contend with this threat. Across 5 experiments, the authors manipulated both the possibility and probability that Black and female students would be …
Legal Geographies—Governing Through Law
This article examines recent legislation on the mandatory practice of government adjudication and its impacts on community residents' legal challenges to chaiqian (demolition and relocation) in Shanghai. In recent years, rights-based grievances over community displacement have become a major source of social conflict in urban China. The new legislation represents the Chinese state's efforts to establish a law-based model through which to govern a…
The Evolving Law of Disputed Relocation
The forceful pursuit of inner-city renewal in Shanghai since the early 1990s has to a great extent achieved spatial modernization, but at the same time it has given rise to increasing conflicts over residential relocation. Using law as a prism through which to examine the dialectic relationship between renewal practices and disputed relocation, this article argues that the series of unprecedented enactments in law that have taken place during thi…
The relationship between masculinity and sexual prejudice in factors associated with violence against gay men
Small Area Estimates Reveal High Cigarette Smoking Prevalence in Low-Income Cities of Los Angeles County
Don't ask, don't tell? Does disclosure of gay identity affect partner performance
Introduction to the special issue on culture, context, and mental health
Psychology (33 works) · Social Psychology (29 works) · Sociology (23 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (21 works) · Social Psychology (20 works) · Political science (17 works) · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research (13 works) · Developmental psychology (12 works) · Law (12 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (11 works)