Filip Reyntjens
Biographic Data
| ID | 138940 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Filip Reyntjens |
| GIVEN NAMES | Filip |
| FAMILY NAME | Reyntjens |
| SIGNATURE | REYNTJENS F |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Antwerp |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3098-6678 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 57 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 397 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 55 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1986 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Subnational ethnic conflict: The case of the African Great Lakes Region
Debates over the links between ethnicity and conflict often focus on the national level and take an ahistorical approach. This approach hides cases of ethnic conflict that arise at the subnational level and leaves unanswered questions over how ethnicity became a driver of conflict. This article explores these blind spots, using three cases in the African Great Lakes region. The cases reviewed here are the bipolar situations of Hema v. Lendu in It…
Modern Rwanda: A Political History
Rwanda has been the subject of much research following the genocide against the Tutsi ethnic group in 1994. Moving beyond recent histories which examine Rwanda's past predominantly through the lens of this tragic event, Filip Reyntjens utilises a longue durée framework to provide new insights into historical developments over the last hundred and fifty years. Tracking the foundations of modern Rwanda from the mid-nineteenth century to the present…
Intent to deceive: Denying the genocide of the Tutsi, By Linda Melvern
Intent to deceive: Denying the genocide of the Tutsi, By Linda Melvern INTENT TO DECEIVE: DENYING THE GENOCIDE OF THE TUTSI, by LindaMelvern. London-New York: Verso, 2020. 264 pp. £16.99 (hardback). ISBN 978 1 78873 328 1 Filip Reyntjens Filip Reyntjens University of Antwerp [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 120, Issue 478, January 2021, Pages 144–145, ht…
Aux sources de la gouvernance dans le Rwanda post-génocide
Cet article étudie les sources d'inspiration de la gouvernance dans le Rwanda contemporain. Au-delà des continuités avec l'ancien Rwanda, d'autres expériences du FPR, du moins de ses élites, doivent être prises en compte pour comprendre les grandes caractéristiques du système politique mis en place en 1994. Nous présentons un large éventail de thèmes fondateurs de cette gouvernance et nous montrons que leurs sources d'inspiration sont très divers…
L’araignée dans la toile. Le Rwanda au cœur des conflits des Grands Lacs
Les deux guerres du Zaïre/Congo ont été menées par de nombreux acteurs : armées nationales de plusieurs pays de la région, mouvements rebelles congolais et voisins, « entrepreneurs de l’insécurité ». Des alliances mouvantes régionales en ont déterminé le déroulement et l’issue. Cet article met l’accent sur le rôle joué par le plus petit pays de la région, le Rwanda. C’est à son initiative que les conflits débutent et à chaque fois ses actions son…
Respecting and circumventing presidential term limits in sub-Saharan Africa: A comparative survey
This article offers a survey of political dynamics surrounding the issue of presidential term limits in a large sample of Sub-Saharan African countries over a long period of time. It examines empirically how political regimes have dealt with this issue by observing or circumventing limits, and it links these developments with the democratic quality in the countries at the time they occurred. Beyond legal texts, this study examines the empirical r…
Path dependence and critical junctures: Three decades of interstate conflict in the African great lakes region
As opposed to the three decades following independence, interstate wars have become frequent in the African great lakes region since 1990. This article analyses the unravelling of these wars and looks at their causes and consequences. The conceptual framework to analyse the clear but convoluted line linking these conflicts is that of path dependence and critical junctures. Each stage is defined in these terms. The article shows that path dependen…
Militarisation of governance after conflict: Beyond the rebel-to-ruler frame – the case of Rwanda
In this article, we develop and expand the rebel-to-ruler literature to go beyond ‘rebel transformations’, in order to examine the transformation and militarisation of the entire post-genocide society in Rwanda. Through a historical and socio-political analysis of the military’s influence in post-genocide Rwanda, we argue that the adoption of military norms and ethos, drawn from an idealised and reconstructed pre-colonial history rather than simp…
Violence in African Elections: Between Democracy and Big Man Politics
Multiparty elections have become the bellwether by which all democracies are judged, and the spread of these systems across Africa has been widely hailed as a sign of the continent's progress towards stability and prosperity. But such elections bring their own challenges, particularly the often intense internecine violence following disputed results
War and democracy: The legacy of conflict in East Africa
The historical literature on statebuilding in Europe has often portrayed a positive relationship between war, state making and long-term democratisation. Similarly, a number of large-n quantitative studies have concluded that war promotes democracy - even in cases of civil war. Against this, a growing area studies literature has argued that violent conflict in developing countries is unlikely to drive either statebuilding or democratisation. Howe…
Understanding Rwandan politics through thelongue durée: From the Precolonial to the Post-Genocide Era
The transition from precolonial to colonial rule at the end of the nineteenth century, the 1959–61 revolution followed by independence in 1962, and the 1994 genocide followed by the RPF’s military victory are defining moments of modern Rwandan history. Each of these periods was a major break with the previous one. However, there are also striking continuities throughout the entire history spanning the precolonial to the post-genocide eras. Contin…
Le génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda
Le génocide perpétré au Rwanda d’avril à juillet 1994 a été exceptionnel par son envergure, sa rapidité et son mode opératoire : plus d’un demi-million de Tutsi ont été exterminés en cent jours. Les victimes sont généralement tombées sous les coups d’un très grand nombre d’assassins ayant eu recours à des armes rudimentaires. Quels ont été les ressorts d’une telle tragédie ? Quelles en ont été les causes, lointaines ou plus immédiates ? Comment s…
Aid and authoritarianism in Africa: Development without democracy
“In 2013 almost half of Africa’s top aid recipients were ruled by authoritarian regimes. While the West may claim to promote democracy and human rights, in practice major bilateral and international donors, such as USAID, DFID, the World Bank and the European Commission, have seen their aid policies become ever more entangled with the survival of their authoritarian protégés. Local citizens thus find themselves at the receiving end of a compromis…
A New Look at the Evidence
This article verifies empirically whether there is a positive correlation between presidential term limits and the quality of democracy in sub-Saharan Africa. It uses two data sets. The first offers an overview of presidential term limits from 1990 to 2015. The quantitative data are corrected by a qualitative reality check, leading to a significant reduction of what can be found in constitutional texts. The second data set is based on a composite…
(Re-)imagining a reluctant post-genocide society: The Rwandan Patriotic Front's ideology and practice
The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) has developed an elaborate ideology that it articulates widely and skilfully. While some themes have been the subject of research, an overall approach is lacking. This article brings together analyses of four major themes in the RPF's ideology. Two are closely related: history is the backward-looking basis for the RPF's societal policies, while national unity and reconciliation are the present and forward-looking…
Legal Pluralism and Hybrid Governance: Bridging Two Research Lines
Legal pluralism and hybrid governance are two lines of research that address the interactions between state (official) and non-state (unofficial) norms. Both come to similar observations, yet they seem hardly aware of each other's existence. With very few exceptions, the one does not refer to the other. This article seeks to explore whether links can be established. It presents both lines of research, identifies common ground, explores what they …
Institutional Engineering, Management of Ethnicity, and Democratic Failure in Burundi
This article argues that constitutional engineering along consociational lines in Burundi - explicitly accommodating ethnicity rather than attempting to suppress it - was instrumental in reducing the political role of ethnicity, but that other endogenous and exogenous factors also played a role. After surveying developments since 1988, this article focuses on the 2005 polls. The outcome of the parliamentary elections suggests that the 'disappeara…
Rwanda: Progress or Powder Keg
While post-genocide Rwanda’s decent technocratic governance has led to strong economic recovery and good public service provision, its political governance is deeply flawed and may destroy these achievements. The ruling RPF has solidly established hegemony by eliminating the political opposition and autonomous civil society, massively violating human rights, and killing well over hundred thousand of its own citizens, abusing the legal and justice…
The struggle over truth – Rwanda and the BBC
Governments and Media often don't get along very well, particularly when the press challenges core political positions. This is certainly the case in Rwanda, where information and communication management is an important political weapon used by the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) to protect its hold on power. The RPF has developed a coherent and comprehensive narrative on the past, present, and future of the country and its citizens, and tightly p…
Regulation, taxation and violence: The state, quasi-state governance and cross-border dynamics in the Great Lakes Region
The conflicts that have plagued the Great Lakes Region during the last 20 years are domestic and regional at the same time, with considerable inputs and outputs across national borders. As elsewhere in Africa and the world, borders unite as much as they divide. State weakness in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and border porosity enable non-state armed groups, neighbouring governments' armies and private entrepreneurs of instability to freel…
Political Governance in Post-Genocide Rwanda
Filip Reyntjens's book analyzes political governance in post-genocide Rwanda and focuses on the rise of the authoritarian Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). In the aftermath of the 1994 Rwandan genocide, the RPF has employed various means - rigged elections, elimination of opposition parties and civil society, legislation outlawing dissenting opinions, and terrorism - to consolidate power and perpetuate its position as the nation's ruling party. Alth…
Constructing the truth, dealing with dissent, domesticating the world: Governance in post-genocide Rwanda
Post-genocide Rwanda has become a 'donor darling', despite being a dictatorship with a dismal human rights record and a source of regional instability. In order to understand international tolerance, this article studies the regime's practices. It analyses the ways in which it dealt with external and internal critical voices, the instruments and strategies it devised to silence them, and its information management. It looks into the way the inter…
Alison Des Forges and Rwanda: From Engaged Scholarship to Informed Activism
Alison Des Forges, a renowned scholar and human rights activist of Central Africa, died in an airplane crash in 2009. Her life is a model of the conjunction of human rights activism and scholarship; it therefore illuminates the relations between these two forms of participation in African Studies. This article commemorates her work, showing how her scholarship enriched her human rights work, and how, in turn, her scholarship was driven by her sen…
The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996–2006
This book examines a decade-long period of instability, violence and state decay in Central Africa from 1996, when the war started, to 2006, when elections formally ended the political transition in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). A unique combination of circumstances explain the unravelling of the conflicts: the collapsed Zairian/Congolese state; the continuation of the Rwandan civil war across borders; the shifting alliances in the regi…
The great African war: Congo and regional geopolitics, 1996-2006
Rwanda, ten years on: From genocide to dictatorship
Ten years after the 1994 genocide, Rwanda is experiencing not democracy and reconciliation but dictatorship and exclusion. Although the government led by the Rwanda Patriotic Front has achieved rapid institutional reconstruction and relatively good bureaucratic governance, it has also concentrated power and wealth in the hands of a very small minority, practised ethnic discrimination, eliminated every form of dissent, destroyed civil society, con…
Constructing the truth, dealing with dissent, domesticating the world: Governance in post-genocide Rwanda
Post-genocide Rwanda has become a 'donor darling', despite being a dictatorship with a dismal human rights record and a source of regional instability. In order to understand international tolerance, this article studies the regime's practices. It analyses the ways in which it dealt with external and internal critical voices, the instruments and strategies it devised to silence them, and its information management. It looks into the way the inter…
A New Look at the Evidence
This article verifies empirically whether there is a positive correlation between presidential term limits and the quality of democracy in sub-Saharan Africa. It uses two data sets. The first offers an overview of presidential term limits from 1990 to 2015. The quantitative data are corrected by a qualitative reality check, leading to a significant reduction of what can be found in constitutional texts. The second data set is based on a composite…
The Proof of the Pudding is in the Eating: The June 1993 Elections in Burundi
Land-Locked Burundi in the Great Lakes area of East-Central Africa, while very small in size (slightly under 28,000 sq. kilometres, roughly the size of Belgium), is after neighbouring Rwanda the most densely populated country in the continent, with about six million inhabitants of whom it is commonly admitted that Hutu and Tutsi constitute about 85 and 15 per cent, respectively
Post-1994 Politics in Rwanda: Problematising ‘liberation’ and ‘democratisation’
When the Rwanda Patriotic Front (rpf) seized power in July 1994, winning the civil war and ending the genocide, this was seen by many as the succession of a bloody dictatorship by a decent government. Despite the early drift into authoritarianism, concentration of power and human rights abuse, Rwanda continued to be seen as a country in transition towards democracy. However, political transitions do not automatically lead from dictatorship to dem…
Rwanda: Genocide and Beyond
This article analyses five crucially relevant factors which may help to understand the extreme violence which affected Rwanda from April to July 1994. Two factors are shared with other African countries: the inherent destabilizing potential of processes of political transition, and the control of the state as a stake for political struggle. Three other factors are specifically Rwandan: the bipolar ethnic situation, the combination of a strong sta…
Respecting and circumventing presidential term limits in sub-Saharan Africa: A comparative survey
This article offers a survey of political dynamics surrounding the issue of presidential term limits in a large sample of Sub-Saharan African countries over a long period of time. It examines empirically how political regimes have dealt with this issue by observing or circumventing limits, and it links these developments with the democratic quality in the countries at the time they occurred. Beyond legal texts, this study examines the empirical r…
Militarisation of governance after conflict: Beyond the rebel-to-ruler frame – the case of Rwanda
In this article, we develop and expand the rebel-to-ruler literature to go beyond ‘rebel transformations’, in order to examine the transformation and militarisation of the entire post-genocide society in Rwanda. Through a historical and socio-political analysis of the military’s influence in post-genocide Rwanda, we argue that the adoption of military norms and ethos, drawn from an idealised and reconstructed pre-colonial history rather than simp…
Pouvoir et droit au Rwanda. Droit public et évolution politique, 1916-1973
Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America" analyses legal and constitutional developments in all states or regions outside of Europe as well as their regional and international integration. Founded in 1968 and inspired by decolonization and the idea of a cooperative new beginning, the Journal also promotes a special interest in contributions on 'Law and development'. The journal aims to provide a forum for a variety of perspectives on th…
Violence in African Elections: Between Democracy and Big Man Politics
Multiparty elections have become the bellwether by which all democracies are judged, and the spread of these systems across Africa has been widely hailed as a sign of the continent's progress towards stability and prosperity. But such elections bring their own challenges, particularly the often intense internecine violence following disputed results
Briefing: Burundi: A Peaceful Transition After a Decade Of War
Journal Article Briefing: Burundi: A Peaceful Transition After a Decade Of War? Get access Filip Reyntjens Filip Reyntjens Filip Reyntjens is professor of African Law and Politics and Chair, Institute of Development Policy and Management, University of Antwerp. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 105, Issue 418, January 2006, Pages 117–135, https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adi092 Published…
Briefing: The Second Congo War: More Than a Remake
Journal Article BRIEFING: THE SECOND CONGO WAR: MORE THAN A REMAKE Get access FILIP REYNTJENS FILIP REYNTJENS Flip Reyntjens is Professor of Law and Politics at the Universities of Antwerp and Brussels Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 98, Issue 391, April 1999, Pages 241–250, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a008010 Published: 01 April 1999
Le gacaca ou la justice du gazon au Rwanda
The gacaca or lawn justice in rwanda. In Rwanda, neighbourhood meetings on the lawn (Gacaca) are the locally-recognized context for resolving legal disputes without legal provisions or state organization. It is a contemporary phenomenon, based on custom, which rests mainly on reconciling proximity disputes rather than reinforcing official jurisdictional authority. In this case, the possibility to choose between several courts improves access to j…
Institutional Engineering, Management of Ethnicity, and Democratic Failure in Burundi
This article argues that constitutional engineering along consociational lines in Burundi - explicitly accommodating ethnicity rather than attempting to suppress it - was instrumental in reducing the political role of ethnicity, but that other endogenous and exogenous factors also played a role. After surveying developments since 1988, this article focuses on the 2005 polls. The outcome of the parliamentary elections suggests that the 'disappeara…
The Political Economy of the Great Lakes Region in Africa: The Pitfalls of Enforced Democracy and Globalization
This book examines the international factors such as enforced democracy and globalization that have affected the Great Lakes region of Africa. The horrendous consequences in terms of violence and human suffering of the events in this area have been exhibited in the media, however news coverage after 1994 was at times unreliable. This book takes a look at life since then, adopting an independent, and on occasion controversial perspective
Understanding Rwandan politics through thelongue durée: From the Precolonial to the Post-Genocide Era
The transition from precolonial to colonial rule at the end of the nineteenth century, the 1959–61 revolution followed by independence in 1962, and the 1994 genocide followed by the RPF’s military victory are defining moments of modern Rwandan history. Each of these periods was a major break with the previous one. However, there are also striking continuities throughout the entire history spanning the precolonial to the post-genocide eras. Contin…
Rwanda: Progress or Powder Keg
While post-genocide Rwanda’s decent technocratic governance has led to strong economic recovery and good public service provision, its political governance is deeply flawed and may destroy these achievements. The ruling RPF has solidly established hegemony by eliminating the political opposition and autonomous civil society, massively violating human rights, and killing well over hundred thousand of its own citizens, abusing the legal and justice…
Legal Pluralism and Hybrid Governance: Bridging Two Research Lines
Legal pluralism and hybrid governance are two lines of research that address the interactions between state (official) and non-state (unofficial) norms. Both come to similar observations, yet they seem hardly aware of each other's existence. With very few exceptions, the one does not refer to the other. This article seeks to explore whether links can be established. It presents both lines of research, identifies common ground, explores what they …
Briefing: The Democratic Republic of Congo, from Kabila to Kabila
SCOPUS: ar.j
(Re-)imagining a reluctant post-genocide society: The Rwandan Patriotic Front's ideology and practice
The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) has developed an elaborate ideology that it articulates widely and skilfully. While some themes have been the subject of research, an overall approach is lacking. This article brings together analyses of four major themes in the RPF's ideology. Two are closely related: history is the backward-looking basis for the RPF's societal policies, while national unity and reconciliation are the present and forward-looking…
The privatisation and criminalisation of public space in the geopolitics of the Great Lakes region
The Great Lakes region has been in profound turmoil for the past 15 years. Through the game of shifting alliances, and because of geographic proximity in an area with porous borders, conflicts have tended to merge, thus giving rise to a huge zone of instability. Conflicts have been compounded by the export of war to neighbouring countries, and the extreme weakness of the Congolese state has led to the 'satellisation' of large parts of its territo…
Briefing: Democratic Republic of Congo: political transition and beyond
In April 1990, president mobutu announced the end of single party rule and the opening of Zaire to democracy. Though Mobutu remained President, the announcement heralded the end of Mobutism and the beginning of a long, failed, transition. Hundreds of new parties, the vast majority of them artifices of the elite, were created; a ‘Sovereign National Conference’ that proclaimed a new constitution and electoral timetable led to nothing; and president…
Regulation, taxation and violence: The state, quasi-state governance and cross-border dynamics in the Great Lakes Region
The conflicts that have plagued the Great Lakes Region during the last 20 years are domestic and regional at the same time, with considerable inputs and outputs across national borders. As elsewhere in Africa and the world, borders unite as much as they divide. State weakness in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and border porosity enable non-state armed groups, neighbouring governments' armies and private entrepreneurs of instability to freel…
War and democracy: The legacy of conflict in East Africa
The historical literature on statebuilding in Europe has often portrayed a positive relationship between war, state making and long-term democratisation. Similarly, a number of large-n quantitative studies have concluded that war promotes democracy - even in cases of civil war. Against this, a growing area studies literature has argued that violent conflict in developing countries is unlikely to drive either statebuilding or democratisation. Howe…
The struggle over truth – Rwanda and the BBC
Governments and Media often don't get along very well, particularly when the press challenges core political positions. This is certainly the case in Rwanda, where information and communication management is an important political weapon used by the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) to protect its hold on power. The RPF has developed a coherent and comprehensive narrative on the past, present, and future of the country and its citizens, and tightly p…
Recent Developments in the Public Law of Francophone African States
The origin of the initial African constitutions is easy to establish. While the former British territories “received” their Westminster-type constitutions negotiated during the Lancaster House conferences, the former French territories, except Guinea, became independent under constitutions drawing heavily upon the constitution of the Fifth French Republic, of which they were virtual copies. Among the countries formerly under Belgian rule, the Con…
La Deuxieme Republique Rwandaise: Evolution, Bilan et Perspectives
The Second Republic Of Rwanda : Evolution, Balance And Perspectives This paper provides a short survey and assessment of the political evolution of Rwanda since the inception of the Second Republic in 1973. After a period of de facto rule the country returned to constitutional government in 1978. A single party, the Revolutionary National Movement for the Development, had already been created by the military in 1975. The paper examines the consti…
The second Republic of Rwanda: Evolution, Balance and Perspectives
This paper provides a short survey and assessment of the political evolution of Rwanda since the inception of the Second Republic in 1973. After a period of de facto rule the country returned to constitutional government in 1978. A single party, the Revolutionary National Movement for the Development, had already been created by the military in 1975. The paper examines the constitution, the organisation of elections, political conflict and the re…
Pouvoir et droit au Rwanda. Droit public et évolution politique, 1916-1973
Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America" analyses legal and constitutional developments in all states or regions outside of Europe as well as their regional and international integration. Founded in 1968 and inspired by decolonization and the idea of a cooperative new beginning, the Journal also promotes a special interest in contributions on 'Law and development'. The journal aims to provide a forum for a variety of perspectives on th…
Chiefs and Burgomasters in Rwanda: The Unfinished Quest for a Bureaucracy
(1987). Chiefs and Burgomasters in Rwanda. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law: Vol. 19, No. 25-26, pp. 71-97
Pouvoir et droit au Rwanda: Droit Public Et Évolution Politique, 1916-1973
Version legerement modifiee d’une these de doctorat en droit, cet ouvrage etudie les rapports entre le droit public et l’evolution politique du Rwanda, du debut de l’occupation belge du pays a la chute de la Premiere Republique. Comme l’Allemagne, la Belgique opta pour un regime d’administration indirecte mais ses multiples interventions dans le systeme politique et social rwandais ont eu pour effet d’affaiblir ou d’annuler un nombre d’equilibres…
The Realization of the Constitutional Guidelines for a Democratic South Africa
Africa Focus publishes a Dutch translation of the "constitutional guidelines for a democratic South Africa", adopted in March 1988 at Lusaka, by the African National congress (ANC), together with a preface (by F.Reyntjens) and an extensive introduction written by Ted Pekane, member of the constitutional committee of the ANC, about the drafting of this important text. In the preface is referred to the political signification of a constitutional te…
Cooptation politique à l'envers: Les législatives de 1988 au Rwanda
Reyntjens Filip. Cooptation politique à l’envers : les législatives de 1988 au Rwanda. In: Politique africaine, n°34, 1989. États et sociétés nomades. pp. 121-126
Le gacaca ou la justice du gazon au Rwanda
The gacaca or lawn justice in rwanda. In Rwanda, neighbourhood meetings on the lawn (Gacaca) are the locally-recognized context for resolving legal disputes without legal provisions or state organization. It is a contemporary phenomenon, based on custom, which rests mainly on reconciling proximity disputes rather than reinforcing official jurisdictional authority. In this case, the possibility to choose between several courts improves access to j…
Du bon usage de la science: L'école historique burundo-française
Reyntjens Filip. Du bon usage de la science : «L’école historique burundo-française». In: Politique africaine, n°37, 1990. Économie alimentaire : la purge libérale. pp. 107-113
The Winds of Change. Political and Constitutional Evolution in Francophone Africa, 1990–1991
“Never in my lifetime”: it has always been a risky sentence for political leaders, as the former Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith knows only too well. The astonishingly rapid evolution in Africa today has made the phrase sound almost suicidal. Zaire's President Mobutu, for instance, claimed at the beginning of 1990 that “never in my lifetime will there be multi-partyism in Zaire”; after he was forced to announce the lifting of all restrictions …
Preliminary Material
Editoriaal
L'ingénierie de l'unité nationale. Quelques singularités de la constitution burundaise de 1992
Reyntjens Filip. L’ingénierie de l’unité nationale. Quelques singularités de la constitution burundaise de 1992. In: Politique africaine, n°47, 1992. Le Mali : la transition. pp. 141-146
The Proof of the Pudding is in the Eating: The June 1993 Elections in Burundi
Land-Locked Burundi in the Great Lakes area of East-Central Africa, while very small in size (slightly under 28,000 sq. kilometres, roughly the size of Belgium), is after neighbouring Rwanda the most densely populated country in the continent, with about six million inhabitants of whom it is commonly admitted that Hutu and Tutsi constitute about 85 and 15 per cent, respectively
L'Afrique des grands lacs en crise
L'Afrique des Grands Lacs en crise: Rwanda, Burundi, 1988-1994
Constitution-Making in Situations of Extreme Crisis: The Case of Rwanda and Burundi
The small East-Central African countries of Rwanda and Burundi have been in the news lately because of the extreme violence they have been and are experiencing. While many observers have interpreted these conflicts in strictly ethnic terms, pitting Hutu against Tutsi, they are in fact political: at stake is power, the control over the state as a principal means of accumulation and reproduction of a social class. This struggle in the context of pr…
Rwanda: Genocide and Beyond
This article analyses five crucially relevant factors which may help to understand the extreme violence which affected Rwanda from April to July 1994. Two factors are shared with other African countries: the inherent destabilizing potential of processes of political transition, and the control of the state as a stake for political struggle. Three other factors are specifically Rwandan: the bipolar ethnic situation, the combination of a strong sta…
Urban Normative Fields in Africa Today
A Dubious Discourse on Rwanda
Journal Article A DUBIOUS DISCOURSE ON RWANDA Get access FILIP REYNTJENS FILIP REYNTJENS Chairman of the Centre for the Study of the Great Lakes Region of Africa University of Antwerp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 98, Issue 390, January 1999, Pages 119–122, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a007990 Published: 01 January 1999
Briefing: The Second Congo War: More Than a Remake
Journal Article BRIEFING: THE SECOND CONGO WAR: MORE THAN A REMAKE Get access FILIP REYNTJENS FILIP REYNTJENS Flip Reyntjens is Professor of Law and Politics at the Universities of Antwerp and Brussels Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 98, Issue 391, April 1999, Pages 241–250, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a008010 Published: 01 April 1999
Briefing: The Democratic Republic of Congo, from Kabila to Kabila
SCOPUS: ar.j
La guerre des grands lacs: Alliances Mouvantes Et Conflits Extraterritoriaux En Afrique Centrale
La 'Pax Americana' en Afrique des Grands Lacs
Political science (48 works) · Law (36 works) · Politics (30 works) · Sociology (29 works) · Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts (21 works) · Political economy (21 works) · Economics (18 works) · Global Peace and Security Dynamics (16 works) · Democracy (15 works) · Geography (13 works)