Joe Oppenheimer
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 139728 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Joe Oppenheimer |
| NOMBRES | Joe |
| APELLIDO | Oppenheimer |
| FIRMA | OPPENHEIMER J |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Maryland, College Park |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7973-6173 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 53 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 399 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 54 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1970 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Social and genetic diversity in first farmers of central Europe
The Linearbandkeramik (LBK) Neolithic communities were the first to spread farming across large parts of Europe. We report genome-wide data for 250 individuals: 178 individuals from whole-cemetery surveys of the Alföld Linearbankeramik Culture eastern LBK site of Polgár-Ferenci-hát, the western LBK site of Nitra Horné Krškany and the western LBK settlement and massacre site of Asparn-Schletz, as well as 48 LBK individuals from 16 other sites and …
Historical and archaeogenomic identification of high-status Englishmen at Jamestown, Virginia
The authors report on ancient DNA data from two human skeletons buried within the chancel of the 1608-1616 church at the North American colonial settlement of Jamestown, Virginia. Available archaeological, osteological and documentary evidence suggest that these individuals are Sir Ferdinando Wenman and Captain William West, kinsmen of the colony's first Governor, Thomas West, Third Baron De La Warr. Genomic analyses of the skeletons identify une…
Choosing Justice
Life and death in early colonial Campeche
Campeche, one of the Spanish Empire's main Mexican ports, was a place where previously distinct cultures and populations intermingled during the colonial era (AD 1540-1680). Investigation of the town's central plaza revealed a Hispanic cemetery of multi-ethnic burials. The authors combine previous analyses with newly generated genome-wide data from 10 individuals to trace detailed life histories of the mostly young, local Indigenous Americans and…
Ancient DNA-based sex determination of bison hide moccasins indicates Promontory cave occupants selected female hides for footwear
The thirteenth-century human occupants of the Promontory caves, Utah, distinguished themselves from surrounding Fremont populations by being successful hunting specialists of bison in a region normally peripheral for that species. The hunters’ success is evident from the abundance of faunal remains excavated from the dry caves. The dry cave conditions also preserved hundreds of worn moccasins, which are of particular interest because of the Canad…
Ancient genomes indicate population replacement in Early Neolithic Britain
The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia
Ancient human movements through Asia Ancient DNA has allowed us to begin tracing the history of human movements across the globe. Narasimhan et al. identify a complex pattern of human migrations and admixture events in South and Central Asia by performing genetic analysis of more than 500 people who lived over the past 8000 years (see the Perspective by Schaefer and Shapiro). They establish key phases in the population prehistory of Eurasia, incl…
The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years
Genomics of the Iberian Peninsula Ancient DNA studies have begun to help us understand the genetic history and movements of people across the globe. Focusing on the Iberian Peninsula, Olalde et al. report genome-wide data from 271 ancient individuals from Iberia (see the Perspective by Vander Linden). The findings provide a comprehensive genetic time transect of the region. Linguistics analysis and genetic analysis of archaeological human remains…
The genomic history of southeastern Europe
The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe
Ancient genomes document multiple waves of migration in Southeast Asian prehistory
Ancient migrations in Southeast Asia The past movements and peopling of Southeast Asia have been poorly represented in ancient DNA studies (see the Perspective by Bellwood). Lipson et al. generated sequences from people inhabiting Southeast Asia from about 1700 to 4100 years ago. Screening of more than a hundred individuals from five sites yielded ancient DNA from 18 individuals. Comparisons with present-day populations suggest two waves of mixin…
Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America
We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals forming four parallel time transects in Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the Southern Cone, each dating to at least ∼9,000 years ago. The common ancestral population radiated rapidly from just one of the two early branches that contributed to Native Americans today. We document two previously unappreciated streams of gene flow between North and South America. One affected the Central And…
Parallel palaeogenomic transects reveal complex genetic history of early European farmers
Principles of Politics
Modern rational choice and social justice theories allow scholars to develop new understandings of the foundations and general patterns of politics and political behavior. In this book, Joe Oppenheimer enumerates and justifies the empirical and moral generalizations commonly derived from these theories. In developing these arguments, Oppenheimer gives students a foundational basis of both formal theory and theories of social justice, and their re…
Principles of Politics
"This book presents the rational choice theories of collective action and social choice, applying them to problems of public policy and social justice"-- "Claims of knowledge and of 'principles' regarding political matters, both empirical and moral, have been made over the millennia but never without contention. This book is about some of the empirical and moral generalizations arrived at in what might be called the new political science. The boo…
Global Justice
Global Justice is a fascinating and powerful work about what can and ought to be done to achieve a better future for our species. Built on a Rawlsian styled thought experiment and supported by empirical reporting, the book presents a “basic framework of governing the world’s inhabitants”
Round-Robin Commentary
Research Article| July 01 2011 Round-Robin Commentary Joe Oppenheimer; Joe Oppenheimer Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google C. Fred Alford; C. Fred Alford Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Karol Edward Sołtan Karol Edward Sołtan Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google The Good Society (2011) 20 (2): 319–337. https://doi.org/10.5325/goodsociety.20.2.0319 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Sh…
Universals, Knowledge Claims, and Methods
Research Article| July 01 2011 Universals, Knowledge Claims, and Methods Joe Oppenheimer Joe Oppenheimer Joe Oppenheimer has written extensively on issues of social justice and rational choice theory. His latest works include three co-authored articles in the Journal of Politics reinterpreting all behavioral results in n-person prisoner dilemma games and Political Principles: A Rational Choice Theory Guide to Politics and Social Welfare. Search f…
Paradox lost
Despite a large body of experimental data demonstrating consistent group outcomes in social dilemmas, a close look at individual behavior at the micro level reveals a more complicated story. From round to round, individual behavior appears to be almost random. Using a combination of formal deduction and agent-based simulations, we argue that any theory of individual choice that accounts for the observed behavior of real people is likely to requir…
An agent-based analysis of context-dependent preferences
Justice Preferences and the Arrow Problem
Arrow showed that there is no general way to aggregate non-interpersonally comparable preferences or welfare into either a sensible social choice or a social welfare measure. With majority rule the problem manifests itself as voting cycles. The standard response to this problem has been developing `spatial models' built on restricted preferences (or welfare). We develop an alternative family of solutions. By assuming a culturally accepted concept…
Skating on Thin Ice
The behavioral assumptions upon which Public Choice, and Game Theory are built, are false. This may not seem to be ‘too serious’ since many theories are only approximations. But a broad spectrum of experimental results has shown the problem to be greater than one of workable proportions. We illustrate the problems by examining some anomalous results in both voluntary contribution games and dictator games. We argue that there are difficulties with…
Modeling Other-Regarding Preferences and an Experimental Test
Optimal Policies and Socially Oriented Behavior
Democracy and Justice
I Get By With a Little Help From My Friends
Ending the war in Vietnam, preventing similar conflicts elsewhere, solving the problems associated with the pollution of our environment, and securing a just domestic social order are among the most important political issues of our time. These issues have one characteristic in common: the securing (or non-securing) of these objectives will be shared by all citizens of the United States. Consequently, these and similar phenomena can be analyzed i…
A Method of Estimating the Personal Ideology of Political Representatives
We suggest a method for estimating a political representative's personal ideology and its effect on his or her voting decisions. The current practice of using the ratings of a pressure group such as Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) as a proxy for personal ideology is shown to have a number of theoretical and interpretive flaws. Our technique uses the residuals from two regression equations to provide answers to two questions: Is there a syst…
Choices of Principles of Distributive Justice in Experimental Groups
Experimental methods involving imperfect information are used to generate group choices of principles of distributive justice. Conditions approximating John Rawls's original in A Theory of Justice serve as the starting point, and his conjectures are contrasted with those of John Harsanyi. Three predictions implicit in the Rawlsian argument are tested: (1) individuals choosing a principle of economic distribution would be able to reach unanimous a…
Modeling Other-Regarding Preferences and an Experimental Test
Laboratory Results on Rawls's Distributive Justice
The behavioural underpinnings of Rawls's notion of distributive justice as outlined inA Theory of Justiceare tested in experimental contexts. Under conditions approximating Rawls's ‘original position’ (including the appropriate agenda, a ‘veil of ignorance’ and a choice rule designed to capture his main theoretical constraints), we test his ‘predictions’ that individuals would reach a unanimous consensus on a principle of distributive justice and…
Choosing Justice in Experimental Democracies with Production
We examine in a laboratory setting how direct participation in choosing a principle of distributive justice and a tax system impinges on subjects' attitudes and subsequent productivity when they participate in a task, produce income, and then experience losses or gains according to the tax system. Experience with a redistributive principle and its associated taxation system in a production environment does not detract from overall acceptance of t…
Beyond Economic Man
The existence and prevalence of behavior inconsistent with economists' definition of self-interest is measured in an experimental context. Experimental situations involving choices with monetary payoffs are designed to induce preferences. The subjects' behaviors are used to measure the existence and intensity of various forms of motivation based on “interactive preference functions.” Explicitly, we test for altruistic, egalitarian, and difference…
A Test of Downsian Voter Rationality
Systematic testing of Downsian voter rationality is accomplished using a computer simulation technique on the 1964 SRC voting survey. The simulation tests both the hypotheses predicting whether an individual will vote and for whom an individual will vote. To evaluate the results of the tests we develop a statistic analogous to Pearson's r. This statistic measures the percentage improvement over a random guess technique. Utilizing this statistic, …
Individual Contributions for Collective Goods
There is a growing controversy as to what behavior is to be expected of individuals regarding contributions for the supply of collective goods. This paper attempts to settle some of the controversy. It attempts to do so not by showing that one of the positions taken is correct and the others wrong, but by showing that the various authors in question reach different conclusions about individual behavior in situations involving the potential supply…
A Reassessment
The theory of collective (or public) goods has proven of great value to the understanding of politics. Based on assumptions of rational and (usually) self-interested behavior, for political applications one of the central theorems to the theory is that unorganized groups supply themselves suboptimal amounts of any collective good. A number of areas of application of the theory have been ill-advised. In particular, these theorems are not directly …
Experiencing impartiality to invoke fairness in the n-PD
"Some Political Implications of "Vote Trading and the Voting Paradox
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
The carrot and the stick
Skating on Thin Ice
The behavioral assumptions upon which Public Choice, and Game Theory are built, are false. This may not seem to be ‘too serious’ since many theories are only approximations. But a broad spectrum of experimental results has shown the problem to be greater than one of workable proportions. We illustrate the problems by examining some anomalous results in both voluntary contribution games and dictator games. We argue that there are difficulties with…
Entrepreneurial Politics And Foreign Policy
While engineers, economists, and doctors can often prescribe a remedy for an undesirable situation by inference from a general theoretical construct, the architects of foreign policies rarely, if ever, have had such an advantage. Yet, the availability of a general theoretical construct could yield numerous benefits. To the degree that the theory were reliable and general, the foreign-policy maker would be able to deal with a wide range of concern…
Universalism in Experimental Committees
Most rational choice theories of committee decision making predict a process of competitive coalition formation leading to a minimum winning coalition. Committee experiments reported to date tend to support these theories. However, both theories and committee experiments are contradicted by the evidence of real-world legislatures making distributive decisions; these decisions are characterized by coalitions of the whole providing virtually all me…
Justice Preferences and the Arrow Problem
Arrow showed that there is no general way to aggregate non-interpersonally comparable preferences or welfare into either a sensible social choice or a social welfare measure. With majority rule the problem manifests itself as voting cycles. The standard response to this problem has been developing `spatial models' built on restricted preferences (or welfare). We develop an alternative family of solutions. By assuming a culturally accepted concept…
Optimal Policies and Socially Oriented Behavior
Outcomes of logrolling in the bargaining set and democratic theory
Redistributive politics
Small Steps Forward for Political Economy
Life and death in early colonial Campeche
Campeche, one of the Spanish Empire's main Mexican ports, was a place where previously distinct cultures and populations intermingled during the colonial era (AD 1540-1680). Investigation of the town's central plaza revealed a Hispanic cemetery of multi-ethnic burials. The authors combine previous analyses with newly generated genome-wide data from 10 individuals to trace detailed life histories of the mostly young, local Indigenous Americans and…
Ancient DNA-based sex determination of bison hide moccasins indicates Promontory cave occupants selected female hides for footwear
The thirteenth-century human occupants of the Promontory caves, Utah, distinguished themselves from surrounding Fremont populations by being successful hunting specialists of bison in a region normally peripheral for that species. The hunters’ success is evident from the abundance of faunal remains excavated from the dry caves. The dry cave conditions also preserved hundreds of worn moccasins, which are of particular interest because of the Canad…
A role for structured observation in ethics
When Is Universal Contribution Best for the Group
Social scientists from a variety of disciplines have long been captivated by the simplicity and elegance of the two-person, binary choice prisoners' dilemma (2 × 2 PD). Over the years, the domain of the research has been extended and applied to events that are neither two person nor binary. We use a defining characteristic of the 2 × 2 PD to identify situations under which full levels of contribution are suboptimal. We propose, on the basis of th…
I Get By With a Little Help From My Friends
Ending the war in Vietnam, preventing similar conflicts elsewhere, solving the problems associated with the pollution of our environment, and securing a just domestic social order are among the most important political issues of our time. These issues have one characteristic in common: the securing (or non-securing) of these objectives will be shared by all citizens of the United States. Consequently, these and similar phenomena can be analyzed i…
Political Leadership and Collective Goods
Entrepreneurial Politics And Foreign Policy
While engineers, economists, and doctors can often prescribe a remedy for an undesirable situation by inference from a general theoretical construct, the architects of foreign policies rarely, if ever, have had such an advantage. Yet, the availability of a general theoretical construct could yield numerous benefits. To the degree that the theory were reliable and general, the foreign-policy maker would be able to deal with a wide range of concern…
The carrot and the stick
Individual Contributions for Collective Goods
There is a growing controversy as to what behavior is to be expected of individuals regarding contributions for the supply of collective goods. This paper attempts to settle some of the controversy. It attempts to do so not by showing that one of the positions taken is correct and the others wrong, but by showing that the various authors in question reach different conclusions about individual behavior in situations involving the potential supply…
"Some Political Implications of "Vote Trading and the Voting Paradox
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Modern Political Economy
A Test of Downsian Voter Rationality
Systematic testing of Downsian voter rationality is accomplished using a computer simulation technique on the 1964 SRC voting survey. The simulation tests both the hypotheses predicting whether an individual will vote and for whom an individual will vote. To evaluate the results of the tests we develop a statistic analogous to Pearson's r. This statistic measures the percentage improvement over a random guess technique. Utilizing this statistic, …
Outcomes of logrolling in the bargaining set and democratic theory
A Reassessment
The theory of collective (or public) goods has proven of great value to the understanding of politics. Based on assumptions of rational and (usually) self-interested behavior, for political applications one of the central theorems to the theory is that unorganized groups supply themselves suboptimal amounts of any collective good. A number of areas of application of the theory have been ill-advised. In particular, these theorems are not directly …
Small Steps Forward for Political Economy
Some Reflections on Clubs and Alliances
The persuasive comments by Sandler et al. (1980) make two important points: (1) the applications of collective goods theory to alliances has been improved by shifts to the theory of clubs and impure collective goods and (2) my comments regarding the normative limitations of Pareto efficiency goals (Oppenheimer, 1979: 400-401) involve a technical error. Both of these points are well made but we could usefully consider further aspects of their scop…
Legislators, bureaucrats and locational decisions and beyond
Universalism in Experimental Committees
Most rational choice theories of committee decision making predict a process of competitive coalition formation leading to a minimum winning coalition. Committee experiments reported to date tend to support these theories. However, both theories and committee experiments are contradicted by the evidence of real-world legislatures making distributive decisions; these decisions are characterized by coalitions of the whole providing virtually all me…
Post election redistributive strategies of representatives
Beyond Economic Man
The existence and prevalence of behavior inconsistent with economists' definition of self-interest is measured in an experimental context. Experimental situations involving choices with monetary payoffs are designed to induce preferences. The subjects' behaviors are used to measure the existence and intensity of various forms of motivation based on “interactive preference functions.” Explicitly, we test for altruistic, egalitarian, and difference…
A Method of Estimating the Personal Ideology of Political Representatives
We suggest a method for estimating a political representative's personal ideology and its effect on his or her voting decisions. The current practice of using the ratings of a pressure group such as Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) as a proxy for personal ideology is shown to have a number of theoretical and interpretive flaws. Our technique uses the residuals from two regression equations to provide answers to two questions: Is there a syst…
A Reply to Our Critics
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Public choice and three ethical properties of politics
Choices of Principles of Distributive Justice in Experimental Groups
Experimental methods involving imperfect information are used to generate group choices of principles of distributive justice. Conditions approximating John Rawls's original in A Theory of Justice serve as the starting point, and his conjectures are contrasted with those of John Harsanyi. Three predictions implicit in the Rawlsian argument are tested: (1) individuals choosing a principle of economic distribution would be able to reach unanimous a…
Laboratory Results on Rawls's Distributive Justice
The behavioural underpinnings of Rawls's notion of distributive justice as outlined inA Theory of Justiceare tested in experimental contexts. Under conditions approximating Rawls's ‘original position’ (including the appropriate agenda, a ‘veil of ignorance’ and a choice rule designed to capture his main theoretical constraints), we test his ‘predictions’ that individuals would reach a unanimous consensus on a principle of distributive justice and…
Redistributive politics
Choosing Justice in Experimental Democracies with Production
We examine in a laboratory setting how direct participation in choosing a principle of distributive justice and a tax system impinges on subjects' attitudes and subsequent productivity when they participate in a task, produce income, and then experience losses or gains according to the tax system. Experience with a redistributive principle and its associated taxation system in a production environment does not detract from overall acceptance of t…
Choosing Justice
Experiencing impartiality to invoke fairness in the n-PD
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