R G Rogers
Biographic Data
| ID | 13983 |
|---|---|
| NAME | R G Rogers |
| GIVEN NAMES | R G |
| FAMILY NAME | Rogers |
| SIGNATURE | ROGERS R G |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Colorado Boulder |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0515-4012 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 76 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1017 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 75 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1985 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 19 |
Sex Differences in U.S. Adolescent and Young Adult Mortality
Cognition and Diabetes: Examining Sex Differences Using a Longitudinal Sample of Older Adults
Objectives: This study aims to investigate sex-based differences in the diabetes status and cognition relationship using a representative sample of older Americans. Methods: Using a sample of 19,190 females and 15,580 males from the Health and Retirement Study, we conduct mixed-effects linear regression analyses to examine sex differences in the association between diabetes and cognition over a 20-year follow-up period among older adults in the U…
Outside the Skin”: The Persistence of Black–White Disparities in U.S. Early-Life Mortality
Research on Black–White disparities in mortality emphasizes the cumulative pathways through which racism gets “under the skin” to affect health. Yet this framing is less applicable in early life, when death is primarily attributable to external causes rather than cumulative, biological processes. We use mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System Multiple Cause of Death files and population counts from the Surveillance, Epidemiology,…
Race/ethnicity, maternal educational attainment, and infant mortality in the United States
This study examines patterns of and explanations for racial/ethnic-education disparities in infant mortality in the United States. Using linked birth and death data (2007-2010), we find that while education-specific infant mortality rates are similar for Mexican Americans and Whites, infants of college-educated African American women experience 3.1 more deaths per 1,000 live births (Rate Ratio = 1.46) than infants of White women with a high schoo…
Greater mortality variability in the United States in comparison with peer countries
BACKGROUND: Over the past several decades, US mortality declines have lagged behind other high-income countries. However, scant attention has been devoted to how US mortality variability compares with other countries. OBJECTIVE: We examine trends in mortality and mortality variability in the US and 16 peer countries from 1980 through 2016. METHODS: We employ the Human Mortality Database and demographic techniques - with a focus on patterns in the…
The persistent southern disadvantage in US early life mortality, 1965-2014
BACKGROUND: Recent studies of US adult mortality demonstrate a growing disadvantage among southern states. Few studies have examined long-term trends and geographic patterns in US early life (ages 1 to 24) mortality, ages at which key risk factors and causes of death are quite different than among adults. OBJECTIVE: This article examines trends and variations in early life mortality rates across US states and census divisions. We assess whether t…
Family Structure and Early Life Mortality in the United States
ObjectiveThis study investigates the association between family structure and early life mortality (1-24 years of age) in the United States.BackgroundFew studies have examined this association.MethodWe employed the restricted-use 1999-2015 National Health Interview Survey-Linked Mortality Files to reveal all-cause and cause-specific mortality disparities by family structure, as captured at the time of entry into the study, including married-paren…
Family Socioeconomic Status and Early Life Mortality Risk in the United States
Stigma experiences of patients with problematic personality traits: An investigation with the PID-5
Research has consistently shown that mental disorders are associated with higher levels of experienced stigmatization than those encountered for physical illness. However, few studies have systematically evaluated internalized stigma and discrimination for patients with maladaptive and socially undesirable personality traits. With the emerging DSM–5 dimensional model (i.e., Section III Alternative Model for Personality Disorders; American Psychia…
Cigarette Smoking and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Adult Mortality in the United States
This study illuminates the association between cigarette smoking and adult mortality in the contemporary United States. Recent studies have estimated smoking-attributable mortality using indirect approaches or with sample data that are not nationally representative and that lack key confounders. We use the 1990–2011 National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality Files to estimate relative risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for cur…
A longitudinal examination of US teen childbearing and smoking risk
BACKGROUND: Teenage motherhood and smoking have important health implications for youth in the United States and globally, but the link between teen childbearing and subsequent smoking is inadequately understood. The selection of disadvantaged young women into early childbearing and smoking may explain higher smoking levels among teen mothers, but teen motherhood may also shape subsequent smoking through compromised maternal depression or socioec…
Racial disparities in health conditions among prisoners compared with the general population
This paper compares black-white health disparities among state prisoners to disparities in the noninstitutionalized community to provide a more complete portrait of the nation's heath. We use data from the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities and the 2002 and 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for incarcerated and noninstitutionalized adult (aged 18 to 65) men and women, respectively. Health dispa…
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Early-Life Mortality in the United States
U.S. early-life (ages 1-24) deaths are tragic, far too common, and largely preventable. Yet demographers have focused scant attention on U.S. early-life mortality patterns, particularly as they vary across racial and ethnic groups. We employed the restricted-use 1999-2011 National Health Interview Survey-Linked Mortality Files and hazard models to examine racial/ethnic differences in early-life mortality. Our results reveal that these disparities…
Does the Hispanic health advantage extend to better management of hypertension? The role of socioeconomic status, sociobehavioral factors, and health care access
Hispanics in the United States (and foreign-born Hispanics in particular) have relatively favorable health given their lower socioeconomic status compared to, for example, non-Hispanic whites. This phenomenon is often called the Hispanic health paradox (HHP). This study examines whether the previously documented HHP in hypertension prevalence extends to its management using clinical and self-reported measures from the 2007-2012 National Health an…
Alcohol's Collateral Damage: Childhood Exposure to Problem Drinkers and Subsequent Adult Mortality Risk
The importance of childhood circumstances, broadly defined, for shaping adult health and longevity is well-established. But the significance of one of the most prevalent childhood adversities-exposure to problem drinkers-has been understudied from a sociological perspective and remains poorly understood. We address this gap by drawing on cumulative inequality theory, using data from the 1988-2011 National Health Interview Survey-Linked Mortality …
Educational Attainment and Mortality in the United States: Effects of Degrees, Years of Schooling, and Certification
Negative Acculturation and Nothing More? Cumulative Disadvantage and Mortality during the Immigrant Adaptation Process among Latinos in the United States
Foreign- and U.S.-born Hispanic health deteriorates with increasing exposure and acculturation to mainstream U.S. society. Because these associations are robust to (static) socioeconomic controls, negative acculturation has become their primary explanation. This overemphasis, however, has neglected important alternative structural explanations. Examining Hispanic mortality using the 1998–2006 U.S. National Health Interview Survey-Linked Mortality…
Suicide in the City: Do Characteristics of Place Really Influence Risk
OBJECTIVE: This article investigates the role of social context on individual suicide mortality with attention paid to the possibility that contextual effects are simply the sum of individual characteristics associated with suicide. METHODS: We use restricted data from the 1986-2006 National Health Interview Survey-Linked Mortality Files, which include nearly one million records and 1,300 suicides, to examine the role of familial and socioeconomi…
Socioeconomic Status, Health, and Mortality
The World Health Organization (1948) broadly defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well‐being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Health can be assessed in a number of ways, but generally includes subjective health, physical impairment, vitality, well‐being, acute conditions, and chronic disease. Health is a measure of the quality of life, whereas mortality defines the risk of death and can be used t…
Happiness and longevity in the United States
Using Ethnography to Understand Meaning: A Review of Sam Ladner's Practical Ethnography: A Guide to Doing Ethnography in the Private Sector
Ethnography is a qualitative research methodology that explains the meaning of a culture within context. Ethnographers take the emic position, participants’ point of view, and try to understand their language, concepts, categories, and opinions that defines their research. The author, Sam Ladner, wrote a thorough text that bridges the research and the practical use of ethnography in the private or public sector. An experienced or new researcher c…
The Relationship Between Major Depression and Nonsuicide Mortality for U.S. Adults: The Importance of Health Behaviors
Our results provide evidence of the important role of health behaviors and health conditions in the depression-mortality relationship and highlight the importance of identifying risk factors for depression among aging adults
Nondrinker Mortality Risk in the United States
The Nonlinear Relationship Between Education and Mortality: An Examination of Cohort, Race/Ethnic, and Gender Differences
Stagnating Life Expectancies and Future Prospects in an Age of Uncertainty
OBJECTIVE: This article provides a timely assessment of U.S. life expectancy given recent stalls in the growth of length of life, the continuing drop in international rankings of life expectancy for the U.S., and during a period of growing social and economic insecurity. METHODS: Time series analysis is used on over 70 years of data from the Human Mortality Database to forecast future life expectancy to the year 2055. RESULTS: The results show li…
Religious involvement and U.S. adult mortality
We use recently released, nationally representative data from the National Health Interview Survey—Multiple Cause of Death linked file to model the association of religious attendance and sociodemographic, health, and behavioral correlates with overall and cause-specific mortality. Religious attendance is associated with U.S. adult mortality in a graded fashion: People who never attend exhibit 1.87 times the risk of death in the follow-up period …
Nativity, Duration of Residence, and the Health of Hispanic Adults in the United States
This article examines subgroup differences in the health status of Hispanic adults in comparison to non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic lacks. We pay particular attention to the influences of nativity and duration of residence in the United States. Data are pooled from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for 1989–94. Puerto Ricans exhibited the worst health outcomes of any group (including whites and blacks) for each of the three health …
The Enduring Association between Education and Mortality: The Role of Widening and Narrowing Disparities
This article examines how educational disparities in mortality emerge, grow, decline, and disappear across causes of death in the United States, and how these changes contribute to the enduring association between education and mortality over time. Focusing on adults age 40 to 64 years, we first examine the extent to which educational disparities in mortality persisted from 1989 to 2007. We then test the fundamental cause prediction that educatio…
Neighborhood Social Context and Racial Differences in Women's Heart Disease Mortality
Compared to white women, black women experience similar rates of heart disease morbidity, but higher rates of heart disease mortality. This puzzling relationship may be due to several factors working at varied levels to affect each race. For example, the high heart disease mortality rate may be due to individual health or socioeconomic risk factors or to social structural factors. We conduct a multi-level analysis to address these issues, using d…
Ethnicity and Mortality in the United States: Individual and Community Correlates
Ethnic gaps in mortality persist in the United States but the specific causes remain elusive. We propose a broader mortality framework that includes neighborhood characteristics that we test using data from a file that links the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 1986 through 1990 with information from death certificates from the National Death Index (NDI), and additional census tract-level data from the 1990 Census STF-3A files. Cox pr…
Mortality Attributable to Cigarette Smoking in the United States
Cigarette smoking is a particularly pernicious behavior because of its high prevalence and mortality risk. We use the powerful methodology of life tables with covariates and employ the National Health Interview Survey-Multiple Cause of Death file to illuminate the interrelations of smoking with other risk factors, and with the combined influences of smoking prevalence and population size on smoking-attributable mortality. We find that the smoking…
Race Differentials in Obesity: The Impact of Place
This article reveals race differentials in obesity as both an individual- and neighborhood-level phenomena. Using neighborhood-level data from the 1990-1994 National Health Interview Survey, we find that neighborhoods characterized by high proportions of black residents have a greater prevalence of obesity than areas in which the majority of the residents are white. Using individual-level data, we also find that residents of neighborhoods in whic…
Marriage, Sex, and Mortality
This study endeavors to illuminate the relations between marital status and length of life among 36142 [U.S.] individuals between the ages of 25 and 64 from two combined national data sets. Case-control methodology is used to compare individuals who died in 1986 with those who survived the year. Specific causes of death are also examined. Results from logistic regression analysis indicate that marital status differentially affects mortality but n…
Social, behavioral, and biological factors, and sex differences in mortality
Few studies have examined whether sex differences in mortality are associated with different distributions of risk factors or result from the unique relationships between risk factors and mortality for men and women. We extend previous research by systematically testing a variety of factors, including health behaviors, social ties, socioeconomic status, and biological indicators of health. We employ the National Health and Nutritional Examination…
Negative Acculturation and Nothing More? Cumulative Disadvantage and Mortality during the Immigrant Adaptation Process among Latinos in the United States
Foreign- and U.S.-born Hispanic health deteriorates with increasing exposure and acculturation to mainstream U.S. society. Because these associations are robust to (static) socioeconomic controls, negative acculturation has become their primary explanation. This overemphasis, however, has neglected important alternative structural explanations. Examining Hispanic mortality using the 1998–2006 U.S. National Health Interview Survey-Linked Mortality…
Socioeconomic Status, Smoking, and Health: A Test of Competing Theories of Cumulative Advantage
Although both low socioeconomic status and cigarette smoking increase health problems and mortality, their possible combined or interactive influence is less clear. On one hand, the health of low status groups may be harmed least by unhealthy behavior such as smoking because, given the substantial health risks produced by limited resources, they have less to lose from damaging lifestyles. On the other hand, the health of low status groups may be …
Wealth, Race, and Mortality
Objective. We explore, first, whether wealth relates to mortality risk independent of income and education, and second, whether wealth closes the black‐white gap in U.S. adult mortality while controlling for other socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors. Methods. We employ the Cox proportional hazards models on data from the 1992 wave of the Health and Retirement Study linked to deaths through 1998, to analyze pre‐retirement adult mortality in…
Life expectancies of cigarette smokers and nonsmokers in the United States
Trends in educational attainment by race/ethnicity, nativity, and sex in the United States, 1989-2005
Despite the importance of education for shaping individuals' life chances, little research has examined trends and differences in educational attainment for detailed demographic subpopulations in the United States. We use labor market segmentation and cohort replacement theories, linear regression methods, and data from the National Health Interview Survey to understand educational attainment by race/ethnicity, nativity, birth cohort, and sex bet…
Educational Degrees and Adult Mortality Risk in the United States
We present the first published estimates of U.S. adult mortality risk by detailed educational degree, including advanced postsecondary degrees. We use the 1997-2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Linked Mortality Files and Cox proportional hazards models to reveal wide graded differences in mortality by educational degree. Compared to adults who have a professional degree, those with an MA are 5 percent, those with a BA are 26 percent, t…
Individual and Contextual Risks of Death among Race and Ethnic Groups in the United States
An emerging area of social science research focuses on individual-level and contextual-level determinants of black-white adult mortality differentials in the United States. However, no research on adult mortality differentials has distinguished multiple Hispanic subgroups and explored the role of nativity at both the individual and contextual levels for small geographic areas. Using the 1986-1997 National Health Interview Survey-National Death In…
The Effects of Family Composition, Health, and Social Support Linkages on Mortality
This study reveals how family living arrangements influence mortality. I use the National Health Interview Survey, Supplement on Aging, and discrete-time hazard rate models to show that some family arrangements result from strong social bonds, but others are a result of financial needs or health problems. In some instances, it is not family living arrangements that influence the risk of mortality but vice versa: The family rearranges itself to de…
Disability-Free Life among the Elderly in the United States: Sociodemographic Correlates of Functional Health
This article examines the sociodemographic factors associated not only with the length but also the quality of life. Although much research has examined dependency or the reliance on other individuals or institutions, this analysis instead focuses on difficulty in performing activities of daily living. The authors employ logit analysis and the Longitudinal Study of Aging data set to examine the sociodemographic factors-age, sex, race, education, …
Education inequality in mortality: The age and gender specific mediating effects of cigarette smoking
Adult Suicide Mortality in the United States: Marital Status, Family Size, Socioeconomic Status, and Differences by Sex
Objective. This article addresses the relationship between suicide mortality and family structure and socioeconomic status for U.S. adult men and women. Methods. We use Cox proportional hazard models and individual‐level, prospective data from the National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality File (1986–2002) to examine adult suicide mortality. Results. Larger families and employment are associated with lower risks of suicide for both men and…
Glitch in the gradient: Additional education does not uniformly equal better health
The Nonlinear Relationship Between Education and Mortality: An Examination of Cohort, Race/Ethnic, and Gender Differences
Education and Health among U.S. Working-Age Adults: A Detailed Portrait across the Full Educational Attainment Spectrum
This article presents detailed estimates of relative and absolute health inequalities among U.S. working-age adults by educational attainment, including six postsecondary schooling levels. We also estimate the impact of several sets of mediating variables on the education-health gradient. Data from the 1997-2009 National Health Interview Survey (N = 178,103) show remarkable health differentials. For example, high school graduates have 3.5 times t…
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Early-Life Mortality in the United States
U.S. early-life (ages 1-24) deaths are tragic, far too common, and largely preventable. Yet demographers have focused scant attention on U.S. early-life mortality patterns, particularly as they vary across racial and ethnic groups. We employed the restricted-use 1999-2011 National Health Interview Survey-Linked Mortality Files and hazard models to examine racial/ethnic differences in early-life mortality. Our results reveal that these disparities…
Educational differentials in US adult mortality: An examination of mediating factors
Toward a reformulation of the neonatal mortality rate
The use of neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates as proxies for endogenous and exogenous mortality rates is common in demographic and epidemiological research. The results reported in this paper suggest that such a practice is not entirely valid and that, perhaps, a reformulation of the operational definition of the neonatal mortality rate is in order. The study shows that day‐specific endogenous mortality rates predominate during the first e…
Illegal drug use
Assessing the accuracy of neonatal and postneonatal mortality: A comparison of cause-and period-specific infant mortality rates
This article investigates how well neonatal and postneonatal mortality—two period-specific rates—approximate endogenous and exogenous infant mortality—two cause-specific rates. The period-specific measures are assumed to be equivalent to cause-specific rates and are used interchangeably in the social science literature. We test this assumption, find variances with it, discuss what implications this holds for those studies that have relied on peri…
Extending epidemiologic transition theory: A new stage
The epidemiologic transition theory focuses on the changing patterns of morbidity and mortality and postulates that mortality by cause will evolve from a predominance of acute and infectious diseases to a predominance of chronic and degenerative diseases. The epidemiologic transition theory comprises three stages: the age of pestilence and famine (lasting until 1875), receding pandemics (from 1875 to 1930), and degenerative and man‐made diseases …
Fertility Surveys in the U.S
Development and childlessness in the states and territories of Brazil
This article provides an analytical account of the variability in and correlates of Brazil's childlessness rates. Following from the socioeconomic development model, which suggests that involuntary childlessness predominates among developing countries and voluntary childlessness among developed countries, this paper examines the extent to which levels of development are related to age‐specific rates of childlessness in the states and territories …
Life expectancy in less developed countries: Socioeconomic development or public health?
Various studies have enquired into the influence of socioeconomic development or public health measures on life expectancies in less developed countries. Analysis of the effect of these two groups of factors upon life expectancy, using data for 95 less developed countries, indicates that mortality is primarily influenced by such socioeconomic development measures as urbanization, industrialization, and education, and secondarily by such public he…
Ethnic and Birth Weight Differences in Cause-Specific Infant Mortality
This article examines ethnic differences in cause-specific infant mortality, using linked birth and infant death records from a cohort of New Mexican singleton infants, 1980–1983. The research, which applies log-linear analysis, focuses on the combined influences of ethnicity, birth weight, maternal age, and plurality on birth outcomes—that is, on infant survival and deaths due to perinatal, congenital, and respiratory diseases and to sudden infa…
Using surname data in U.S. Puerto Rican mortality analysis
Evidence suggests that among mainland-born decedents, Hispanic (particularly Puerto Rican) origin may have been underreported in states that have added an ancestry item to their death certificates. This study uses the 1980 Census Bureau Spanish-surname list to code surnames on New York City death certificates. By examining the correspondence between surname type and the response to the ancestry item, we identify potential underreporting of Hispan…
Demographic characteristics of cigarette smokers in the United States
This research uses a multivariate log-linear examination of a national data set to analyze the combined influences of ethnicity, age, and sex on cigarette smoking status, not only for smokers but for former smokers and current nonsmokers as well. In general, we find that demographic differences in smoking vary across several dimensions. For instance, compared to females, males are more likely to smoke and to smoke heavily. The differences between…
Life expectancies of cigarette smokers and nonsmokers in the United States
Living and dying in the U.S.A: Sociodemographic determinants of death among blacks and whites
This paper examines the demographic and social factors associated with differences in length of life by race. The results demonstrate that sociodemographic factors—age, sex, marital status, family size, and income—profoundly affect black and white mortality. Indeed, the racial gap in overall mortality could close completely with increased standards of living and improved lifestyles. Moreover, examining cause-specific mortality while adjusting for…
Disability-Free Life among the Elderly in the United States: Sociodemographic Correlates of Functional Health
This article examines the sociodemographic factors associated not only with the length but also the quality of life. Although much research has examined dependency or the reliance on other individuals or institutions, this analysis instead focuses on difficulty in performing activities of daily living. The authors employ logit analysis and the Longitudinal Study of Aging data set to examine the sociodemographic factors-age, sex, race, education, …
Underlying and multiple causes of death related to smoking
Demographic and socioeconomic links to cigarette smoking
This paper illuminates the demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with smoking statuses. It employs the 1990 National Health Interview Survey's Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Supplement and logistic regression to examine the covariates of smoking status among the U.S. adult population. Polychotomous logistic regression, which provides an alternate way to examine smoking practices, simultaneously considers multiple variables and…
Sociodemographic Characteristics of Long-Lived and Healthy Individuals
Most mortality studies have explored the characteristics that contribute to early death. This article instead examines factors that lead to longer lives to determine whether healthy practices contribute years of life synergistically additively or partially and to show age and sex differences in cause-specific mortality. The results indicate that life expectancies in the United States for healthy agers approach 83 years for males and 93 for female…
Marriage, Sex, and Mortality
This study endeavors to illuminate the relations between marital status and length of life among 36142 [U.S.] individuals between the ages of 25 and 64 from two combined national data sets. Case-control methodology is used to compare individuals who died in 1986 with those who survived the year. Specific causes of death are also examined. Results from logistic regression analysis indicate that marital status differentially affects mortality but n…
Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Behavioral Factors Affecting Ethnic Mortality by Cause
This article examines ethnic differences in total and cause-specific mortality. We employ the linked National Health Interview Survey-National Death Index (NHIS-NDI) to examine ethnic differences in mortality from a combination of demographic, socioeconomic, and health characteristic perspectives. We find that Asian American mortality is low in part because of healthy behaviors and socioeconomic advantages; that Caucasian American mortality is hi…
The Effects of Family Composition, Health, and Social Support Linkages on Mortality
This study reveals how family living arrangements influence mortality. I use the National Health Interview Survey, Supplement on Aging, and discrete-time hazard rate models to show that some family arrangements result from strong social bonds, but others are a result of financial needs or health problems. In some instances, it is not family living arrangements that influence the risk of mortality but vice versa: The family rearranges itself to de…
Comparing mortality estimates based on different administrative records
The Effects of Perceived Health Status and Age on Elders' Longevity
Using data from the linked National Health Interview Survey National Death Index (NHIS‐NDI), a new and unique data set, we examine the interaction of age and self‐rated health as a predictor of overall and cause‐specific mortality. Proponents of wear and tear theories argue that as the body ages, it begins to degenerate, leaving the aged in poor health and vulnerable to their ultimate mortality. We find that although the majority of the elderly r…
Ethnicity and Mortality in the United States: Individual and Community Correlates
Ethnic gaps in mortality persist in the United States but the specific causes remain elusive. We propose a broader mortality framework that includes neighborhood characteristics that we test using data from a file that links the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 1986 through 1990 with information from death certificates from the National Death Index (NDI), and additional census tract-level data from the 1990 Census STF-3A files. Cox pr…
Sociodemographic Differentials in Adult Mortality: A Review of Analytic Approaches
Robert A. Hummer, Richard G. Rogers, Isaac W. Eberstein, Sociodemographic Differentials in Adult Mortality: A Review of Analytic Approaches, Population and Development Review, Vol. 24, No. 3 (Sep., 1998), pp. 553-578
Adult mortality differentials associated with cigarette smoking in the USA
Neighborhood Social Context and Racial Differences in Women's Heart Disease Mortality
Compared to white women, black women experience similar rates of heart disease morbidity, but higher rates of heart disease mortality. This puzzling relationship may be due to several factors working at varied levels to affect each race. For example, the high heart disease mortality rate may be due to individual health or socioeconomic risk factors or to social structural factors. We conduct a multi-level analysis to address these issues, using d…
Demography (63 works) · Medicine (62 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (56 works) · Population (52 works) · Gerontology (46 works) · Sociology (46 works) · Psychology (38 works) · Environmental health (34 works) · Demography (30 works) · Global Health Care Issues (28 works)