Sandy White Hawk
Biographic Data
| ID | 139843 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Sandy White Hawk |
| GIVEN NAMES | Sandy White |
| FAMILY NAME | Hawk |
| SIGNATURE | HAWK S W |
| AFFILIATIONS | First Nations Repatriation Institute Shakopee Minnesota USA |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 11 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 9 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 11 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
I walk in the way of my ancestors
Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of reunification with extended family and tribe for American Indian/Alaska Native relatives who were fostered and/or adopted as children, including how the reunification occurred, what reunification was like for them, and the feelings and changes associated with the experience of reunification. Background Reunification is often studied as a permanency outcome drawn from administra…
I am home. The circle is complete
Objective This study examined the underlying, unseen meanings accompanying the progressive verification of the reunification process experienced by American Indian fostered/adopted relatives who were separated from family of origin as children. Background Reunification is most often explored as an outcome (i.e., a result) and few studies examine the process of reunification (i.e., what happens or what facilitates it) or the underlying meaning of …
I can still hear my baby crying
This study captures the experiences of American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers who lost a child to adoption and the impact of said loss on their health and wellbeing. Few studies examine the loss experiences of American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers despite their increased probability to lose a child to foster care and adoption. American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers are distinct from birthmothers of other races in their experiences of…
I did not belong
This study explores the experiences of grief and identity development of American Indian individuals following foster care and adoption compared to their non-American Indian White counterparts. Secondary data analysis was utilized to explore differences in grief and identity development among formerly fostered and adopted American Indian ( n = 129) and White ( n = 166) individuals. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses suggested a significa…
Finding their way home
Entire generations of First Nations people have been separated from their birth families and tribes by historical acts of relocation, boarding schools, and the adoption era. Reunification is an essential component to rebuilding the First Nations population. It is echoed across tribes captured by the phrase, “generation after generation we are coming home” (White Hawk, 2014). The purpose of this study was to investigate personal and social identit…
My relatives are waiting
Objective The present study fills a literature gap by examining barriers to tribal enrollment for American Indian fostered and adopted individuals. Background Systematic child removal has intergenerationally impacted American Indian families. Startling numbers of American Indian children have been removed from their families and tribal communities and placed into foster care or for adoption. Budding research on American Indian fostered and adopte…
The Reunification of American Indian Children in Long-Term Foster Care
Objective: The literature examining reunification for American Indian children reveals mixed findings regarding racial differences. Studies that isolate the impact of race on reunification while controlling for other covariates are needed, and this study fills that gap. Method: Data are from the long-term foster care sample of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW I). We examined a sample (N = 456) of American Indian, Afri…
Does reunification matter? Differences in the social connection to tribe and tribal enrollment of American Indian fostered and adopted adults
Internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems of American Indian children in the child welfare system
Finding their way home
American Indian and White Adoptees
Adult adoptees are at increased risk for mental health problems compared to nonadoptees. However, little is known about subsets of adoptees that may be more or less vulnerable to mental health problems. The purpose of this study was to explore the presence of mental health problems of American Indian (AI) persons compared to White persons who were separated from their birth families during childhood by foster care and/or adoption. Family systems …
Internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems of American Indian children in the child welfare system
Finding their way home
Does reunification matter? Differences in the social connection to tribe and tribal enrollment of American Indian fostered and adopted adults
American Indian and White Adoptees
Adult adoptees are at increased risk for mental health problems compared to nonadoptees. However, little is known about subsets of adoptees that may be more or less vulnerable to mental health problems. The purpose of this study was to explore the presence of mental health problems of American Indian (AI) persons compared to White persons who were separated from their birth families during childhood by foster care and/or adoption. Family systems …
Internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems of American Indian children in the child welfare system
Finding their way home
American Indian and White Adoptees
Adult adoptees are at increased risk for mental health problems compared to nonadoptees. However, little is known about subsets of adoptees that may be more or less vulnerable to mental health problems. The purpose of this study was to explore the presence of mental health problems of American Indian (AI) persons compared to White persons who were separated from their birth families during childhood by foster care and/or adoption. Family systems …
Does reunification matter? Differences in the social connection to tribe and tribal enrollment of American Indian fostered and adopted adults
The Reunification of American Indian Children in Long-Term Foster Care
Objective: The literature examining reunification for American Indian children reveals mixed findings regarding racial differences. Studies that isolate the impact of race on reunification while controlling for other covariates are needed, and this study fills that gap. Method: Data are from the long-term foster care sample of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW I). We examined a sample (N = 456) of American Indian, Afri…
Finding their way home
Entire generations of First Nations people have been separated from their birth families and tribes by historical acts of relocation, boarding schools, and the adoption era. Reunification is an essential component to rebuilding the First Nations population. It is echoed across tribes captured by the phrase, “generation after generation we are coming home” (White Hawk, 2014). The purpose of this study was to investigate personal and social identit…
My relatives are waiting
Objective The present study fills a literature gap by examining barriers to tribal enrollment for American Indian fostered and adopted individuals. Background Systematic child removal has intergenerationally impacted American Indian families. Startling numbers of American Indian children have been removed from their families and tribal communities and placed into foster care or for adoption. Budding research on American Indian fostered and adopte…
I can still hear my baby crying
This study captures the experiences of American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers who lost a child to adoption and the impact of said loss on their health and wellbeing. Few studies examine the loss experiences of American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers despite their increased probability to lose a child to foster care and adoption. American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers are distinct from birthmothers of other races in their experiences of…
I did not belong
This study explores the experiences of grief and identity development of American Indian individuals following foster care and adoption compared to their non-American Indian White counterparts. Secondary data analysis was utilized to explore differences in grief and identity development among formerly fostered and adopted American Indian ( n = 129) and White ( n = 166) individuals. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses suggested a significa…
I am home. The circle is complete
Objective This study examined the underlying, unseen meanings accompanying the progressive verification of the reunification process experienced by American Indian fostered/adopted relatives who were separated from family of origin as children. Background Reunification is most often explored as an outcome (i.e., a result) and few studies examine the process of reunification (i.e., what happens or what facilitates it) or the underlying meaning of …
I walk in the way of my ancestors
Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of reunification with extended family and tribe for American Indian/Alaska Native relatives who were fostered and/or adopted as children, including how the reunification occurred, what reunification was like for them, and the feelings and changes associated with the experience of reunification. Background Reunification is often studied as a permanency outcome drawn from administra…
Child Welfare and Adoption (11 works) · Psychology (8 works) · Sociology (8 works) · Political science (7 works) · Child Abuse and Trauma (6 works) · Gender Studies (5 works) · Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health (5 works) · Medicine (5 works) · Developmental psychology (4 works) · Family reunification (4 works)