Earl S Ford
Biographic Data
| ID | 1405333 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Earl S Ford |
| GIVEN NAMES | Earl S |
| FAMILY NAME | Ford |
| SIGNATURE | FORD E S |
| AFFILIATIONS | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 30 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 24 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1991 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Proportional Representation and the Birth of the Australian Nation
In the lead‐up to Australian federation in 1901, debates about what electoral system the new polity should adopt were essentially debates about the character of Australian parliamentarism and the Australian people. Proportional Representation (PR) featured prominently, yet its importance tends to be underplayed by historians. The Australian discussions were a vibrant part of a wider transnational conversation about representation and democracy in…
Racial/ethnic disparities in self-reported short sleep duration among US-born and foreign-born adults
Among both US- and foreign-born adults, blacks and Asians had a higher likelihood of short sleep compared to whites. US-born Hispanics, but not foreign-born Hispanics, had a higher likelihood than their white counterparts. Future research should aim to uncover mechanisms underlying these disparities
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2014 Update
Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke, other vascular diseases, and their risk factors and presents them in its Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update. The Statistical Update is a critical resource for researchers, clinicians, h…
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Hospital Visits, and Comorbidities
COPD is associated with more emergency department visits, hospital stays, and comorbidities among RCF residents
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update
Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke, other vascular diseases, and their risk factors and presents them in its Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update*The Statistical Update is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, he…
Pulmonary function, chronic respiratory symptoms, and health-related quality of life among adults in the United States – National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2010
These results suggest the importance of chronic respiratory symptoms as potential risk factors for poor HRQOL and suggest improved symptom treatment and prevention efforts would likely improve HRQOL
Combined television viewing and computer use and mortality from all-causes and diseases of the circulatory system among adults in the United States
In the present study, screen time did not significantly predict mortality from all-causes and diseases of the circulatory system
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2011 Update
Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke, other vascular diseases, and their risk factors and presents them in its Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update. The Statistical Update is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, h…
Why have total cholesterol levels declined in most developed countries
In conclusion, diet change explains most of the historical falls in cholesterol. Until very recently, the contribution from statins has been surprisingly modest. Furthermore, many middle income countries may have neither the resources nor the infrastructure for mass statin therapy.Further substantial falls in cholesterol are therefore unlikely to be obtained simply by increased use of statins or dietary advice to individuals if unsupported by the…
Low-Risk Lifestyle Behaviors and All-Cause Mortality
Objectives. We examined the relationship between 4 low-risk behaviors—never smoked, healthy diet, adequate physical activity, and moderate alcohol consumption—and mortality in a representative sample of people in the United States. Methods. We used data from 16958 participants aged 17 years and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III Mortality Study from 1988 to 2006. Results. The number of low-risk behaviors was inverse…
Prevalence and clustering of metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults in Shanghai, China
These data indicate that multiple metabolic risk factors--individually or jointly--were more prevalent in diabetes patients than in controls. Further research will examine hypotheses concerning the high prevalence of IFG, family history, and central obesity, aiding development of multifaceted preventive strategies specific to this population
Physical activity and optimal self-rated health of adults with and without diabetes
Regular physical activity of adults, particularly adults with diabetes, is associated with optimal SRH. The findings of this study underscore the importance of advising and motivating adults with diabetes so that physical activity can be integrated into their lifestyle for diabetes care. Additionally, a population-based effort to promote physical activity in communities may benefit adults in general by improving their overall health and well-bein…
The prevalence and correlates of taking folic acid and vitamin supplements among adults aged ≥45 years with CVD
Objective To examine the prevalence and likelihood of taking folic acid or vitamin supplements among adults with CHD or stroke v. adults without these conditions. Design A cross-sectional Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System survey was conducted in twelve states of the United States and Puerto Rico in 2006. Self-reported data from participants were collected. Setting The United States. Subjects US non-institutionalised adults ( n 41 792), …
The impact of obesity on time spent with the provider and number of medications managed during office-based physician visits using a cross-sectional, national health survey
Time spent with the provider was found to be greater among visits with obese patients, but not significantly different from visits with non-obese patients. The number of medications for each visit was found to be significantly greater for visits where the patient was considered to be obese. Increased time for the visit and increased numbers of medication for each visit translate into increased costs. These findings document the impact of obesity …
Explaining the Decrease in U.S. Deaths from Coronary Disease, 1980–2000
BACKGROUND: Mortality from coronary heart disease in the United States has decreased substantially in recent decades. We conducted a study to determine how much of this decrease could be explained by the use of medical and surgical treatments as opposed to changes in cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: We applied a previously validated statistical model, IMPACT, to data on the use and effectiveness of specific cardiac treatments and on changes …
Association of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance with congestive heart failure
Objective: Congestive heart failure (CHF) has been associated with insulin resistance, but few studies have examined its relationship with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Little is known about whether insulin resistance explains the association between MetS and CHF. Design: Population-based, cross-sectional surveys. Setting: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Participants: Data from 5549 men and non-pregnant women age…
Natural disasters and older US adults with disabilities
We analysed 2003 and 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from New Orleans‐Metairie‐Kenner, LA to produce estimates of the number of community dwelling people aged 65 years or older with a disability and requiring special equipment. 4 Approximately, 47,840 (31.6 per cent) older adults with a disability and 24,938 (16.6 per cent) older adults requiring the use of special equipment were community dwelling and might require a…
Association between the metabolic syndrome and its components and gait speed among U.S. adults aged 50 years and older
Among women, gait speed impairment is associated with low HDL cholesterol and inversely with abdominal obesity. These associations may be sex-dependent and warrant further research
State of Disparities in Cardiovascular Health in the United States
Background— Reducing health disparities remains a major public health challenge in the United States. Having timely access to current data on disparities is important for policy and program development. Accordingly, we assessed the current magnitude of disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors in the United States. Methods and Results— Using national surveys, we determined CVD and risk factor prevalence and indexes of morbi…
Prevalence of Obesity, Diabetes, and Obesity-Related Health Risk Factors, 2001
CONTEXT: Obesity and diabetes are increasing in the United States. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of obesity and diabetes among US adults in 2001. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Random-digit telephone survey of 195 005 adults aged 18 years or older residing in all states participating in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 2001. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body mass index, based on self-reported weight and height and self-repo…
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Among US Adults
CONTEXT: The Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP III) highlights the importance of treating patients with the metabolic syndrome to prevent cardiovascular disease. Limited information is available about the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the United States, however. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syn…
Intentional Weight Loss and 13-Year Diabetes Incidence in Overweight Adults
Observational studies have established that obesity is associated with a substantially increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.1 Whether intentional weight loss reduces the risk of obese persons’ developing diabetes remains unclear, however. Two randomized controlled trials for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes in adults have included lifestyle intervention arms emphasizing modest weight loss.2,3 Relatively few observational studies …
Radon and lung cancer
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the cost-effectiveness of general and targeted strategies for residential radon testing and mitigation in the United States. METHODS: A decision-tree model was used to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of preventing radon-associated deaths from lung cancer. RESULTS: For a radon threshold of 4 pCi/L, the estimated costs to prevent 1 lung cancer death are about $3 million (154 lung cancer deaths prevented), or $4…
Physical Activity Behaviors in Lower and Higher Socioeconomic Status Populations
Few data on physical activity habits among populations of low socioeconomic status have been published. The authors studied physical activity habits--leisure-time physical activity, job-related physical activity, household physical activity, and walking--among 172 lower socioeconomic status women and 84 lower socioeconomic status men and compared their habits with those of 208 higher socioeconomic status women and 95 higher socioeconomic status m…
Low-Risk Lifestyle Behaviors and All-Cause Mortality
Objectives. We examined the relationship between 4 low-risk behaviors—never smoked, healthy diet, adequate physical activity, and moderate alcohol consumption—and mortality in a representative sample of people in the United States. Methods. We used data from 16958 participants aged 17 years and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III Mortality Study from 1988 to 2006. Results. The number of low-risk behaviors was inverse…
Natural disasters and older US adults with disabilities
We analysed 2003 and 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from New Orleans‐Metairie‐Kenner, LA to produce estimates of the number of community dwelling people aged 65 years or older with a disability and requiring special equipment. 4 Approximately, 47,840 (31.6 per cent) older adults with a disability and 24,938 (16.6 per cent) older adults requiring the use of special equipment were community dwelling and might require a…
Radon and lung cancer
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the cost-effectiveness of general and targeted strategies for residential radon testing and mitigation in the United States. METHODS: A decision-tree model was used to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of preventing radon-associated deaths from lung cancer. RESULTS: For a radon threshold of 4 pCi/L, the estimated costs to prevent 1 lung cancer death are about $3 million (154 lung cancer deaths prevented), or $4…
Racial/ethnic disparities in self-reported short sleep duration among US-born and foreign-born adults
Among both US- and foreign-born adults, blacks and Asians had a higher likelihood of short sleep compared to whites. US-born Hispanics, but not foreign-born Hispanics, had a higher likelihood than their white counterparts. Future research should aim to uncover mechanisms underlying these disparities
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Hospital Visits, and Comorbidities
COPD is associated with more emergency department visits, hospital stays, and comorbidities among RCF residents
Intentional Weight Loss and 13-Year Diabetes Incidence in Overweight Adults
Observational studies have established that obesity is associated with a substantially increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.1 Whether intentional weight loss reduces the risk of obese persons’ developing diabetes remains unclear, however. Two randomized controlled trials for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes in adults have included lifestyle intervention arms emphasizing modest weight loss.2,3 Relatively few observational studies …
Physical Activity Behaviors in Lower and Higher Socioeconomic Status Populations
Few data on physical activity habits among populations of low socioeconomic status have been published. The authors studied physical activity habits--leisure-time physical activity, job-related physical activity, household physical activity, and walking--among 172 lower socioeconomic status women and 84 lower socioeconomic status men and compared their habits with those of 208 higher socioeconomic status women and 95 higher socioeconomic status m…
Radon and lung cancer
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the cost-effectiveness of general and targeted strategies for residential radon testing and mitigation in the United States. METHODS: A decision-tree model was used to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of preventing radon-associated deaths from lung cancer. RESULTS: For a radon threshold of 4 pCi/L, the estimated costs to prevent 1 lung cancer death are about $3 million (154 lung cancer deaths prevented), or $4…
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Among US Adults
CONTEXT: The Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP III) highlights the importance of treating patients with the metabolic syndrome to prevent cardiovascular disease. Limited information is available about the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the United States, however. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syn…
Intentional Weight Loss and 13-Year Diabetes Incidence in Overweight Adults
Observational studies have established that obesity is associated with a substantially increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.1 Whether intentional weight loss reduces the risk of obese persons’ developing diabetes remains unclear, however. Two randomized controlled trials for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes in adults have included lifestyle intervention arms emphasizing modest weight loss.2,3 Relatively few observational studies …
Prevalence of Obesity, Diabetes, and Obesity-Related Health Risk Factors, 2001
CONTEXT: Obesity and diabetes are increasing in the United States. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of obesity and diabetes among US adults in 2001. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Random-digit telephone survey of 195 005 adults aged 18 years or older residing in all states participating in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 2001. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body mass index, based on self-reported weight and height and self-repo…
State of Disparities in Cardiovascular Health in the United States
Background— Reducing health disparities remains a major public health challenge in the United States. Having timely access to current data on disparities is important for policy and program development. Accordingly, we assessed the current magnitude of disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors in the United States. Methods and Results— Using national surveys, we determined CVD and risk factor prevalence and indexes of morbi…
Association between the metabolic syndrome and its components and gait speed among U.S. adults aged 50 years and older
Among women, gait speed impairment is associated with low HDL cholesterol and inversely with abdominal obesity. These associations may be sex-dependent and warrant further research
Explaining the Decrease in U.S. Deaths from Coronary Disease, 1980–2000
BACKGROUND: Mortality from coronary heart disease in the United States has decreased substantially in recent decades. We conducted a study to determine how much of this decrease could be explained by the use of medical and surgical treatments as opposed to changes in cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: We applied a previously validated statistical model, IMPACT, to data on the use and effectiveness of specific cardiac treatments and on changes …
Association of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance with congestive heart failure
Objective: Congestive heart failure (CHF) has been associated with insulin resistance, but few studies have examined its relationship with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Little is known about whether insulin resistance explains the association between MetS and CHF. Design: Population-based, cross-sectional surveys. Setting: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Participants: Data from 5549 men and non-pregnant women age…
Natural disasters and older US adults with disabilities
We analysed 2003 and 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from New Orleans‐Metairie‐Kenner, LA to produce estimates of the number of community dwelling people aged 65 years or older with a disability and requiring special equipment. 4 Approximately, 47,840 (31.6 per cent) older adults with a disability and 24,938 (16.6 per cent) older adults requiring the use of special equipment were community dwelling and might require a…
The impact of obesity on time spent with the provider and number of medications managed during office-based physician visits using a cross-sectional, national health survey
Time spent with the provider was found to be greater among visits with obese patients, but not significantly different from visits with non-obese patients. The number of medications for each visit was found to be significantly greater for visits where the patient was considered to be obese. Increased time for the visit and increased numbers of medication for each visit translate into increased costs. These findings document the impact of obesity …
Prevalence and clustering of metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults in Shanghai, China
These data indicate that multiple metabolic risk factors--individually or jointly--were more prevalent in diabetes patients than in controls. Further research will examine hypotheses concerning the high prevalence of IFG, family history, and central obesity, aiding development of multifaceted preventive strategies specific to this population
Physical activity and optimal self-rated health of adults with and without diabetes
Regular physical activity of adults, particularly adults with diabetes, is associated with optimal SRH. The findings of this study underscore the importance of advising and motivating adults with diabetes so that physical activity can be integrated into their lifestyle for diabetes care. Additionally, a population-based effort to promote physical activity in communities may benefit adults in general by improving their overall health and well-bein…
The prevalence and correlates of taking folic acid and vitamin supplements among adults aged ≥45 years with CVD
Objective To examine the prevalence and likelihood of taking folic acid or vitamin supplements among adults with CHD or stroke v. adults without these conditions. Design A cross-sectional Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System survey was conducted in twelve states of the United States and Puerto Rico in 2006. Self-reported data from participants were collected. Setting The United States. Subjects US non-institutionalised adults ( n 41 792), …
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2011 Update
Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke, other vascular diseases, and their risk factors and presents them in its Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update. The Statistical Update is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, h…
Why have total cholesterol levels declined in most developed countries
In conclusion, diet change explains most of the historical falls in cholesterol. Until very recently, the contribution from statins has been surprisingly modest. Furthermore, many middle income countries may have neither the resources nor the infrastructure for mass statin therapy.Further substantial falls in cholesterol are therefore unlikely to be obtained simply by increased use of statins or dietary advice to individuals if unsupported by the…
Low-Risk Lifestyle Behaviors and All-Cause Mortality
Objectives. We examined the relationship between 4 low-risk behaviors—never smoked, healthy diet, adequate physical activity, and moderate alcohol consumption—and mortality in a representative sample of people in the United States. Methods. We used data from 16958 participants aged 17 years and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III Mortality Study from 1988 to 2006. Results. The number of low-risk behaviors was inverse…
Combined television viewing and computer use and mortality from all-causes and diseases of the circulatory system among adults in the United States
In the present study, screen time did not significantly predict mortality from all-causes and diseases of the circulatory system
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update
Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke, other vascular diseases, and their risk factors and presents them in its Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update*The Statistical Update is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, he…
Pulmonary function, chronic respiratory symptoms, and health-related quality of life among adults in the United States – National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2010
These results suggest the importance of chronic respiratory symptoms as potential risk factors for poor HRQOL and suggest improved symptom treatment and prevention efforts would likely improve HRQOL
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2014 Update
Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke, other vascular diseases, and their risk factors and presents them in its Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update. The Statistical Update is a critical resource for researchers, clinicians, h…
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Hospital Visits, and Comorbidities
COPD is associated with more emergency department visits, hospital stays, and comorbidities among RCF residents
Racial/ethnic disparities in self-reported short sleep duration among US-born and foreign-born adults
Among both US- and foreign-born adults, blacks and Asians had a higher likelihood of short sleep compared to whites. US-born Hispanics, but not foreign-born Hispanics, had a higher likelihood than their white counterparts. Future research should aim to uncover mechanisms underlying these disparities
Proportional Representation and the Birth of the Australian Nation
In the lead‐up to Australian federation in 1901, debates about what electoral system the new polity should adopt were essentially debates about the character of Australian parliamentarism and the Australian people. Proportional Representation (PR) featured prominently, yet its importance tends to be underplayed by historians. The Australian discussions were a vibrant part of a wider transnational conversation about representation and democracy in…
Medicine (23 works) · Environmental health (17 works) · Population (14 works) · Internal Medicine (13 works) · Demography (11 works) · Gerontology (9 works) · Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins (8 works) · Obesity (8 works) · Internal Medicine (7 works) · Confidence interval (6 works)