Julie A Gazmararian
Biographic Data
| ID | 140748 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Julie A Gazmararian |
| GIVEN NAMES | Julie A |
| FAMILY NAME | Gazmararian |
| SIGNATURE | GAZMARARIAN J A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Emory University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6630-7273 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 44 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 42 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 44 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1991 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Implementation of Social Media Initiative in 2 Middle Schools
BACKGROUND: In response to escalating concerns about the pervasive use of digital media and research documenting the impact on adolescent well-being and academic performance, schools are exploring opportunities to reverse these concerning trends. Many schools respond with full or partial bans on social media use during the school day; however, there is limited guidance on implementing these policies. CONTRIBUTIONS TO PRACTICE: One Metro-Atlanta s…
Addressing the Community Resource and Social Service Needs of Families During the Covid-19 Pandemic
The Social, Demographic, and Clinical Predictors of Covid-19 Severity
The Impact of Covid ‐19 on Education Experiences of High School Students in Semi‐Rural Georgia
BACKGROUND: This study examines the consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on academic and career concerns of high school students; relationship between attendance and grades with educational concerns; and association between student perception of the pandemic and decision to attend school virtually or in-person. METHODS: Diverse students in grades 9-12 from two public high schools in semi-rural Georgia (n = 666) completed a survey shortly after schoo…
Factors That Influence Sleep Behaviors of High School Students
BACKGROUND: Inadequate sleep has been shown to have detrimental effects on academic performance, physical, mental, and emotional health among adolescents. Factors that influence sleep have been identified. However, most literature is currently limited to urban settings. This study sought to identify factors that influence sleep habits among high school students in a semi-rural community. METHODS: Twelve focus groups were conducted in-person with …
Examining the Relationship Between Health Behaviors of Adults and Preschool Children
Effects of Remote Education During the Covid ‐19 Pandemic on Young Children's Learning and Academic Behavior in Georgia
BACKGROUND: In Spring 2020, Georgia public schools implemented remote learning to manage the spread of COVID-19. This study explores the effects of remote schooling on the learning of young children in Georgia during the early COVID-19 pandemic from the perspectives of school administrators and essential working parents. METHODS: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted with eight school administrators and 26 essential working parents of chi…
The Relationships between Childhood Bullying, School Connectedness, and Adolescent Adiposity, the Fragile Families Child and Wellbeing Study
BACKGROUND: School environments are important to consider for children's health. This study aims to determine if childhood peer bullying and school connectedness are associated with adolescent adiposity. METHODS: A total of 3377 children from the age 9 child interview of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study had self-reported bullying and school connectedness data at age 9, height and weight measured at ages 9 and 15, and waist circumfer…
Impact of Covid ‐19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Students From 2 Semi‐Rural High Schools in Georgia
BACKGROUND: Concerns have been raised about the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of adolescents during an important developmental and social period in their lives. This study examines the mental health impact of the pandemic on high school students shortly after closure of public schools in spring 2020, and whether this impact varies by sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and grade level. METHODS: A cross-se…
Covid ‐19 Knowledge and Behavior Change among High School Students in Semi‐Rural Georgia
BACKGROUND: Many schools transitioned online to reduce viral spread and promote social distancing amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Remote learning may impact health behaviors and coping strategies among adolescents, including reduced physical activity and increased screen time. Social media and peers provide information about the pandemic to adolescents and may influence prevention behaviors. This study aims to assess adolescent knowledge and informat…
Impact of Weight Status on the Cardiopulmonary Fitness Outcome of a School‐Based Physical Activity Program
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of school-based physical activity interventions for improving cardiopulmonary fitness (CPF) of overweight and obese children is not well established. In this study, we evaluated whether overweight and obese children had similar changes in body mass index (BMI) and CPF as normal weight children after participating in a program for one academic year. METHODS: Using purposive sampling at the school level, we selected 16…
Nutrition Policies, Practices, and Environments in Low‐Income Georgia Elementary Schools, United States, 2015‐2017
BACKGROUND: A nutritious diet can prevent obesity and chronic disease and improve academic performance, yet many children have energy-dense, nutrient-poor diets. The objective of this study was to assess nutrition policies, practices, and environments in Georgia Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) elementary schools and compare them across school-level demographic characteristics. METHODS: We distributed a cross-sectiona…
Associations between the neighborhood social environment and obesity among adolescents
The dietary impact of introducing new retailers of fruits and vegetables into a community
Objective To investigate the potential dietary impact of the opening of new retailers of healthy foods. Design Systematic review of the peer-reviewed research literature. Setting References published before November 2015 were retrieved from MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases using keyword searches. Subjects The outcome of the review was change in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults. Results Of 3514 references retrieved, ninety-…
Prenatal and Postnatal Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among US Women
Impact of Improving Home Environments on Energy Intake and Physical Activity
Objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of an intervention targeting home food and activity environments to reduce energy intake and increase physical activity among overweight and obese patients from 3 community health centers in rural Georgia. Methods. We conducted a randomized controlled trial (n = 349) from 2011 to 2013, with follow-up at 6 and 12 months. Health coaches delivered the 16-week intervention by using tailored home environment p…
Relative validation of fruit and vegetable intake and fat intake among overweight and obese African-American women
Objective To compare commonly used dietary screeners for fat intake and fruit and vegetable intake with 24 h dietary recalls among low-income, overweight and obese African-American women. Design Three telephone interviews were completed; measures included two 24 h dietary recalls (a weekday and weekend day) using the Nutrition Data System for Research software, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System’s (BRFSS) Fruit and Vegetable Consumpti…
Revisiting Safe Sleep Recommendations for African-American Infants
What New Mothers Need to Know
Disparities in Mortality Rates Among US Infants Born Late Preterm or Early Term, 2003–2005
Text4baby Program
Comparing three body mass index classification systems to assess overweight and obesity in children and adolescents
There is a lack of consistency among the three main international systems in assessing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Appreciably different estimates of prevalence and associations with age and sex are obtained depending on which system is used. Future studies should assess how well each system reflects valid measures of body composition
A national study of socioeconomic status and tuberculosis rates by country of birth, United States, 1996–2005
Low SES is only weakly associated with TB among foreign-born persons in the United States. The traditional associations of TB with poverty are not sufficient to explain the epidemiology of TB among foreign-born persons in this country and perhaps in other developed countries. TB outreach and research efforts that focus only on low SES will miss an important segment of the foreign-born population
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Low-Income Women Considered High Priority for Receiving the Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Vaccine
Health Literacy and Functional Health Status Among Older Adults
BACKGROUND: Individuals with limited health literacy have less health knowledge, worse self-management skills, lower use of preventive services, and higher hospitalization rates. We evaluated the association between health literacy, self-reported physical and mental health functioning, and health-related activity limitations among new Medicare managed care enrollees. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 2923 enrollees was conducted in Cleveland, …
The Association Between Age and Health Literacy Among Elderly Persons
Functional health literacy was markedly lower among older age groups even after adjusting for differences in MMSE performance, newspaper reading frequency, health status, and visual acuity. Future studies should prospectively examine whether functional literacy declines with age and whether this is explained by declines in cognitive function
Functional Health Literacy and the Risk of Hospital Admission Among Medicare Managed Care Enrollees
Objectives. This study analyzed whether inadequate functional health literacy is an independent risk factor for hospital admission. Methods. We studied a prospective cohort of 3260 Medicare managed care enrollees. Results. Of the participants, 29.5% were hospitalized. The crude relative risk (RR) of hospitalization was higher for individuals with inadequate literacy (n = 800; RR = 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24, 1.65) and marginal lite…
Violence during pregnancy
OBJECTIVES: Standardized quantitative methods are needed to study occurrence and timing of violence in relation to pregnancy and to study the context in which pregnancy-related violence occurs. METHODS: Data from three published studies of prevalence of violence during pregnancy are used to illustrate ways to measure the association of violence in relation to pregnancy. RESULTS: Four patterns of violence in relation to pregnancy are identified, a…
Associations between the neighborhood social environment and obesity among adolescents
Impact of Improving Home Environments on Energy Intake and Physical Activity
Objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of an intervention targeting home food and activity environments to reduce energy intake and increase physical activity among overweight and obese patients from 3 community health centers in rural Georgia. Methods. We conducted a randomized controlled trial (n = 349) from 2011 to 2013, with follow-up at 6 and 12 months. Health coaches delivered the 16-week intervention by using tailored home environment p…
Comparing the predictive accuracy of health risk appraisal
BACKGROUND. From 1986 to 1987 the Carter Center of Emory University joined with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to develop a new, probability-based, adult health risk appraisal (HRA) instrument for the public domain. This new instrument is compared with the CDC HRA version to determine which is a more accurate predictor of mortality. METHODS. We compared predicted mortality risks from the CDC HRA and the Carter Center HRA with the observed …
Comparing the predictive accuracy of health risk appraisal
BACKGROUND. From 1986 to 1987 the Carter Center of Emory University joined with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to develop a new, probability-based, adult health risk appraisal (HRA) instrument for the public domain. This new instrument is compared with the CDC HRA version to determine which is a more accurate predictor of mortality. METHODS. We compared predicted mortality risks from the CDC HRA and the Carter Center HRA with the observed …
Race, women and depression
This article has two purposes. First, a rebuttal to those writers, including Irwin Hirsch, who criticize the current emphasis by relational analysts on the value of affective openness and affective honesty, particularly with regard to their use of clinical vignettes that vividly portray the analyst's use of self-revelation--as if these illustrations were revealing an endorsement of a naive and mindless invasion of the patient's psyche. The second…
The relationship between pregnancy intendedness and physical violence in mothers of newborns
OBJECTIVE: To determine if pregnancy intendedness is associated with physical violence, and to identify factors that modify this association. METHODS: Three to 6 months after delivery, we mailed a questionnaire to a population-based sample of 12,612 mothers of infants born during 1990 and 1991 in four states. We used multiple logistic regression to compute odds ratios. RESULTS: The state-specific prevalences (+/- standard error) of physical viole…
Prevalence of Violence Against Pregnant Women
OBJECTIVES: To summarize the methods and findings of studies examining the prevalence of violence against pregnant women and to synthesize these findings by comparing study characteristics for studies with similar and dissimilar results. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, POPLINE, Psychological Abstracts, and Sociological Abstracts databases were searched for all articles pertaining to violence during pregnancy for the period 1963 through August 1995. STUDY …
Receipt of Home Health Care After Early Discharge
Violence during pregnancy
OBJECTIVES: Standardized quantitative methods are needed to study occurrence and timing of violence in relation to pregnancy and to study the context in which pregnancy-related violence occurs. METHODS: Data from three published studies of prevalence of violence during pregnancy are used to illustrate ways to measure the association of violence in relation to pregnancy. RESULTS: Four patterns of violence in relation to pregnancy are identified, a…
Development of a brief test to measure functional health literacy
Health Literacy Among Medicare Enrollees in a Managed Care Organization
CONTEXT: Elderly patients may have limited ability to read and comprehend medical information pertinent to their health. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of low functional health literacy among community-dwelling Medicare enrollees in a national managed care organization. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Four Prudential HealthCare plans (Cleveland, Ohio; Houston, Tex; south Florida; Tampa, Fla). PARTICIPANTS: A total of 3260 new Med…
Violence and Reproductive Health
Pregnancy Intendedness and Physical Abuse Around the Time of Pregnancy
The Association Between Age and Health Literacy Among Elderly Persons
Functional health literacy was markedly lower among older age groups even after adjusting for differences in MMSE performance, newspaper reading frequency, health status, and visual acuity. Future studies should prospectively examine whether functional literacy declines with age and whether this is explained by declines in cognitive function
Why Do Women Douche? Results from a Qualitative Study
How contraceptive use patterns differ by pregnancy intention
Partner violence
Unintended Pregnancy in a Commercially Insured Population
Functional Health Literacy and the Risk of Hospital Admission Among Medicare Managed Care Enrollees
Objectives. This study analyzed whether inadequate functional health literacy is an independent risk factor for hospital admission. Methods. We studied a prospective cohort of 3260 Medicare managed care enrollees. Results. Of the participants, 29.5% were hospitalized. The crude relative risk (RR) of hospitalization was higher for individuals with inadequate literacy (n = 800; RR = 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24, 1.65) and marginal lite…
Health Literacy and Preventive Health Care Use Among Medicare Enrollees in a Managed Care Organization
BACKGROUND: Many older adults in Medicare managed care programs have low health literacy, and this may affect use of preventive services. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether older adults with inadequate health literacy were less likely to report receiving influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations, mammograms, and Papanicolaou smears than individuals with adequate health literacy after adjusting for other covariates. RESEARCH DESIGN: Cross-sectional su…
Health literacy and knowledge of chronic disease
Health Literacy and Functional Health Status Among Older Adults
BACKGROUND: Individuals with limited health literacy have less health knowledge, worse self-management skills, lower use of preventive services, and higher hospitalization rates. We evaluated the association between health literacy, self-reported physical and mental health functioning, and health-related activity limitations among new Medicare managed care enrollees. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 2923 enrollees was conducted in Cleveland, …
The prevalence of limited health literacy
A national study of socioeconomic status and tuberculosis rates by country of birth, United States, 1996–2005
Low SES is only weakly associated with TB among foreign-born persons in the United States. The traditional associations of TB with poverty are not sufficient to explain the epidemiology of TB among foreign-born persons in this country and perhaps in other developed countries. TB outreach and research efforts that focus only on low SES will miss an important segment of the foreign-born population
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Low-Income Women Considered High Priority for Receiving the Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Vaccine
What New Mothers Need to Know
Disparities in Mortality Rates Among US Infants Born Late Preterm or Early Term, 2003–2005
Text4baby Program
Medicine (40 works) · Psychology (22 works) · Environmental health (19 works) · Population (16 works) · Family medicine (14 works) · Demography (13 works) · Health care (13 works) · Gerontology (12 works) · Nursing (11 works) · Public health (11 works)