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Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund

Biographic Data

ID141007
NAMEGunn Elisabeth Birkelund
GIVEN NAMESGunn Elisabeth
FAMILY NAMEBirkelund
SIGNATUREBIRKELUND G E
AFFILIATIONSUniversity of Oslo
ORCID0000-0001-9382-8920
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS40
TOTAL CITATIONS419
AUTHOR COUNT39
EDITOR COUNT1
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR1992
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX11
  • Standards in sociology: A position statement at the 25 th anniversary of the European Academy of Sociology

    Open Access•Ozan Aksoy, G Manzo et al.•ARTICLE•Rationality and Society•2026

    This article is temporarily under embargo

  • The Counteracting Nature of Contextual Influences: Peer Effects and Offsetting Mechanisms in Schools

    Open Access•N T Borgen, Solveig T Borgen et al.•ARTICLE•Social Forces•2023•Cited by: 3•References: 51

    There is currently a mismatch between the theoretical expectations of peer effects held by many scholars and the quantitative empirical literature. This paper contributes to the understanding of peer effects by highlighting the oft-overlooked conceptual distinction between social influences and a well-defined causal effect; peers may influence one another via several potentially contradicting mechanisms that result in small overall causal peer ef…

  • Escaping one's disadvantage? Neighbourhoods, socioeconomic origin and children's adult life outcomes

    Open Access•Maria Brandén, Karen Haandrikman et al.•ARTICLE•European Sociological Review•2023•Cited by: 4•References: 34

    This study investigates if neighbourhoods can alter the strong relationship between parental background and children's adult outcomes. In particular, we examine if neighbourhood effects are heterogeneous in such a way that they are particularly important for children from disadvantaged backgrounds, and if school quality has a mediating effect in this equation. Using register data and individualized neighbourhoods, we follow five full birth cohort…

  • Ethnic inequalities in the transition from education to work: A longitudinal analysis of school, college and university graduates

    Open Access•Mats Lillehagen, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•British Journal of Education & Work•2022

    Each year, students graduate from schools, colleges and universities. Some find a job quickly -others do not. Delays in the transition from education to work have been associated with scarring effects and detrimental effects on later employment and career progression. Increasing numbers of graduates from universities and colleges are descendants of immigrants. The labour market performance of children of immigrants arguably constitutes an importa…

  • The intergenerational transmission of social advantage and disadvantage: Comprehensive evidence on the association of parents’ and children’s educational attainments, class, earnings, and status

    Open Access•A Mastekaasa, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•European Societies•2022•Cited by: 5•References: 9

    In recent years, multidimensional conceptualizations of social origin have become increasingsly common in social stratification research. We provide evidence on the associations between four origin measures, parents’ class, status, earnings and education on the one hand and the corresponding offspring measures on the other. We also extend previous research on differences in origin effects at different levels of the children’s educational attainme…

  • Spatial Assimilation at a Halt? Intergenerational Persistence in Neighborhood Contexts among Immigrant Minorities in Norway

    Open Access•A S Hermansen, Pål Oskar Hundebo et al.•ARTICLE•International Migration Review•2022•Cited by: 9•References: 66

    Spatial assimilation theory claims that immigrants’ acculturation and socioeconomic progress will lead to converging neighborhood attainment relative to non-migrant natives. Recently, it has been argued that equalization of local services and life chances across neighborhoods in egalitarian welfare states may delay spatial assimilation by reducing immigrants’ incentives to move out of low-income areas with many (co-ethnic) immigrant neighbors. In…

  • Gender Discrimination in Hiring: Evidence from a Cross-National Harmonized Field Experiment

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund, B Lancee et al.•ARTICLE•European Sociological Review•2022•Cited by: 11•References: 66

    Gender discrimination is often regarded as an important driver of women's disadvantage in the labour market, yet earlier studies show mixed results. However, because different studies employ different research designs, the estimates of discrimination cannot be compared across countries. By utilizing data from the first harmonized comparative field experiment on gender discrimination in hiring in six countries, we can directly compare employers' c…

  • Skal europeere begynne å snakke om «raser» igjen

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning•2021•Cited by: 1•References: 14

    DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone

  • Experience, stereotypes and discrimination. Employers’ reflections on their hiring behavior

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund, Lars E F Johannessen et al.•ARTICLE•European Societies•2020•Cited by: 11•References: 9

    This article explores the relationship between labor market discrimination, stereotypes and employers’ experiences with immigrant workers. Based on interviews with 58 employers, recruited as part of three randomized field experiments on ethnic discrimination in the Norwegian labor market, we find that experience matters in three distinct ways: first, employers with negative experiences with immigrant workers were unwilling to give job applicants …

  • Ethnic Composition of Schools and Students’ Educational Outcomes: Evidence from Sweden

    Open Access•Maria Brandén, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund et al.•ARTICLE•International Migration Review•2019•Cited by: 8•References: 56

    We examine the impact of ethnic school composition on students’ educational outcomes using Swedish population register data. We add to the literature on the consequences of ethnic school segregation for native and immigrant students by distinguishing social interaction effects from selection and environmental effects through one- and two-way fixed effects models. Our findings demonstrate that native and immigrant students’ grades are relatively u…

  • Do terrorist attacks affect ethnic discrimination in the labour market? Evidence from two randomized field experiments

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund, Tak Wing Chan et al.•ARTICLE•British Journal of Sociology•2019•Cited by: 12•References: 37

    Terrorist attacks are known to influence public opinion. But do they also change behaviour? We address this question by comparing the results of two identical randomized field experiments on ethnic discrimination in hiring that we conducted in Oslo. The first experiment was conducted before the 2011 terrorist attacks in Norway; the second experiment was conducted after the attacks. In both experiments, applicants with a typical Pakistani name wer…

  • Perfect for the Job? Overqualification of Immigrants and their Descendants in the Norwegian Labor Market

    Open Access•E Nick Larsen, Adrian Farner Rogne et al.•ARTICLE•Social Inclusion•2018•Cited by: 12•References: 4

    Compared to the majority population, studies have shown that non-western immigrants are more likely to work in jobs for which they are overqualified. These findings are based on coarse measures of jobs, and an important question is how sensitive these findings are to the definition of jobs. By using detailed information from Norwegian register data 2014, we provide a methodological innovation in comparing individuals working in the same occupatio…

  • Rational Laziness - When Time Is Limited, Supply Abundant, and Decisions Have to Be Made

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Analyse & Kritik•2016•Cited by: 6

    This paper expands the model of rational action by introducing a new concept. rational laziness, to better understand actors’ decision making. In addition to rational information processing, human beings often rely on automatic and lion-cognitive mental capacities, and I use the term mental laziness to account for information processing based on these capacities. When time is limited, supply abundant, and decisions have to be made, mental lazines…

  • Additive or Multiplicative Disadvantage? The Scarring Effects of Unemployment for Ethnic Minorities

    Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund, Kristian Heggebø et al.•ARTICLE•European Sociological Review•2016•Cited by: 7•References: 36

    Previous research has documented that unemployed job applicants have problems re-entering the labour market, commonly referred to as scarring effects of unemployment. Studies have also documented ethnic discrimination in the labour market. Yet, we do not know how these categories jointly shape employers hiring decisions. Thus, we do not know if unemployed minorities face an additive or a multiplicative disadvantage in hiring processes. Building o…

  • Norsk Sosiologforenings hederspris 2015 tildeles Gunhild Hagestad

    Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Sosiologisk tidsskrift•2015

  • The Impact of Immigrant Classmates on Educational Outcomes

    A S Hermansen, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Social Forces•2015

    Despite a growing empirical literature on the relationship between immigrant concentration in schools and student achievement, few studies address longer-run outcomes. Using Norwegian registry data, this study addresses the causal impact of immigrant classmates on educational attainment in young adulthood, as well as academic track enrollment and educational achievement in school, within six entire student cohorts in their final tenth grade of co…

  • Diskriminering i arbeidslivet - Resultater fra randomiserte felteksperiment i Oslo, Stavanger, Bergen og Trondheim

    Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund, Jon Rogstad et al.•ARTICLE•Sosiologisk tidsskrift•2014

  • Fra utdanning til sysselsetting - En forløpsanalyse av indiske og pakistanske etterkommere i Norge

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund, Mats Lillehagen et al.•ARTICLE•Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning•2014•Cited by: 2•References: 25

    De senere årene har stadig flere norskfødte barn av innvandrere fullført utdanning og kvalifisert seg til deltakelse i arbeidsmarkedet. Vi analyserer, separat for kvinner og menn, overgangen fra utdanning til sysselsetting blant etterkommere av indiske og pakistanske innvandrere, og undersøker tiden det tar fra de er ferdig utdannet til de finner arbeid. Vi sammenligner dem med et 10 prosents tilfeldig utvalg av majoritetsbefolkningen. Resultaten…

  • Class and Stratification Analysis

    Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•BOOK•Class and Stratification Analysis…•2013

    This volume of Comparative Social Research emphasizes unsolved issues and new developments within class and stratification analysis, discussing both theoretical and methodological innovations and revisions

  • Norsk sosiologforenings hederspris 2013 tildeles Knud Knudsen

    Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Sosiologisk tidsskrift•2013

  • Social Status in Norway

    Tak Wing Chan, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund et al.•ARTICLE•European Sociological Review•2011•Cited by: 6•References: 16

    We estimate a status order for contemporary Norway using register data on married and cohabiting couples. By applying multi-dimensional scaling to contingency tables that cross-classify the occupation of spouses and cohabiting partners, we are able to extract a dimension that could reasonably be interpreted as reflecting social status in the classical Weberian sense. The general contour of the Norwegian status order and that of the United Kingdom…

  • Norsk sosiologforenings hederspris 2010 Gudmund Hernes

    Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Sosiologisk tidsskrift•2010

  • The Equalizing Effect of Wives' Earnings on Inequalities in Earnings Among Households

    Open Access•A Mastekaasa, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•European Societies•2010•Cited by: 5•References: 4

    Since the 1970s, inequalities in earnings among men have risen in many countries. In the same period, married women's labour force participation has increased. This may affect inequality in household earnings in three ways, related to (a) the degree of inequality in women's earnings, (b) the share of women's earnings of total household earnings, and (c) the correlation of wife's and husband's earnings. Using Annual Norwegian Labour Force Surveys …

  • Agentbasert modellering en del av samfunnsvitenskapenes verktøykasse

    Open Access•Per Arne Tufte, Torkild Hovde Lyngstad et al.•ARTICLE•Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning•2010

    Agentbasert modellering – en del av samfunnsvitenskapenes verktøykasse\nI denne artikkelen introduserer vi agentbaserte modeller og gir eksempler på hvordan slike modeller har vært brukt i analyser av sosiale fenomener. Agentbaserte modeller er databaserte simuleringsmodeller som definerer et sett med agenter som handler og samhandler innenfor bestemte omgivelser. Med utgangspunkt i dette kan en studere hvordan det genereres samhandlingsmønstre o…

  • Employment Inequalities Through Busts and Booms: The Changing Roles of Health and Education in Norway 1980-2005

    Open Access•Kjetil A Van Der Wel, Espen Dahl et al.•ARTICLE•Acta Sociologica•2010•Cited by: 9•References: 27

    In this article, we study trends in employment by education and longstanding illness (LSI), and discuss whether the findings are compatible with business cycle fluctuations or postindustrial labour market developments. Our analyses are based on data on the working age population (aged 25-66 years) from the Norwegian Survey of Living Conditions (1980-2005). We find increasing differences in employment between those reporting LSI and those who do n…

Next
  • The Gender Gap in Workplace Authority: A Cross-National Study

    Erik Olin Wright, J Baxter et al.•ARTICLE•American Sociological Review•1995•Cited by: 133•References: 7

    We explore a range of issues concerning the gender gap in workplace authority in seven countries (the United Stares, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, Sweden, Norway and Japan). There are six main empirical conclusions. First, there is considerable cross-national variation in the gender gap in authority: The gap is lowest in the four English-speaking countries (especially the United States and Australia) and highest in Japan. Second, the gen…

  • Does the Ethnic Composition of Upper Secondary Schools Influence Educational Achievement and Attainment? A Multilevel Analysis of the Norwegian Case

    N Fekjaer, Silje Noack Fekjær et al.•ARTICLE•European Sociological Review•2007•Cited by: 39

    This article examines the effect of ethnic composition in upper secondary school on students’ grades (educational achievement) and their subsequent educational choices (educational attainment), using multilevel analysis. The data set includes all non-vocational students graduating from upper secondary schools in Oslo in 2001, 2002, and 2003, and contains detailed information on individuals’ educational choices, grades and ethnic and socio-economi…

  • Employment and Caring in British and Norwegian banking: An Exploration Through Individual Careers

    Open Access•Rosemary Crompton, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2000•Cited by: 30•References: 16

    The continuing expansion of women's employment has increasingly focused attention on the question of how the caring work traditionally carried out by unpaid women will be accomplished. In particular, how can caring responsibilities be combined with a long-term career? In this paper, we assess the significance of the national context through a comparison of the biographies of career bank managers, male and female, in Britain and Norway. We find th…

  • Health inequalities in later life in a social democratic welfare state

    Open Access•Espen Dahl, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Social Science & Medicine•1997•Cited by: 25•References: 24

  • Women's Part-Time Work: A Cross-National Comparison

    Rachel A Rosenfeld, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•European Sociological Review•1995•Cited by: 24

    Since the mid-twentieth century, part-time work has increased more than full-time work in most advanced capitalist countries. Part-time work is still mostly women's work, yet the level of part-time employment varies across nations, from approximately one-fifth of employed US women, to more than half of employed Norwegian women in the 1980s. In this article, we discuss how country-level labour demand, work and family policies, and political and la…

  • The Latent Structure of Job Characteristics of Men and Women

    Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund, Leo A Goodman et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Sociology•1996•Cited by: 22

    Interesting gender differences are found in this article in the observed patterns of the job characteristics that are considered here, characteristics of men's jobs and characteristics of women's jobs. By applying the methods of latent structure analysis to analyze data on job characteristics obtained in a British national survey, the authors find that, for both the men and women employees considered here, there are underlying latent variables th…

  • Do terrorist attacks affect ethnic discrimination in the labour market? Evidence from two randomized field experiments

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund, Tak Wing Chan et al.•ARTICLE•British Journal of Sociology•2019•Cited by: 12•References: 37

    Terrorist attacks are known to influence public opinion. But do they also change behaviour? We address this question by comparing the results of two identical randomized field experiments on ethnic discrimination in hiring that we conducted in Oslo. The first experiment was conducted before the 2011 terrorist attacks in Norway; the second experiment was conducted after the attacks. In both experiments, applicants with a typical Pakistani name wer…

  • Perfect for the Job? Overqualification of Immigrants and their Descendants in the Norwegian Labor Market

    Open Access•E Nick Larsen, Adrian Farner Rogne et al.•ARTICLE•Social Inclusion•2018•Cited by: 12•References: 4

    Compared to the majority population, studies have shown that non-western immigrants are more likely to work in jobs for which they are overqualified. These findings are based on coarse measures of jobs, and an important question is how sensitive these findings are to the definition of jobs. By using detailed information from Norwegian register data 2014, we provide a methodological innovation in comparing individuals working in the same occupatio…

  • Gender Discrimination in Hiring: Evidence from a Cross-National Harmonized Field Experiment

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund, B Lancee et al.•ARTICLE•European Sociological Review•2022•Cited by: 11•References: 66

    Gender discrimination is often regarded as an important driver of women's disadvantage in the labour market, yet earlier studies show mixed results. However, because different studies employ different research designs, the estimates of discrimination cannot be compared across countries. By utilizing data from the first harmonized comparative field experiment on gender discrimination in hiring in six countries, we can directly compare employers' c…

  • Experience, stereotypes and discrimination. Employers’ reflections on their hiring behavior

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund, Lars E F Johannessen et al.•ARTICLE•European Societies•2020•Cited by: 11•References: 9

    This article explores the relationship between labor market discrimination, stereotypes and employers’ experiences with immigrant workers. Based on interviews with 58 employers, recruited as part of three randomized field experiments on ethnic discrimination in the Norwegian labor market, we find that experience matters in three distinct ways: first, employers with negative experiences with immigrant workers were unwilling to give job applicants …

  • Who marries whom? Educational homogamy in Norway

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund, Johan Heldal•ARTICLE•Demographic Research•2003•Cited by: 11

    A number of previous studies have documented a fairly high level of marital homogamy in Norway. Most of these studies, however, have been local and ethnographic, or based on national data measuring homogamy within a limited time period. This study

  • Stratification and Segregation

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Acta Sociologica•1992•Cited by: 11•References: 27

    In addition to social class, occupational sex segregation is a structural source of inequality in the labour market This article is an attempt to examine the extent of occupational sex segregation within the Norwegian class structure The results give clear evidence of the impact that gender has on the structuring of occupations, and demonstrate empirically the extent of occupational sex segregation which exists within class boundaries as defined …

  • Spatial Assimilation at a Halt? Intergenerational Persistence in Neighborhood Contexts among Immigrant Minorities in Norway

    Open Access•A S Hermansen, Pål Oskar Hundebo et al.•ARTICLE•International Migration Review•2022•Cited by: 9•References: 66

    Spatial assimilation theory claims that immigrants’ acculturation and socioeconomic progress will lead to converging neighborhood attainment relative to non-migrant natives. Recently, it has been argued that equalization of local services and life chances across neighborhoods in egalitarian welfare states may delay spatial assimilation by reducing immigrants’ incentives to move out of low-income areas with many (co-ethnic) immigrant neighbors. In…

  • Employment Inequalities Through Busts and Booms: The Changing Roles of Health and Education in Norway 1980-2005

    Open Access•Kjetil A Van Der Wel, Espen Dahl et al.•ARTICLE•Acta Sociologica•2010•Cited by: 9•References: 27

    In this article, we study trends in employment by education and longstanding illness (LSI), and discuss whether the findings are compatible with business cycle fluctuations or postindustrial labour market developments. Our analyses are based on data on the working age population (aged 25-66 years) from the Norwegian Survey of Living Conditions (1980-2005). We find increasing differences in employment between those reporting LSI and those who do n…

  • Ethnic Composition of Schools and Students’ Educational Outcomes: Evidence from Sweden

    Open Access•Maria Brandén, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund et al.•ARTICLE•International Migration Review•2019•Cited by: 8•References: 56

    We examine the impact of ethnic school composition on students’ educational outcomes using Swedish population register data. We add to the literature on the consequences of ethnic school segregation for native and immigrant students by distinguishing social interaction effects from selection and environmental effects through one- and two-way fixed effects models. Our findings demonstrate that native and immigrant students’ grades are relatively u…

  • Additive or Multiplicative Disadvantage? The Scarring Effects of Unemployment for Ethnic Minorities

    Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund, Kristian Heggebø et al.•ARTICLE•European Sociological Review•2016•Cited by: 7•References: 36

    Previous research has documented that unemployed job applicants have problems re-entering the labour market, commonly referred to as scarring effects of unemployment. Studies have also documented ethnic discrimination in the labour market. Yet, we do not know how these categories jointly shape employers hiring decisions. Thus, we do not know if unemployed minorities face an additive or a multiplicative disadvantage in hiring processes. Building o…

  • Rational Laziness - When Time Is Limited, Supply Abundant, and Decisions Have to Be Made

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Analyse & Kritik•2016•Cited by: 6

    This paper expands the model of rational action by introducing a new concept. rational laziness, to better understand actors’ decision making. In addition to rational information processing, human beings often rely on automatic and lion-cognitive mental capacities, and I use the term mental laziness to account for information processing based on these capacities. When time is limited, supply abundant, and decisions have to be made, mental lazines…

  • Social Status in Norway

    Tak Wing Chan, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund et al.•ARTICLE•European Sociological Review•2011•Cited by: 6•References: 16

    We estimate a status order for contemporary Norway using register data on married and cohabiting couples. By applying multi-dimensional scaling to contingency tables that cross-classify the occupation of spouses and cohabiting partners, we are able to extract a dimension that could reasonably be interpreted as reflecting social status in the classical Weberian sense. The general contour of the Norwegian status order and that of the United Kingdom…

  • Welfare states and social inequality: Key issues in contemporary cross-national research on social stratification and mobility

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Research in Social Stratification…•2006•Cited by: 6•References: 23

  • The intergenerational transmission of social advantage and disadvantage: Comprehensive evidence on the association of parents’ and children’s educational attainments, class, earnings, and status

    Open Access•A Mastekaasa, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•European Societies•2022•Cited by: 5•References: 9

    In recent years, multidimensional conceptualizations of social origin have become increasingsly common in social stratification research. We provide evidence on the associations between four origin measures, parents’ class, status, earnings and education on the one hand and the corresponding offspring measures on the other. We also extend previous research on differences in origin effects at different levels of the children’s educational attainme…

  • The Equalizing Effect of Wives' Earnings on Inequalities in Earnings Among Households

    Open Access•A Mastekaasa, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•European Societies•2010•Cited by: 5•References: 4

    Since the 1970s, inequalities in earnings among men have risen in many countries. In the same period, married women's labour force participation has increased. This may affect inequality in household earnings in three ways, related to (a) the degree of inequality in women's earnings, (b) the share of women's earnings of total household earnings, and (c) the correlation of wife's and husband's earnings. Using Annual Norwegian Labour Force Surveys …

  • Between Tradition and Modernization: Attitudes Toward Women's Employment and Gender Roles in Croatia

    Marija Brajdić-Vuković, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of Sociology•2007•Cited by: 5•References: 1

    Despite the fact that state socialism promoted the employment of women and, at least formally, gender equality as means of societal modernization, the prevailing picture of the Southeast European region is one of rather traditional, patriarchic societies. The postcommunist transition was characterized by high social costs and political attempts at retraditionalization, particularly through the increasingly public role of religion. At the same tim…

  • Escaping one's disadvantage? Neighbourhoods, socioeconomic origin and children's adult life outcomes

    Open Access•Maria Brandén, Karen Haandrikman et al.•ARTICLE•European Sociological Review•2023•Cited by: 4•References: 34

    This study investigates if neighbourhoods can alter the strong relationship between parental background and children's adult outcomes. In particular, we examine if neighbourhood effects are heterogeneous in such a way that they are particularly important for children from disadvantaged backgrounds, and if school quality has a mediating effect in this equation. Using register data and individualized neighbourhoods, we follow five full birth cohort…

  • The Counteracting Nature of Contextual Influences: Peer Effects and Offsetting Mechanisms in Schools

    Open Access•N T Borgen, Solveig T Borgen et al.•ARTICLE•Social Forces•2023•Cited by: 3•References: 51

    There is currently a mismatch between the theoretical expectations of peer effects held by many scholars and the quantitative empirical literature. This paper contributes to the understanding of peer effects by highlighting the oft-overlooked conceptual distinction between social influences and a well-defined causal effect; peers may influence one another via several potentially contradicting mechanisms that result in small overall causal peer ef…

  • Fra utdanning til sysselsetting - En forløpsanalyse av indiske og pakistanske etterkommere i Norge

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund, Mats Lillehagen et al.•ARTICLE•Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning•2014•Cited by: 2•References: 25

    De senere årene har stadig flere norskfødte barn av innvandrere fullført utdanning og kvalifisert seg til deltakelse i arbeidsmarkedet. Vi analyserer, separat for kvinner og menn, overgangen fra utdanning til sysselsetting blant etterkommere av indiske og pakistanske innvandrere, og undersøker tiden det tar fra de er ferdig utdannet til de finner arbeid. Vi sammenligner dem med et 10 prosents tilfeldig utvalg av majoritetsbefolkningen. Resultaten…

  • Stratification and Segregation

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Acta Sociologica•1992•Cited by: 11•References: 27

    In addition to social class, occupational sex segregation is a structural source of inequality in the labour market This article is an attempt to examine the extent of occupational sex segregation within the Norwegian class structure The results give clear evidence of the impact that gender has on the structuring of occupations, and demonstrate empirically the extent of occupational sex segregation which exists within class boundaries as defined …

  • The Gender Gap in Workplace Authority: A Cross-National Study

    Erik Olin Wright, J Baxter et al.•ARTICLE•American Sociological Review•1995•Cited by: 133•References: 7

    We explore a range of issues concerning the gender gap in workplace authority in seven countries (the United Stares, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, Sweden, Norway and Japan). There are six main empirical conclusions. First, there is considerable cross-national variation in the gender gap in authority: The gap is lowest in the four English-speaking countries (especially the United States and Australia) and highest in Japan. Second, the gen…

  • Women's Part-Time Work: A Cross-National Comparison

    Rachel A Rosenfeld, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•European Sociological Review•1995•Cited by: 24

    Since the mid-twentieth century, part-time work has increased more than full-time work in most advanced capitalist countries. Part-time work is still mostly women's work, yet the level of part-time employment varies across nations, from approximately one-fifth of employed US women, to more than half of employed Norwegian women in the 1980s. In this article, we discuss how country-level labour demand, work and family policies, and political and la…

  • The Latent Structure of Job Characteristics of Men and Women

    Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund, Leo A Goodman et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Sociology•1996•Cited by: 22

    Interesting gender differences are found in this article in the observed patterns of the job characteristics that are considered here, characteristics of men's jobs and characteristics of women's jobs. By applying the methods of latent structure analysis to analyze data on job characteristics obtained in a British national survey, the authors find that, for both the men and women employees considered here, there are underlying latent variables th…

  • Health inequalities in later life in a social democratic welfare state

    Open Access•Espen Dahl, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Social Science & Medicine•1997•Cited by: 25•References: 24

  • Employment and Caring in British and Norwegian banking: An Exploration Through Individual Careers

    Open Access•Rosemary Crompton, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2000•Cited by: 30•References: 16

    The continuing expansion of women's employment has increasingly focused attention on the question of how the caring work traditionally carried out by unpaid women will be accomplished. In particular, how can caring responsibilities be combined with a long-term career? In this paper, we assess the significance of the national context through a comparison of the biographies of career bank managers, male and female, in Britain and Norway. We find th…

  • A Class Analysis for the Future? Comment on Grusky and Weeden: Decomposition Without Death: A Research Agenda for a New Class Analysis

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Acta Sociologica•2002•Cited by: 2•References: 13

    As the Marxian project falls out of favour, scholars have therefore settled into some version of Weberianism or postmodernism, neither of which pays much attention to occupation-level structuration. We have outlined a quasi-Durheimian third road that refocuses attention on local forms of structuration within the division of labor. (Grusky & Weeden 2001:214)

  • Who marries whom? Educational homogamy in Norway

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund, Johan Heldal•ARTICLE•Demographic Research•2003•Cited by: 11

    A number of previous studies have documented a fairly high level of marital homogamy in Norway. Most of these studies, however, have been local and ethnographic, or based on national data measuring homogamy within a limited time period. This study

  • Paradoxes of Welfare States and Equal Opportunities: Gender and Managerial Power in Norway and the Usa

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund, Toril Sandnes•CHAPTER•Comparative studies of culture…•2005

    A number of studies show that women are underrepresented in positions of power and authority in the labour markets of Western societies. Comparative studies within this field are few, and based on data from the 1980s, showing larger gender differences in workplace authority in the Scandinavian countries than in English-speaking countries (especially the U.S.). In this paper we use data from the International Social Survey Programme 1997 to descri…

  • Norsk sosiologforenings hederspris 2005 til Nils Christie

    Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Sosiologisk tidsskrift•2005

    magistergraden i sosiologi i 1952 og ble Dr. philos.i 1960.Han har en svaert omfattende faglig produksjon (publika

  • Welfare states and social inequality: Key issues in contemporary cross-national research on social stratification and mobility

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Research in Social Stratification…•2006•Cited by: 6•References: 23

  • Norsk sosiologforenings hederspris 2007 til Ole-Jørgen Skog

    Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Sosiologisk tidsskrift•2007

  • Between Tradition and Modernization: Attitudes Toward Women's Employment and Gender Roles in Croatia

    Marija Brajdić-Vuković, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of Sociology•2007•Cited by: 5•References: 1

    Despite the fact that state socialism promoted the employment of women and, at least formally, gender equality as means of societal modernization, the prevailing picture of the Southeast European region is one of rather traditional, patriarchic societies. The postcommunist transition was characterized by high social costs and political attempts at retraditionalization, particularly through the increasingly public role of religion. At the same tim…

  • Does the Ethnic Composition of Upper Secondary Schools Influence Educational Achievement and Attainment? A Multilevel Analysis of the Norwegian Case

    N Fekjaer, Silje Noack Fekjær et al.•ARTICLE•European Sociological Review•2007•Cited by: 39

    This article examines the effect of ethnic composition in upper secondary school on students’ grades (educational achievement) and their subsequent educational choices (educational attainment), using multilevel analysis. The data set includes all non-vocational students graduating from upper secondary schools in Oslo in 2001, 2002, and 2003, and contains detailed information on individuals’ educational choices, grades and ethnic and socio-economi…

  • Norsk sosiologforenings hederspris 2009

    Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Sosiologisk tidsskrift•2009

  • Norsk sosiologforenings hederspris 2010 Gudmund Hernes

    Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Sosiologisk tidsskrift•2010

  • The Equalizing Effect of Wives' Earnings on Inequalities in Earnings Among Households

    Open Access•A Mastekaasa, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•European Societies•2010•Cited by: 5•References: 4

    Since the 1970s, inequalities in earnings among men have risen in many countries. In the same period, married women's labour force participation has increased. This may affect inequality in household earnings in three ways, related to (a) the degree of inequality in women's earnings, (b) the share of women's earnings of total household earnings, and (c) the correlation of wife's and husband's earnings. Using Annual Norwegian Labour Force Surveys …

  • Agentbasert modellering en del av samfunnsvitenskapenes verktøykasse

    Open Access•Per Arne Tufte, Torkild Hovde Lyngstad et al.•ARTICLE•Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning•2010

    Agentbasert modellering – en del av samfunnsvitenskapenes verktøykasse\nI denne artikkelen introduserer vi agentbaserte modeller og gir eksempler på hvordan slike modeller har vært brukt i analyser av sosiale fenomener. Agentbaserte modeller er databaserte simuleringsmodeller som definerer et sett med agenter som handler og samhandler innenfor bestemte omgivelser. Med utgangspunkt i dette kan en studere hvordan det genereres samhandlingsmønstre o…

  • Employment Inequalities Through Busts and Booms: The Changing Roles of Health and Education in Norway 1980-2005

    Open Access•Kjetil A Van Der Wel, Espen Dahl et al.•ARTICLE•Acta Sociologica•2010•Cited by: 9•References: 27

    In this article, we study trends in employment by education and longstanding illness (LSI), and discuss whether the findings are compatible with business cycle fluctuations or postindustrial labour market developments. Our analyses are based on data on the working age population (aged 25-66 years) from the Norwegian Survey of Living Conditions (1980-2005). We find increasing differences in employment between those reporting LSI and those who do n…

  • Social Status in Norway

    Tak Wing Chan, Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund et al.•ARTICLE•European Sociological Review•2011•Cited by: 6•References: 16

    We estimate a status order for contemporary Norway using register data on married and cohabiting couples. By applying multi-dimensional scaling to contingency tables that cross-classify the occupation of spouses and cohabiting partners, we are able to extract a dimension that could reasonably be interpreted as reflecting social status in the classical Weberian sense. The general contour of the Norwegian status order and that of the United Kingdom…

  • Class and Stratification Analysis

    Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•BOOK•Class and Stratification Analysis…•2013

    This volume of Comparative Social Research emphasizes unsolved issues and new developments within class and stratification analysis, discussing both theoretical and methodological innovations and revisions

  • Norsk sosiologforenings hederspris 2013 tildeles Knud Knudsen

    Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Sosiologisk tidsskrift•2013

  • Diskriminering i arbeidslivet - Resultater fra randomiserte felteksperiment i Oslo, Stavanger, Bergen og Trondheim

    Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund, Jon Rogstad et al.•ARTICLE•Sosiologisk tidsskrift•2014

  • Fra utdanning til sysselsetting - En forløpsanalyse av indiske og pakistanske etterkommere i Norge

    Open Access•Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund, Mats Lillehagen et al.•ARTICLE•Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning•2014•Cited by: 2•References: 25

    De senere årene har stadig flere norskfødte barn av innvandrere fullført utdanning og kvalifisert seg til deltakelse i arbeidsmarkedet. Vi analyserer, separat for kvinner og menn, overgangen fra utdanning til sysselsetting blant etterkommere av indiske og pakistanske innvandrere, og undersøker tiden det tar fra de er ferdig utdannet til de finner arbeid. Vi sammenligner dem med et 10 prosents tilfeldig utvalg av majoritetsbefolkningen. Resultaten…

  • Norsk Sosiologforenings hederspris 2015 tildeles Gunhild Hagestad

    Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund•ARTICLE•Sosiologisk tidsskrift•2015

Political science (26 works) · Economics (24 works) · Sociology (22 works) · Demographic economics (20 works) · Psychology (14 works) · Norwegian (12 works) · Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies (10 works) · Law (9 works) · Social Policy and Reform Studies (9 works) · Demography (8 works)

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