Mary P Ko
Biographic Data
| ID | 141365 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Mary P Ko |
| GIVEN NAMES | Mary P |
| FAMILY NAME | Ko |
| SIGNATURE | KO M P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Arizona |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9317-9318 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 86 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1202 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 86 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1973 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 16 |
Remaking justice after sexual violence: Essays in conventional, restorative, and innovative justice, by Kathleen Daly
Examining Sexual Exploitation in a National US Sample of LGBTQ+ Individuals Using the Revised Sexual Experiences Survey-Victimization
Sexual exploitation (SE) refers to sex acts imposed without freely given permission. Despite the elevated risks of SE experienced by LGBTQ+ individuals, limitations in many existing datasets and research reports preclude a comprehensive understanding by incorporating few LGBTQ+ individuals, not disaggregating by sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI), and using non-inclusive measures of SE items. This paper presents the first use of the 20…
Technology-Facilitated Sexual Exploitation Module of the SES-V: Prevalence and Differential Vulnerability Across Two U.S. National Samples
Sexual exploitation represents a significant public health problem. One form of sexual exploitation that warrants urgent attention is technology-facilitated sexual exploitation (TFSE), especially given rapid increases in digital technology and social media usage, particularly among young people. The newly updated Sexual Experiences Survey (SES-V), a measure of sexual exploitation, now includes a module to measure TFSE. Using data from an online s…
Survivor-victim perspectives on the possibility of restorative justice conferencing after sexual assault
Survivor-victim perspectives on the possibility of restorative justice conferencing after sexual assault Many have called to hear directly from the survivor-victim (SV) of sexual violence regarding their wants and needs after enduring this harmful experience. We previously reported on broad SV needs, perceptions of the extent needs are met, and criminal legal system (CLS) experiences. This qualitative study used the same sample (N = 11 CLS utilis…
Healing strategies of women who experienced sexual assault: A mixedmethod analysis
This study underscores the benefits of social support and specific strategies. Results suggest a positive relationship between the number of unwanted sexual experiences and coping strategies utilized. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)
Toward a More Gender-Inclusive Sexual Experiences Survey: Development and Preliminary Validation With Transgender and Gender-Expansive Survivors of Campus Sexual Assault
We adapted the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) to be more inclusive of transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive people and undertook preliminary validation of the measure. We added gender-neutral language, assault types thought to be more common and more emotionally impactful among these individuals, and coercion tactics specific to transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expensive people. We piloted this Gender-Inclusive SES (GI-SES) with an onli…
Quantifying Criminal Sexual Acts: The Illegal Sexual Exploitation Module of the Revised Sexual Experiences Survey-Victimization (SES-V) Measure
Since the initial development of the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) four decades ago, the SES has been designed to measure a range of forms of sexual exploitation, including acts that are coercive but not legally sanctioned as well as acts that legally qualify as crimes. That feature was retained in the revised Sexual Experiences Survey-Victimization (SES-V) measure. This article reviews the theoretical and empirical literature that guided the d…
The Revised Sexual Experiences Survey Victimization Version (SES-V): Conceptualization, Modifications, Items and Scoring
The Sexual Experiences Survey [SES] is considered the gold standard measure of non-consensual sexual experiences. This article introduces a new victimization version [SES-V] developed by a multidisciplinary collaboration, the first revision since 2007. The 2024 SES-V is designed to measure the construct of sexual exploitation since the 14th birthday. Notable revisions are adoption of a freely given permission standard for non-consent, introductio…
Words Can Hurt: A Taxonomy of Verbally Pressured Sexual Exploitation in the SES-V
This article describes the development of the Verbally Pressured Sexual Exploitation module of the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES)-Victimization (introduced by Koss et al., 2024). This module assesses the use of verbal or nonphysical, paraverbal pressure to obtain sexual acts without freely given permission. An interdisciplinary team of seven sexual exploitation researchers collaborated to create this module, with consultation from the full 15 me…
Preliminary Prevalence Estimates of Sexual Exploitation as Measured by the Sexual Experiences Survey-Victimization (SES-V) in a National US Sample
The new Sexual Experiences Survey-Victimization (SES-V) was designed to capture a larger range of sexual exploitation and to be applicable to more diverse populations than prior measures. This study represents the first administration of the SES-V in a national sample of adults ( N = 347). Participants were recruited from a crowdsourcing platform and selected to reflect the national distribution in terms of age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Rates of …
Preliminary Evidence of Validity for the Verbally Pressured and Illegal Sexual Exploitation Modules of the Sexual Experiences Survey-Victimization
The Sexual Experiences Survey-Victimization (SES-V; see Koss et al., 2024) revises the prior 2007 Sexual Experiences Survey-Short Form Victimization (SES-SFV) in many ways, including expanded measurement of verbally pressured and illegal sexual exploitation, as well as the addition of items that assess being made to perform a sexual act or to penetrate another person sexually. The current article describes two initial validity studies of the SES-…
Innovative Services for Survivors of Sexual Violence: Mapping New Pathways Forward
Ensuring that support and services are meeting the needs of survivor-victims (SV) of sexual assault requires that policymakers, service providers, and advocates seek their insight directly. This article reports qualitative results on self-perceived needs from SV focus groups conducted in the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States (Phoenix, Arizona). Interviews with key informants (KIs) drawn from the service and justice sector were …
Factors predictive of sexual violence: Testing the four pillars of the Confluence Model in a large diverse sample of college men
This article focuses on the characteristics of sexually violent men who have not been convicted of a crime. The objective of this study was to test the four key interrelated pillars of the Confluence Model. The first key pillar posits the interaction of Hostile Masculinity and Impersonal Sex as core risk predictors. The second pillar entails a "mediated structure" wherein the impact of more general risk factors is mediated via those specific to a…
Reprint Of: Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study
Developing and implementing a treatment intervention for college students found responsible for sexual misconduct
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to summarize the development of a treatment program for students found responsible of sexual misconduct. Design/methodology/approach This project, supported by the SMART (Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering and Tracking) of the Department of Justice, was requested by The White House toward the end of President Obama’s last term and was intended to identify the confluence of…
Victim voice in reenvisioning responses to sexual and physicalviolence nationally and internationally
Internationally and in the United States many victims of sexual assault and domestic violence are unserved, underserved, or ill-served, especially those from the most vulnerable populations. Programs developed in the United States are routinely exported to developing countries but often without success. Notably, the failures seen internationally resemble those in the United States and are related to structural and attitudinal-cultural factors. Ma…
Campus Sexual Misconduct: Restorative Justice Approaches to Enhance Compliance With Title IX Guidance
Campus response to sexual violence is increasingly governed by federal law and administrative guidance such as the 1972 Title IX, the 2011 Dear Colleague Letter (DCL), and the 2013 Violence Against Women Act. Educational institutions are directed to expand disciplinary responses and establish coordinated action to eliminate sexual violence and remedy its effects. Compliance fosters a quasi-criminal justice approach not suited to all sexual miscon…
Sexual and dating violence among adolescents and young adults in Chile: A review of findings from a survey of university students
This paper synthesises and discusses results from the 2005 Survey of Student Well-Being, a closed-ended questionnaire administered to students attending general education courses at a major public university in Santiago (n = 484 women, 466 men). The survey included questions on sexual violence (SV) and dating violence (DV), public health problems that have received little attention in Chile and other Latin-American countries. This paper highlight…
Testing a multiple mediator model of the effect of childhood sexual abuse on adolescent sexual victimization
The present study modeled the direct relationship between child sexual abuse (CSA) and adolescent peer-to-peer sexual victimization (APSV) and the mediated effect via variables representing the number of sexual partners, sexual risk behavior, and signaling sexual boundaries. A cross-sectional study on the effect of CSA on APSV was conducted, utilizing a multiple mediator model. Mediated and direct effects in the model were estimated employing Mpl…
Unwanted Sexual Experiences in Young Men: Evidence from a Survey of University Students in Chile
From Parallel to Intersecting Narratives in Cases of Sexual Assault
Restorative justice alternatives to criminal justice are designed to balance the needs of victims, offenders, families, friends, and the community at large to achieve social justice, repair of victims, and deterrence of crime. In the model we evaluated from RESTORE (Responsibility and Equity for Sexual Transgressions Offering a Restorative Experience), each offender and victim received individual services and met in guided conferencing to mutuall…
From Parallel to Intersecting Narratives in Cases of Sexual Assault
Restorative justice alternatives to criminal justice are designed to balance the needs of victims, offenders, families, friends, and the community at large to achieve social justice, repair of victims, and deterrence of crime. In the model we evaluated from RESTORE (Responsibility and Equity for Sexual Transgressions Offering a Restorative Experience), each offender and victim received individual services and met in guided conferencing to mutuall…
Emerging Issues in the Measurement of Rape Victimization
We provide an overview of emerging directions in the measurement of rape, the most extreme form of sexual victimization. The context for our overview is how operational definitions of rape have evolved, where consensus has emerged, and where it eludes the field. We discuss two approaches to the detection of rape victimization in survey methods, namely behaviorally specific questions and a new, two-stage approach, and how each can be evaluated in …
Hidden, Unacknowledged, Acquaintance, and Date Rape: Looking Back, Looking Forward
Pornography, Individual Differences in Risk and Men’s Acceptance of Violence Against Women in a Representative Sample
Revising the SES: A Collaborative Process to Improve Assessment of Sexual Aggression and Victimization
The Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) assesses victimization and perpetration of unwanted sexual experiences (e.g., Koss, Gidycz, & Wisniewski, 1987 ). Revised versions of the SES that resulted from the work of the SES Collaboration are now available. This article reviews weaknesses of the SES that were identified, strengths that were preserved, and methodological considerations in the measurement of unwanted sexual experiences that informed the re…
Stranger and Acquaintance Rape: Are There Differences In the Victim's Experience
Most published research on the victim–offender relationship has been based on small samples that consisted mainly of women who were raped by nonintimate and nonromantic acquaintances, who viewed their experience as rape, and/or who were seeking treatment. In the present study, 489 rape victims were located among a national sample of 3, 187 female college students by a self-report survey that avoided reliance on helpseekers. Two sets of comparison…
Discriminant analysis of risk factors for sexual victimization among a national sample of college women
Examined the accuracy with which rape and lesser sexual assaults were predicted among a representative national sample of 2,723 college women. A total of 14 risk variables operationalized three vulnerability hypotheses: (a) vulnerability-creating traumatic experiences, (b) social-psychological vulnerability, and (c) vulnerability-enhancing situations. Each hypothesis was tested individually, and a composite model was developed via discriminant an…
The Hidden Rape Victim: Personality, Attitudinal, and Situational Characteristics
A hidden rape victim is one who has never reported her experience to a rape crisis center or to police. It has been estimated that only 10–50% of the rapes that actually occur are ever reported to authorities. Since most previous rape studies have selected samples from official sources, hidden victims have been overlooked. The goals of the present study were to describe the victimization experienced by hidden victims and to determine whether any …
Pornography and Sexual Aggression: Are There Reliable Effects and Can We Understand Them
In response to some recent critiques, we (a) analyze the arguments and data presented in those commentaries, (b) integrate the findings of several metaanalytic summaries of experimental and naturalistic research, and (c) conduct statistical analyses on a large representative sample. All three steps support the existence of reliable associations between frequent pornography use and sexually aggressive behaviors, particularly for violent pornograph…
Rape: A Century of Resistance
In this paper, we offer an overview of feminist contributions to the reframing and redefinition of rape over the last century. Topics of discussion include empirical research on rape prevalence that shows a consistent 15% prevalence rate despite continuing rape prevention and education efforts. The effects of sociocultural interventions focusing on legal reforms and psychosocial interventions focusing on rape prevention and education efforts are …
Rape perpetration by young, rural South African men: Prevalence, patterns and risk factors
Nonstranger sexual aggression: A discriminant analysis of the psychological characteristics of undetected offenders
The women's mental health research agenda: Violence against women
The focus of this article is violence against women: scope, impact, community response, clinical treatment, and prevention. Conclusions include the following: (a) Nationally representative data on the scope of violence are lacking. (b) The mental health implications of violence are not currently addressed by the practices of mental health professionals. (c) Discontinuity exists between clinical understanding of the impact of violence and empirica…
Assessing Women's Experiences of Sexual Aggression Using The Sexual Experiences Survey: Evidence for Validity and Implications for Research
In this study we examined the ability of a modified Sexual Experiences Survey (SES; Koss, Gidycz, & Wisniewski, 1987 ) to assess sexual victimization among a local community sample of women ( n = 1,014). Women who reported sexual victimization were interviewed regarding the most recent incident. Those who responded negatively to all SES items were asked whether they had ever feared they would be sexually assaulted but were not, and to describe th…
Transactional sex with casual and main partners among young South African men in the rural Eastern Cape: Prevalence, predictors, and associations with gender-based violence
Pornography, Individual Differences in Risk and Men’s Acceptance of Violence Against Women in a Representative Sample
The Effects of Frame of Reference on Responses to Questions About Sexual Assault Victimization and Perpetration
Self-reports of sexual assault are affected by a variety of factors including the number of questions, question phrasing, and context. Participants (307 women, 166 men) were randomly assigned to one of two forms of a questionnaire. One form had the tactics used to obtain forced sex as the initial frame of reference, whereas the other form had the type of sex that was forced as the initial frame of reference. Seventy-five percent of the women who …
Depression and PTSD in Survivors of Male Violence: Research and Training Initiatives to Facilitate Recovery
Male violence is an enduring feature of women's lives from childhood through old age. The review covers child sexual abuse, rape, and partner violence with emphasis on the prevalence of violence, its mental health consequences, the course of recovery, and mediators and moderators of traumatic impact. The primary focus is depression and posttraumatic stress disorder, the two major diagnostic entities through which postassault emotions and behavior…
The Global Health Burden Of Rape
Women's rights to be free from male violence are now recognized by the United Nations as fundamental human rights. Two parallel transformations in the understanding of rape have been central to the international effort to achieve this declaration. The first is increased recognition of the extent to which rape typically involves intimates. The second is the shift from regarding rape as a criminal justice matter towards an appreciation of its impli…
The Under detection of Rape: Methodological Choices Influence Incidence Estimates
This paper discusses the extent of rape in the U.S. today, including a critical analysis of federal and independent sources of incidence data. Rape incidence estimates derived from the National Crime Survey (NCS) are flawed because of measurement methods that undermine full disclosure of victimization. Conclusions include (a) the incidence of rape is much higher than federal statistics suggest, but data are insufficient to resolve whether an epid…
Victim voice in reenvisioning responses to sexual and physicalviolence nationally and internationally
Internationally and in the United States many victims of sexual assault and domestic violence are unserved, underserved, or ill-served, especially those from the most vulnerable populations. Programs developed in the United States are routinely exported to developing countries but often without success. Notably, the failures seen internationally resemble those in the United States and are related to structural and attitudinal-cultural factors. Ma…
Alcohol and Sexual Aggression in a National Sample of College Men
Alcohol use prior to sexual assault by both offenders and their victims may be associated with the severity of sexual aggression men commit against women. Little research has explored the pathways (e.g., social context, behavior) through which alcohol may affect outcomes of sexual attacks. The present study analyzed the role of alcohol in sexual assaults ( N = 694) committed by men identified from a national sample ( N = 2,972) of male college st…
Shades of Gray: A Qualitative Study of Terms Used in the Measurement of Sexual Victimization
Methodological analyses of sexual victimization research are still rare, despite the explosion of interest in this topic and widely varying rates across studies. In-depth analysis of the meaning of differences in rates is especially lacking. A series of five ethnically and geographically diverse focus groups were held to explore how wording in sexual victimization surveys affects the reporting of various types of negative sexual experiences. Part…
Intimate partner aggression-what have we learned? Comment on Archer (2000)
This commentary on J. Archer (2000) identifies limitations at the level of the primary data, the formal meta-analysis, and the interpretations of the results. Highlighted are concerns with the conceptual dichotomy that is the foundation of the analysis, how aggression was conceptualized and defined, and the methodological problems in the studies included in the database that were not neutralized by the meta-analysis. These include inadequate meas…
Mexican American Women’s Definitions of Rape and Sexual Abuse
Focus group approach was used to explore concepts related to rape and sexual abuse among 17 Mexican immigrant women living in rural Arizona. The women discussed definitions of various forms of unwanted sexual experiences, their personal knowledge of someone who had been raped or sexually abused, and their perceptions of the roots of sexual abuse. Distinctions between rapto and violación, child versus adult rape (including marital rape), motivatio…
Acquaintance Rape: Effective Avoidance Strategies
To date, research on effective rape avoidance strategies has involved media-recruited, acknowledged rape victims and avoiders, most of whom were assaulted by total strangers. In the present study, rape avoidance research was extended to a sample of acquaintance rape victims and avoiders who were located by a self-report survey that identified women who both do and do not conceptualize their assaults as rape. The study's goal was to determine whet…
Factors predictive of sexual violence: Testing the four pillars of the Confluence Model in a large diverse sample of college men
This article focuses on the characteristics of sexually violent men who have not been convicted of a crime. The objective of this study was to test the four key interrelated pillars of the Confluence Model. The first key pillar posits the interaction of Hostile Masculinity and Impersonal Sex as core risk predictors. The second pillar entails a "mediated structure" wherein the impact of more general risk factors is mediated via those specific to a…
Hidden, Unacknowledged, Acquaintance, and Date Rape: Looking Back, Looking Forward
Incorporating Feminist Theory and Insights Into a Restorative Justice Response to Sex Offenses
Sex offenses, particularly nonpenetration sex offenses and acquaintance sexual assault, are all too common. Because these crimes reinforce women's fear of crime and restrict spatial and social freedom, it is paramount for the justice system to act affirmatively; however, it does not. This article identifies several failures in the current response to these sex offenses. We describe the research demonstration project, RESTORE, operating in Pima Co…
A comparison of psychiatric patients' self-report with other sources of clinical information
Sexual Experiences Survey: A research instrument investigating sexual aggression and victimization
Sexual Experiences Survey: Reliability and validity
The Hidden Rape Victim: Personality, Attitudinal, and Situational Characteristics
A hidden rape victim is one who has never reported her experience to a rape crisis center or to police. It has been estimated that only 10–50% of the rapes that actually occur are ever reported to authorities. Since most previous rape studies have selected samples from official sources, hidden victims have been overlooked. The goals of the present study were to describe the victimization experienced by hidden victims and to determine whether any …
Nonstranger sexual aggression: A discriminant analysis of the psychological characteristics of undetected offenders
Acquaintance Rape: Effective Avoidance Strategies
To date, research on effective rape avoidance strategies has involved media-recruited, acknowledged rape victims and avoiders, most of whom were assaulted by total strangers. In the present study, rape avoidance research was extended to a sample of acquaintance rape victims and avoiders who were located by a self-report survey that identified women who both do and do not conceptualize their assaults as rape. The study's goal was to determine whet…
The scope of rape: Incidence and prevalence of sexual aggression and victimization in a national sample of higher education students
Stranger and Acquaintance Rape: Are There Differences In the Victim's Experience
Most published research on the victim–offender relationship has been based on small samples that consisted mainly of women who were raped by nonintimate and nonromantic acquaintances, who viewed their experience as rape, and/or who were seeking treatment. In the present study, 489 rape victims were located among a national sample of 3, 187 female college students by a self-report survey that avoided reliance on helpseekers. Two sets of comparison…
A Conceptual Analysis of Rape Victimization: Long-Term Effects and Implications for Treatment
Recent prevalence studies have suggested that 15–22% of women have been raped at some point in their lives, many by close acquaintances, although few victims seek assistance services or professional psychotherapy immediately post-assault. Surveys have revealed that 31–48% of rape victims eventually sought professional psychotherapy, often years after the actual assault. These observations suggest that the primary role of clinicians in the treatme…
Discriminant analysis of risk factors for sexual victimization among a national sample of college women
Examined the accuracy with which rape and lesser sexual assaults were predicted among a representative national sample of 2,723 college women. A total of 14 risk variables operationalized three vulnerability hypotheses: (a) vulnerability-creating traumatic experiences, (b) social-psychological vulnerability, and (c) vulnerability-enhancing situations. Each hypothesis was tested individually, and a composite model was developed via discriminant an…
A Comparison of Group and Individual Sexual Assault Victims
The experiences of 44 group sexual assault victims (multiple offenders, one victim) were compared with 44 individual sexual assault victims (one offender, one victim). Sexual assaults included various degrees of sexual victimization ranging from verbal coercion to rape. Participants were located from among a national sample of 3,187 college women. Group sexual assaults, compared to individual sexual assaults, were in general more violent, involve…
The women's mental health research agenda: Violence against women
The focus of this article is violence against women: scope, impact, community response, clinical treatment, and prevention. Conclusions include the following: (a) Nationally representative data on the scope of violence are lacking. (b) The mental health implications of violence are not currently addressed by the practices of mental health professionals. (c) Discontinuity exists between clinical understanding of the impact of violence and empirica…
Courtship Violence: Incidence in a National Sample of Higher Education Students
An approximately representative national sample of 2,602 women and 2,105 men was surveyed regarding their frequency of inflicting and sustaining verbal and physical aggression in a heterosexual relationship. Results revealed that approximately 81 % of the men inflicted, as well as received, some form of verbal aggression at least once, while the comparable figure for women was 87-88%. The percentage experiencing some fonn of physical aggression w…
Deleterious Effects of Criminal Victimization on Women's Health and Medical Utilization
The long-term consequences of criminal victimization on physical health were examined among 390 adult women (74 nonvictims and 316 victims of crime). Data included health status self-ratings and objective service utilization. Findings indicated that severely victimized women, compared with nonvictims, reported more distress and less well-being, made physician visits twice as frequently in the index year, and had outpatient costs that were 2.5 tim…
Characteristics of aggressors against women: Testing a model using a national sample of college students
The Under detection of Rape: Methodological Choices Influence Incidence Estimates
This paper discusses the extent of rape in the U.S. today, including a critical analysis of federal and independent sources of incidence data. Rape incidence estimates derived from the National Crime Survey (NCS) are flawed because of measurement methods that undermine full disclosure of victimization. Conclusions include (a) the incidence of rape is much higher than federal statistics suggest, but data are insufficient to resolve whether an epid…
The Prediction of Sexual Aggression by Alcohol Use, Athletic Participation, and Fraternity Affiliation
Alcohol, athletics, and fraternities have been targeted in the popular media as primary causes of sexual aggression on campus. Except in the case of alcohol, the empirical data supporting these associations is weak. The present study assessed the joint contribution of these three variables to the prediction of sexual aggression among a sample of 530 undergraduate men including 140 athletes representing all varsity sports. Approximately 11% of the…
Changed Women and Changed Organizations: Consequences of and Coping with Sexual Harassment
Detecting the Scope of Rape: A Review of Prevalence Research Methods
This article focuses on rape prevalence research and examines the relationship between measurement methods and level of rape detection. After a brief overview of empirical data, the relative threat to the validity of prevalence estimates posed by fabrication versus nondisclosure is weighed. Then various methodological choices and their relationship to the magnitude of prevalence estimates are examined. Addressed are the definitions underlying the…
Rape: Scope, impact, interventions, and public policy responses
Rape: Scope, impact, interventions, and public policy responses
There are many ways for women to be victimized by strangers and by people they know, but rape is the crime women fear most. The research on the frequency, psychological aftereffects, somatic consequences, and immediate as well as delayed interventions for rape is reviewed; a brief consensus of the literature within each of these areas is developed; and the implications of the research for public policy are considered. Among the suggested policy r…
Male violence against women: Current research and future directions
No safe haven: Male violence against women at home, at work, and in the community.
The Culture and Context of Male Violence Against Women Understanding the Perpetrator and the Victim - Who Abuses and Who is Abused? The Prevalence of Intimate Violence - Physical and Psychological Outcomes of Partner Violence Intimate Violence - Treatment Issues and Policy Initiatives Sexual Harasasment - the Last Great Open Secret Responses to Sexual Harasssment Intervention, Prevention and Treatment Issues for Sexual Harassment Uniting all Wome…
The Global Health Burden Of Rape
Women's rights to be free from male violence are now recognized by the United Nations as fundamental human rights. Two parallel transformations in the understanding of rape have been central to the international effort to achieve this declaration. The first is increased recognition of the extent to which rape typically involves intimates. The second is the shift from regarding rape as a criminal justice matter towards an appreciation of its impli…
The Effects of Systemic Family Violence on Children's Mental Health
Psychology (79 works) · Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies (69 works) · Medicine (55 works) · Poison control (50 works) · Intimate Partner and Family Violence (44 works) · Social Psychology (38 works) · Clinical Psychology (37 works) · Suicide prevention (35 works) · Criminology (30 works) · Sex work and related issues (27 works)