Rubina Raja
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 141570 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Rubina Raja |
| NOMBRES | Rubina |
| APELLIDO | Raja |
| FIRMA | RAJA R |
| AFILIACIONES | Aarhus University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1387-874X |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 133 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 161 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 123 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 10 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2004 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Handing over the Torch
How to Lose a City
Orientalism, defined as the implicit understanding of Western superiority regarding anything non-Western, has had great impact on how cities in the ancient Near East have been approached, researched, and understood. In this article, we focus on some of the ways that Palmyra and the understanding of it as an ancient site was appropriated by Western travellers, antiquarians, and scholars, and was narrated as a ‘lost city’ that had been waiting to b…
The Long Roots of Middle Islamic Tadmor
Water management was and is essential for the survival of settlements across the globe. Much focus has been given to water management of the so-called classical periods, the Graeco-Roman periods, also in the Near East. However, when moving into the post-classical periods the situation looks different and the evidence is often less thoroughly treated. Nonetheless it is also through a study of water infrastructure and management that one might lear…
From One City to Another
This article examines the creation of one of the world’s largest collections of Palmyrene sculpture outside of Syria itself; namely the one in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen. It does so here through the online available correspondence between the brewer Carl Jacobsen and the Danish consul in Beirut, Julius Løytved, through whom he acquired most of the Palmyrene objects in the collection between 1884 and 1888. We base the results on twel…
Reconsidering Three Hundred Years of Epigraphic Habit in Palmyra (Syria) in Light of a Full Quantifcation Approach
This paper explores how the systematic collection, digitization, and analysis of Palmyra’s public inscriptions can enhance our understanding of the interplay between language, public space, and the city’s elite. By applying computational methods, the study identifies key periods of urban development and shifting elite self-representation, particularly through bilingual inscriptions in Greek and Palmyrene. The spatial and chronological patterns re…
Public Inscriptions from the City of Palmyra, Syria (1–273 CE)
This dataset presents Palmyra’s public inscriptions from the first four centuries CE, a period of time during which the city flourished. The Palmyrene elite used inscriptions to advertise their contributions to public and private building projects, and commemorate the dead. These stone carved inscriptions were written in all the major languages of the region: Palmyrene Aramaic, Greek, and Latin. A total of 1134 public inscriptions have been compi…
Collecting Palmyra
Palmyra has been pivotal in archaeological and historical research due to the wealth of material and the long history of fascination with the site. Its material culture can be found on every continent except Antarctica, in more than 250 public museums and private collections. This article focuses on the modern global dispersal of Palmyra’s material culture, specifically its characteristic funerary reliefs, and examines the ways in which the consu…
Broken glass on the Via Nova Traiana
Regular finds of glassware at Roman sites provide a useful dataset not just for constructing glass typologies but for the comparative analysis of base-glass compositions. Here, the authors explore the form and chemical composition of 79 glass fragments from Khirbet al-Khalde, a strategically important site in southern Jordan that was integrated into a major Roman roadway, the Via Nova Traiana, in the early second century AD. Their findings challe…
The Impact of Rome in the Near East after the Battle of Actium and the Rise of Herod
The victory of Octavian over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium and the subsequent death of his opponents made him sole ruler of the extensive and expanding Roman territories. In his victory, Octavian proved himself a generous man and allowed various allies of Mark Antony to retain their positions of power. Among them, Herod proved the most successful, retaining his position as king of Judaea until his death, and the one who had th…
Roman Art in the Near East
The art of Syria and the Near East in the Roman imperial period is still only partly studied and understood, not least because of the varied political landscape of the region, divided into client kingdoms and imperial provinces with changing boundaries. Geographically also, there is great variation in the resources available. Marble and bronze had to be imported. The north of Syria is rich in light-colored limestone, the south in dark-colored bas…
Maps
The Decapolis
The Decapolis cities, in what today is modern northern Jordan and Israel, were mentioned by several ancient authors as encompassing more than the ten cities implied in the name Decapolis, some citing up to eighteen. The cities, however, shared some cultural affinities, which might pertain to their Greek heritage. This chapter revisits evidence from the Decapolis and recently published findings from, among other places, Capitolias and Gerasa, and …
Map
Copyright Page
Urbanization and Cities in the Hellenistic and Roman Near East
Today more than half the world’s population lives in cities. However, past urbanism and its impact on the ancient world is still being debated widely and intensely. The evidence for cities, mostly from archaeology, is still developing rapidly, but there is yet an incomplete overview of cities in the ancient world. Because of the benign climate and other factors in the Near East, urban societies developed there from prehistoric times onward, and s…
Pompey and the Near East
This chapter takes a fresh look at Pompey’s campaigning in the Levant in 64–63 bc, which is widely recognized as a sea change in world history. The campaign marked the Romans’ political intervention in the region and had an immense impact on the organization of a culturally and topographically diverse landscape, transforming it into a Roman province surrounded by client kingdoms. Pompey’s campaign affected how rulership and governance were define…
Figures
The Hellenistic and Roman Near East
The Hellenistic and Roman Near East has most often been studied with a focus on the impact of Greek and Roman culture and rule on the regions from the death of Alexander the Great until the late third century ad when the Tetrarchy was instituted. This handbook takes a fresh look and focuses both on broad topics, such as climate and geography, art, economy, and culture and on places and monuments. It also takes a longue durée perspective, going as…
Religion in the Roman Empire
Religion in the Roman Empire (RRE) aims to advance and document new and integrative perspectives on religion in the ancient world, combining multidisciplinary methodologies. Committed to interdisciplinarity and new approaches to the study of religion, it offers a space to take up recent, but still incipient, research to modify and cross the disciplinary boundaries of the History of Religion, Archaeology, Anthropology, Classics, Ancient History, J…
The Organization of Archaeological Fieldwork and Selective Publication of Findings as Appropriation of Knowledge
The excavations conducted at Gerasa, in modern Jordan, in the 1920s and 1930s, first by an American-British team and later by an exclusively American team, produced some of the most important results on Roman urbanism in the Near East. These publications, mainly printed in the volume edited by C. H. Kraeling and published in 1938, remain standard works to this day. However, the excavation’s directors were also selective about what they published …
Lost Cities in the Near East
This article examines reconstruction processes of knowledge concerning some of the ‘lost cities’ of Western Asia, using Palmyra and Samarra, two prominent urban sites as case studies. These cities offer distinct insights into how early explorations by Western travellers and antiquarians, and archaeological practices under different political regimes have shaped the narratives about their urban histories, and how their practices continue to influe…
From ‘Secondary’ City to Primary Focus
This article examines the role of archive archaeology in shaping theoretical and conceptual approaches to urban archaeology, using Seleucia in Pieria as a case study. The authors challenge the perception of Seleucia as a ‘second’ city, which, while compounded by the lack of later archaeological focus, has its roots in early European travellers’ accounts of the site. By examining Seleucia, not as a suburb or outpost of Antioch, as it is often trea…
‘The House We Live in’
From Tadmor to Palmyra, 1923–1929
In this article, we investigate aspects of how Palmyra was explored scientifically in the 1920s. Through publications and material in the so-called Ingholt Archive, it is possible to investigate different stakeholders and how they understood the urban past and their contemporary understanding of Tadmor/Palmyra. The first is the French Mandate Antiquities Service, under whose control the village of Tadmor with the ruins of Palmyra was. The second …
Cities ‘Lost’ and ‘Found’
This special issue is concerned with how urban archaeology, political control, and colonialism were intertwined in Egypt and the Near East through specific case studies. By focusing on the work of Western scholars in the Near East and Egypt in the late Ottoman and the Mandate periods, we examine how their preferences (and biases) have shaped the field and have left persistent legacies that are still in need of untangling. What the articles share …
Geochemistry of Byzantine and Early Islamic glass from Jerash, Jordan
Twenty‐two objects of glass from the Decapolis city of Gerasa, N. Jordan, with characteristic vessel forms ranging from Hellenistic to Early Islamic (2nd century BCE to 8th century CE) were analyzed for major and trace elements, and 16 samples for Sr‐isotopes. The majority were produced in the vicinity of Apollonia on the Palestine coast in the 6th–7th centuries CE, and strong inter‐element correlations for Fe, Ti, Mn, Mg, Nb reflect local variat…
A field guide to mortar sampling for radiocarbon dating
Radiocarbon dating of mortars is a method for absolute dating of historical mortared stone structures. Successful mortar dating studies have answered chronological questions, while other studies have revealed that mortar samples can have complications and contaminants. These can cause inconclusive results even with present state‐of‐the‐art techniques. Previous research shows that adequate and proper sampling of mortar samples is of fundamental im…
Lived Religion in the Ancient Mediterranean World
The Lived Ancient Religion project has radically changed perspectives on ancient religions and their supposedly personal or public character. This volume applies and further develops these methodological tools, new perspectives and new questions. The religious transformations of the Roman Imperial period appear in new light and more nuances by comparative confrontation and the integration of many disciplines. The contributions are written by spec…
New Archaeological Research in the Northwest Quarter of Jerash and Its Implications for the Urban Development of Roman Gerasa
The nature and extent of the urban development of Roman Gerasa (modern Jerash) has for decades been a topic of discussion among scholars studying settlement patterns as well as public and private life in the Roman empire. Research has, however, mostly focused on the development of the city along its main street. The aim of a new archaeological project, which was initiated in 2011, is to investigate the settlement history of the Northwest Quarter …
Exotic glass types and the intensity of recycling in the northwest Quarter of Gerasa (Jerash, Jordan)
Major and trace elements are presented for 149 glass fragments ranging in date from the Roman to Early Islamic periods (1st – mid-8th centuries CE), excavated during the Danish-German Jerash Northwest Quarter Project's fieldwork between 2011 and 2016. The results confirm a clear dominance of Levantine glass types, but also reveal 12 glasses of Egyptian and Mesopotamian compositions recovered from two houses destroyed by the major earthquake which…
A Study of the Centuries-Long Reliance on Local Ceramics in Jerash Through Full Quantification and Simulation
The Danish-German Jerash Northwest Quarter Project revealed a robust and striking pattern of the extreme dominance (>99%) of locally produced ceramics over six centuries and across different depositional contexts (in total over half a million pottery sherds). The archaeology of Jerash points towards an exceptional degree of self-sufficiency in craft products: why? The project team implemented a full quantification approach during excavation, manu…
Radiocarbon analysis of mortar from Roman and Byzantine water management installations in the Northwest Quarter of Jerash, Jordan
Jerash (Gerasa) in northwestern Jordan is an important Decapolis city displaying urban development for more than a millennium beginning in the late Hellenistic period (1st century CE). Despite more than a hundred years of archaeological explorations at the site there are still major questions about the city's urban development which are left open due to the nature of the archaeological investigations undertaken at the site. This in particular per…
Religion in the making
For the past five years (2012–2017), the Max Weber Center of Erfurt University has hosted a project on ‘Lived Ancient Religion: Questioning “cults” and “polis religion”’, financed by the European Research Council and embedded in the research group on ‘Religious individualisation in historical perspective’ (see Fuchs and Rüpke. [2015. “Religious Individualisation in Historical Perspective.” Religion 45 (3): 323–329. doi:10.1080/0048721X.2015.10417…
Roman Rule and Civic Life
Ancient history: to c 500 CE
Copper-based metalwork in Roman to early Islamic Jerash (Jordan)
Metallographic, chemical and lead isotopic analyses of copper-based artefacts recovered from the Northwest Quarter in Jerash (ancient Gerasa) in Jordan provide new information on the civic life and material culture from a key urban site in the Roman Empire’s eastern provinces. The samples span the city’s occupation from its flourishing under Roman rule into the Byzantine and early Islamic periods. We examined 49 copper-based artefacts using refle…
Archive Archaeology in palmyra, Syria a new 3D reconstruction of the tomb of Ḥairan
Since 2010, the conflict in Syria has made it almost impossible to conduct fieldwork in the country. The Palmyra Portrait Project at Aarhus University has since 2012 been compiling the now largest corpus of funerary portraits in the ancient world, outside of Rome, which were produced in the Syrian city of Palmyra in the first three centuries CE. During the project, fieldwork diaries of the Danish archaeologist Kai Harald Ingholt, who worked in Pa…
From nummi minimi to fulūs-small change and wider issues
New compositional and metallographic data are presented for the fourth to eighth century CE copper coins from the Northwest Quarter of Gerasa/Jerash, Jordan. The majority of the coins are small copper and copper alloy nummi minimi from the Late Roman and Byzantine periods. Also represented are pre-reform and post-reform fulūs minted under the Umayyad dynasty. Seventy-one coins (55 Roman, 4 Byzantine, 3 pre-reform and 9 post-reform) were character…
Loose glass tesserae and lost decorations
Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) analyses of loose glass tesserae from the Northwest Quarter of Gerasa/Jerash has enhanced our understanding of the dynamics regulating the production and circulation of glass tesserae in second‐ to eighth‐centuries ce Jordan and the diachronic development of mosaics at the site. The identification of Levantine and Egyptian compositions (Roman‐Mn, Levantine I, HIMT, Foy 2.1) p…
A multiscalar approach to survey of military and trade architecture in Jordan
This article reports on the archaeological survey of a (military) fort and (trade) caravanserai at Khirbet al-Khalde in southern Jordan, along the eastern Roman frontier. The results reveal the site's resilience and destruction up until the present day and the need for monitoring of threats to its preservation
Scaling up and zooming in
Combining global perspectives with localized case studies and integrating scientific and material evidence of environmental change in historical narratives are amongst the main challenges for the field of global history in addressing the dawn of the Anthropocene. In this article, we trace the relationship of the city of Gerasa (Jerash, Jordan) with its riverine hinterland, from the first millennium BCE until the nineteenth century CE. We argue th…
Reconstructing the social, economic and demographic trends of Palmyra's elite from funerary data
For almost 300 years wealthy Palmyrenes commemorated their deceased with portraits set up in elaborate family tombs. Now we can use this wealth of information to reconstruct the historical trajectories of the city's elite. We present an extensive analysis of over 3500 funerary portraits and other funerary data collected in the Palmyra Portrait Project and contrasted with other sources of data on the city's wealth and status as well as the histori…
Practicing Urban Archaeology in a Modern City
This article describes the documentation according to FAIR principles of the first phase of the excavation of parts of the Alessandrino Quarter—an area of central Rome that has largely remained unexplored, although situated in the center of what is today one of the most visited cities in Europe. Archaeological fieldwork in modern cities presents excavators with a particular set of challenges. Prominent among these is archaeological complexity—the…
Urban-Riverine Hinterland Synergies in Semi-Arid Environments
This interdisciplinary study addresses issues of urban-riverine hinterland relationships in semi-arid environments over millennia at Gerasa/Jerash in Jordan, presenting research that stimulates new lines of enquiry with much broader implications than those relating to this single site. Through the presentation of new data on wadi-sediment responses to social and environmental change, we assess ways in which urban settlements, their hinterlands, a…
The technology and production of glazed ceramics from Middle Islamic Jerash, Jordan
Jerash in northern Jordan was, despite a focus on its classical heritage, also active in the Middle Islamic period, but little is known about actual developments during this period. This study represents the first study on the Middle Islamic glazed pottery from the site using scanning electron microscopy energy‐dispersive spectrometry (SEM‐EDS) and thin‐section petrography. The results show that two production traditions existed, each with differ…
The “Beauty of Palmyra” and Qasr Abjad (Palmyra)
Over recent decades an immense amount of scholarship on Palmyra has appeared, but remarkably little of it has concerned the city’s distinctive art. In the English-speaking world the groundbreaking handbook by M. A. R. College, The art of Palmyra (1976), remains the standard work, as a successor to the first major effort in this field, Studier over Palmyrensk Skulptur (1928), by H. Ingholt, itself still a basic work on the chronology of funerary p…
Cultural Heritage Damage Assessment at Khirbet al-Khalde in a Longue Durée Perspective
Fieldwork projects in the Middle East and North Africa are increasingly integrating a wide variety of methodologies, and often such rapidly developing approaches are results of the fragile situation in the region. While this trend, moving away from purely traditional approaches, is welcome and promises to open new avenues of investigation, the utilization of legacy data, which holds a vast trove of information, is often overlooked in the process …
Glass working and recycling in Pompeii
Forty-six glass finds, including vessel fragments, windows, one inlay and one indicator of production (moil) excavated in the dump of the Sarno Baths in Pompeii were selected for an interdisciplinary technological, typological and chemical study. The identification of the moil demonstrates that a glassblowing workshop most likely existed in Pompeii, thus putting an end to a long-standing scientific debate. The LA-ICP-MS chemical data show that Ro…
Harald Ingholt's Twentieth-Century Archive of Palmyrene Sculptures
Archival material can shape the future of archaeological research and cultural heritage preservation, but it must be made accessible to the academic community and general public. This is especially true for conflict zones, as archives of various kinds are often all that remains as a record of sites and monuments. Palmyra, Syria, is important for understanding the ancient world and modern global cultural heritage; however, it has been destroyed by…
Mosaicists at work
Asserting Control Through Water in the Roman Period
This article examines water management and control by the Roman army in arid environments, with a focus on southern Jordan. It presents the results of an aqueduct survey at Khirbet al-Khalde (Wadi al-Yutm, Aqaba Governorate), situated 26 km to the northeast of modern Aqaba. The aqueduct, which is the best surviving example of its kind in the Wadi al-Yutm, connected the site’s small fort (castellum) to a spring located approximately 1 km to the so…
Roman Rule and Civic Life
Ancient history: to c 500 CE
The Palmyra Portrait Project
Introduction Situated between the two mighty empires of Rome and Parthia, halfway between the Euphrates and the Mediterranean Sea, Palmyra’s special role and character have long been recognised. Palmyra’s languages, society and religion, its art and architecture speak of a rich and varied heritage, a unique synthesis of East and West that continues to fascinate and inspire scholarly research . The art of Palmyra, however, has received remarkably …
An architectural block with altar-iconography from the North-west Quarter of Jerash
This article considers a monumental architectural limestone block with altar-iconography that was found during the 2012 campaign of the Danish–German North-west Quarter project. The project, which began in 2011, has mapped the highest area within the walled city, the so-called North-west Quarter, which had hitherto remained largely unexplored. The monumental block, which was in secondary use as a late antique oil press, gives new insight into the…
The Role of Objects
137
Appropriating Religion
This article presents the concept of 'lived ancient religion' as the methodological perspective underlying the contributions to this issue. For antiquity, the term is employed in order to denote an approach that focusses on the individual appropriation and embodiment of traditions, religious experiences and communication of religion in different social spaces, and the interaction of different levels facilitated by religious specialists. This appr…
A Companion to the Archaeology of Religion in the Ancient World
A companion to the archaeology of religion in the ancient world
Judith S. McKenzie , Joseph A. Greene , Andres T. Reyes , Catherine S. Alexander , Deirdre G. Barrett , Brian Gilmore , John F. Healey , Margaret O’Hea , Nadine Schibille , Stephan G. Schmid , Wilma W…
Judith S. McKenzie , Joseph A. Greene , Andres T. Reyes , Catherine S. Alexander , Deirdre G. Barrett , Brian Gilmore , John F. Healey , Margaret O’Hea , Nadine Schibille , Stephan G. Schmid , Wilma Wetterstrom & Sara Whitcher Kansa . The Nabataean temple at Khirbet et-Tannur, Jordan, volume 1. Architecture and religion. Final report on Nelson Glueck's 1937 excavation (Annuals of the ASOR 67). xxvii+340 pages, 455 b&w illustrations. 2014. Boston …
Companion to the Archaeology of Religion in the Ancient World
Intentional Cooking Pot Deposits in Late Roman Jerash (Northwest Quarter)
During the 2012 campaign of the Danish-German Northwest Quarter Project in Jerash, ancient Gerasa, three intentionally deposited cooking pots were found in a fill layer. Two of them were almost intact and discovered with ashes and other finds inside. Another one was fragmented and also held ashes inside. The cooking pot deposits are likely to have been termination deposits. It is the scope of this paper to discuss the context and function of thes…
Andreas J. M. Kropp, Images and Monuments of Near Eastern Dynasts, 100 bc – ad 100
This substantial monograph is a revised and expanded version of the DPhil thesis by Andreas J. M. Kropp. It falls into six well-defined chapters: (1) Methods, dynasts, and kingdoms; (2) royal portraits, (3) royal palaces, (4) royal tombs; (5) kings and cults and finally (6) images and monuments: projections of royal ideology. The monograph focusses on six major « Client Kingdoms » of the period under consideration, the Kommagenian, Emesan, Iturae…
Radiocarbon analysis of mortar from Roman and Byzantine water management installations in the Northwest Quarter of Jerash, Jordan
Jerash (Gerasa) in northwestern Jordan is an important Decapolis city displaying urban development for more than a millennium beginning in the late Hellenistic period (1st century CE). Despite more than a hundred years of archaeological explorations at the site there are still major questions about the city's urban development which are left open due to the nature of the archaeological investigations undertaken at the site. This in particular per…
The “Beauty of Palmyra” and Qasr Abjad (Palmyra)
Over recent decades an immense amount of scholarship on Palmyra has appeared, but remarkably little of it has concerned the city’s distinctive art. In the English-speaking world the groundbreaking handbook by M. A. R. College, The art of Palmyra (1976), remains the standard work, as a successor to the first major effort in this field, Studier over Palmyrensk Skulptur (1928), by H. Ingholt, itself still a basic work on the chronology of funerary p…
New Archaeological Research in the Northwest Quarter of Jerash and Its Implications for the Urban Development of Roman Gerasa
The nature and extent of the urban development of Roman Gerasa (modern Jerash) has for decades been a topic of discussion among scholars studying settlement patterns as well as public and private life in the Roman empire. Research has, however, mostly focused on the development of the city along its main street. The aim of a new archaeological project, which was initiated in 2011, is to investigate the settlement history of the Northwest Quarter …
In and Out of Contexts
The so-called banqueting tesserae from Palmyra are the richest source for understanding the religious life of the city in the Roman period. The tesserae, of which more than 1,100 different types, produced in series, exist, functioned as entrance tickets to religious banquets in ancient Palmyra. Their iconography and the inscriptions which many of them carry offer the possibility of beginning to understand the complexities of Palmyrene religious l…
The Significance of Objects
297
Representations of Priests in Palmyra
The city of Palmyra, ancient Tadmor, holds an immense amount of archaeological and written evidence informing us about the life and practices of people in the city. Apart from being home to unique architecture and monuments from the Roman period, Palmyra is home to the largest corpus of funerary sculpture portraying individuals outside of Rome. This makes these portraits, which have been collected within the framework of the Palmyra Portrait Proj…
An Umayyad period magical amulet from a domestic context in Jerash, Jordan
During the 2014 campaign of the Danish-German Northwest Quarter Project in Jerash a small metal capsule was found in a house destroyed by an earthquake in the mid-8th cent. ce. The capsule, which retained traces of textile fibres, was conserved and proved to contain a tightly-rolled strip of silver foil (lamella) which, on removal, turned out to be inscribed with letters of Semitic character. Since it could not be unfolded manually, it was submit…
Becoming Urban
Discussion
Emesa zwischen Klientelreich und Provinz. Identität und Identitätswandel einer lokalen Fürstendynastie im Spiegel der archäologischen Quellen; Baalbek in nachantiker Zeit. Untersuchungen zur Stadtbaug…
The two works reviewed here are special issues (volumes 34 and 35, respectively) of the journal Orient-Archäologie. Although first and foremost known as a journal, Orient-Archäologie has regularly ...
Grouping Together in Lived Ancient Religion
3
A new inscribed amulet from Gerasa (Jerash)
During the 2016 campaign of the Danish-German Jerash Northwest Quarter Project, a gem was discovered in a fill layer, which had been intentionally filled in in order to close a large, well-constructed Roman-period cistern. The amuletic ring-stone considered here adds to the magic material known from Jerash. Although the gem was found out of its primary context, both the iconographic scene on the obverse and the magical inscription on the reverse …
Representations of the so-called “Former Priests” in Palmyrene Funerary Art. A Methodological Contribution and Commentary
Raja Rubina. Representations of the so-called “Former Priests” in Palmyrene Funerary Art. A Methodological Contribution and Commentary. In: Topoi, volume 21/1, 2017. pp. 51-81
Martha Sharp Joukowsky . Petra Great Temple volume 3
Martha Sharp Joukowsky . Petra Great Temple volume 3: Brown University excavations 1993–2008, architecture and material culture. 2016. xxiv+598 pages, numerous b&w illustrations. Oxford & Havertown (PA): Oxbow; 978-1-78570-612-7 hardback £60. - Volume 91 Issue 360
City and wadi
Archaeological excavations of urban sites in the Mediterranean have a long history, but only recently are geoarchaeology-based landscape studies beginning to provide insight into the complex and dynamic relationships between cities and their hinterlands. Such studies are becoming increasingly important as archaeologists seek to understand how cities sustained themselves, demonstrating resilience to both external shocks and long-term environmental…
History (85 obras) · Archaeology and Historical Studies (81 obras) · Archaeology (71 obras) · Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History (51 obras) · Geography (51 obras) · Ancient history (45 obras) · Art (42 obras) · Archaeological Research and Protection (35 obras) · History (32 obras) · Ancient Egypt and Archaeology (20 obras)