D C Greenwood
Biographic Data
| ID | 1423871 |
|---|---|
| NAME | D C Greenwood |
| GIVEN NAMES | D C |
| FAMILY NAME | Greenwood |
| SIGNATURE | GREENWOOD D C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Leeds |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7035-3096 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 36 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 44 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 36 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Daily stress and worry are additional triggers of symptom fluctuations in individuals living with Long Covid: Results From an Intensive Longitudinal Cohort Study
BACKGROUND: Recent research has shown that exertion in physical, cognitive, social, and self-care activities triggers symptom severity in individuals with Long COVID. PURPOSE: The current study aimed to investigate whether daily emotional exertions (stress, worry, rumination) were associated with symptom exacerbation, over and above influences of effortful daily activities, in individuals with Long COVID. METHODS: In total, 376 participants were …
Indigenous knowledge and leadership for climate change adaptation in nutrition
Methods and participant characteristics in the Cancer Risk in Vegetarians Consortium: A cross-sectional analysis across 11 prospective studies
Food intakes and lifestyle factors of both non-vegetarians and vegetarians varied markedly across the individual cohorts, which may be due to differences in both culture and socioeconomic status, as well as differences in questionnaire design. Therefore, care is needed in the interpretation of the impacts of vegetarian diets on cancer risk
Supermarket Transaction Records In Dietary Evaluation: The STRIDE study: validation against self-reported dietary intake
Objective: Scalable methods are required for population dietary monitoring. The Supermarket Transaction Records In Dietary Evaluation (STRIDE) study compares dietary estimates from supermarket transactions with an online FFQ. Design: Participants were recruited in four waves, accounting for seasonal dietary variation. Purchases were collected for 1 year during and 1 year prior to the study. Bland–Altman agreement and limits of agreement (LoA) wer…
Cluster randomized controlled trial of volitional and motivational interventions to improve bowel cancer screening uptake: A population-level study
The study did not support any benefit of either VHS or SNA interventions alone on bowel cancer screening uptake. The combined SNA+VHS intervention was significantly different from control only in the youngest age group in adjusted analyses. However, the magnitude of effect in the youngest age group suggests that further testing of VHS plus SNA interventions in carefully targeted populations may be warranted
Dietary intake and age at natural menopause: Results from the UK Women’s Cohort Study
BACKGROUND: Age at natural menopause is a matter of concern for women of reproductive age as both an early or late menopause may have implications for health outcomes. METHODS: Study participants were women aged 40-65 years who had experienced a natural menopause from the UK Women's Cohort Study between baseline and first follow-up. Natural menopause was defined as the permanent cessation of menstrual periods for at least 12 consecutive months. A…
Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality—a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies
Ethnic differences in dietary intake at age 12 and 18 months: The Born in Bradford 1000 Study
Objective To compare the intake of key indicator foods at age 12 months and 18 months between infants of Pakistani and White British origin. Design Logistic regression was used to model associations between ethnicity and consumption of key indicator foods defined by high or low energy density using an FFQ at age 12 and 18 months. Setting Born in Bradford 1000 study, Bradford, UK. Subjects Infants ( n 1259; 38 % White British, 49 % Pakistani), mea…
Maternal alcohol intake prior to and during pregnancy and risk of adverse birth outcomes: Evidence from a British cohort
BACKGROUND: Evidence is conflicting regarding the relationship between low maternal alcohol consumption and birth outcomes. This paper aimed to investigate the association between alcohol intake before and during pregnancy with birth weight and gestational age and to examine the effect of timing of exposure. METHODS: A prospective cohort in Leeds, UK, of 1303 pregnant women aged 18-45 years. Questionnaires assessed alcohol consumption before preg…
A cluster-randomised controlled trial of a school-based fruit and vegetable intervention: Project Tomato
Objective The present study aimed to determine whether a multi-component school-based intervention can maintain children's fruit and vegetable intake post eligibility for free school fruit and vegetables. Design A random sample of fifty-four English primary schools was randomised to receive the 10-month intervention Project Tomato, a multi-component theory-based intervention, or the control. Each group consisted of twenty-seven schools. Setting C…
OP26 Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Dietary Fibre intake in the UK Women’s Cohort Study
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. CVD risk can be modified via lifestyle habits and some prospective studies indicate greater fibre intake is associated with lower CVD risk. The aim of this work was to explore this association using data from the UK Women’s Cohort Study. Methods 27,731 middle-aged women, with no prior history of CVD, were recruited in the mid 1990’s and fol…
Does Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy Play a Role in the Association Found Between Maternal Caffeine Intake and Fetal Growth Restriction
Process evaluation of a cluster randomised controlled trial of a school-based fruit and vegetable intervention: Project Tomato
Objective The present analysis evaluates the overall appreciation and implementation of an intervention, Project Tomato, designed to maintain fruit and vegetable intake in children aged 8–9 years. Design A random sample of fifty-four English primary schools (658 children) were randomised to either the intervention group or the control. The intervention group received a multi-component programme delivered in school by teachers and items sent home …
High-dose vitamin C supplement use is associated with self-reported histories of breast cancer and other illnesses in the UK Women’s Cohort Study
Objective To determine whether frequent vitamin C supplement use is associated with healthier behaviours, and a history of cancer and other illnesses in UK women. Design The present cross-sectional analysis examines the odds of taking supplements containing vitamin C as recorded in 4 d food diaries, based on lifestyle characteristics and morbidity history self-reported by questionnaire. Setting A large national UK cohort study. Subjects A total o…
P2-119 Use of supplements containing vitamin C and breast cancer risk in the UK Women's Cohort Study
Introduction Vitamin C supplementation is common in UK women and high doses are often consumed, however evidence is lacking regarding their effects on breast cancer risk in UK users. Method 11 184 middle-aged women from the UK Women's Cohort Study were followed up for a median of 7.4 years. Associations between 239 registered incident breast cancers and vitamin C contained in supplements recorded by 4-day diaries were analysed by Cox's regression…
P1-74 Is iron intake during early pregnancy associated with size at birth? Insights revealed through structural equation modelling
Introduction Iron deficiency during early pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes. Results of studies investigating the relationship between dietary iron intake during pregnancy and birth size are conflicting. Methods We aimed to investigate the association between iron intake during pregnancy and birth size in a prospective cohort of 1274 pregnant women (18–45 years) in Leeds, UK, where iron supplements are not routinely recommended …
P1-109 The WCRF/Aicr continuous update project: Dietary fibre intake and colorectal cancer incidence
Introduction In the WCRF/AICR 2 nd expert report, it was concluded that foods containing dietary fibre probably decreases colorectal cancer risk. As part of the WCRF Continuous Update Project, we updated the associations between dietary intake of total fibre and by dietary sources, and colorectal cancer incidence. Methods Relevant prospective studies were identified in PubMed until May 2010. Random effect dose-response meta-analyses were performe…
O3-3.4 Fruit and vegetables and colorectal cancer risk: A non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies
Introduction The association between fruit and vegetable intake and colorectal cancer risk has been investigated by many studies, but remains a controversial issue because of inconsistent results and weak observed associations. We summarise the evidence from cohort studies in categorical, linear and non-linear dose-response meta-analyses. Methods We searched PubMed for studies of fruit and vegetable intake and colorectal cancer risk up to May 201…
P2-118 Vitamin C intake from diary recordings and risk of breast cancer in the UK dietary cohort consortium
Introduction Vitamin C intake has been inversely associated with breast cancer risk in case-control studies, but not in meta-analyses of cohort studies using Food Frequency Questionnaires. No study has assessed this relationship prospectively using food diaries which may more accurately measure intake. Methods Estimated dietary vitamin C intake was derived from 4 to 7 day food diaries pooled from five prospective studies in the UK Dietary Cohort …
Does nutrition education in primary schools make a difference to children’s fruit and vegetable consumption
Objective To explore whether initiatives to promote fruit and vegetables in primary schools are associated with changes in children’s diet. Design Cross-sectional dietary survey. Main outcome measures were intakes of fruit, vegetables and key nutrients; and a score for initiatives promoting fruit and vegetables in school. Setting One hundred and twenty-nine English primary schools. Subjects Year 2 children (aged 6–7 years, n 2530). Results In sch…
Systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to improve fruit and vegetable intake
Objective The aims of the review were to identify school-based randomised and non-randomised controlled trials to increase daily or lunchtime fruit and vegetable intake in children and to determine the impact of school-based interventions to change fruit and vegetable consumption at lunchtime and over the whole day. Design A systematic literature review was carried out to identify appropriate trials. This was followed by meta-analysis techniques …
SMART lunch box intervention to improve the food and nutrient content of children's packed lunches: UK wide cluster randomised controlled trial
BACKGROUND: Government standards are now in place for children's school meals but not for lunches prepared at home. The aim of this trial is to improve the content of children's packed lunches. METHODS: A cluster randomised controlled trial in 89 primary schools across the UK involving 1291 children, age 8-9 years at baseline. Follow-up was 12 months after baseline. A "SMART" lunch box intervention programme consisted of food boxes, bag and suppo…
A cross-sectional survey of children's packed lunches in the UK: Food- and nutrient-based results
BACKGROUND: Standards for school meals were recently introduced in the UK; however, no such standards exist for packed lunches. This study measures the provision and consumption of a range of food types and nutrients in British children's packed lunches and compares the results with the prevailing school meal standards in England. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey data was collected from 1294 children, age 8-9 years, attending 89 British primary sc…
Do imprecise measures of alcohol intake influence drinking recommendations relating to ischaemic heart disease
0.72, for girls 5.5 vs 7.7%, OR 0.72) scores compared with those born to abstainers. For boys the association for total difficulties remained statistically significant in fully adjusted models. Boys born to light drinkers had higher mean cognitive test scores compared to those born to abstainers: Naming Vocabulary (58 vs 55), Picture Similarities (56 vs 55), and Pattern Construction (52 vs 50) and the differences for Naming Vocabulary and Picture…
Reproducibility of systematic literature reviews on food, nutrition, physical activity and endometrial cancer
Objective Despite the increasing dependence on systematic reviews to summarise the literature and to issue public health recommendations, the formal assessment of the reliability of conclusions emerging from systematic reviews has received little attention. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate whether two independent centres, in two continents, draw similar conclusions regarding the association of food, nutrition and physical activi…
Use of supermarket receipts to estimate energy and fat content of food purchased by lean and overweight families
Does the school fruit and vegetable scheme improve children’s diet? A non-randomised controlled trial
Objective: Evaluation of the impact on diet of the school fruit and vegetable scheme (SFVS). Design: Non-randomised controlled trial. Setting: Infant and primary schools in the north of England. Participants: 3703 children aged four to six years (reception, year 1, and year 2). Intervention: One portion of fruit or vegetable provided per child on each school day between February and December 2004. Main outcome measures: Fruit and vegetables consu…
Maternal alcohol intake prior to and during pregnancy and risk of adverse birth outcomes: Evidence from a British cohort
BACKGROUND: Evidence is conflicting regarding the relationship between low maternal alcohol consumption and birth outcomes. This paper aimed to investigate the association between alcohol intake before and during pregnancy with birth weight and gestational age and to examine the effect of timing of exposure. METHODS: A prospective cohort in Leeds, UK, of 1303 pregnant women aged 18-45 years. Questionnaires assessed alcohol consumption before preg…
A cross-sectional survey of children's packed lunches in the UK: Food- and nutrient-based results
BACKGROUND: Standards for school meals were recently introduced in the UK; however, no such standards exist for packed lunches. This study measures the provision and consumption of a range of food types and nutrients in British children's packed lunches and compares the results with the prevailing school meal standards in England. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey data was collected from 1294 children, age 8-9 years, attending 89 British primary sc…
Lifestyle factors affecting fruit and vegetable consumption in the UK Women's Cohort Study
SMART lunch box intervention to improve the food and nutrient content of children's packed lunches: UK wide cluster randomised controlled trial
BACKGROUND: Government standards are now in place for children's school meals but not for lunches prepared at home. The aim of this trial is to improve the content of children's packed lunches. METHODS: A cluster randomised controlled trial in 89 primary schools across the UK involving 1291 children, age 8-9 years at baseline. Follow-up was 12 months after baseline. A "SMART" lunch box intervention programme consisted of food boxes, bag and suppo…
Public perception of a range of potential food risks in the United Kingdom
Cluster randomized controlled trial of volitional and motivational interventions to improve bowel cancer screening uptake: A population-level study
The study did not support any benefit of either VHS or SNA interventions alone on bowel cancer screening uptake. The combined SNA+VHS intervention was significantly different from control only in the youngest age group in adjusted analyses. However, the magnitude of effect in the youngest age group suggests that further testing of VHS plus SNA interventions in carefully targeted populations may be warranted
How do economic status and social support influence survival after initial recovery from acute myocardial infarction
How do economic status and social support influence survival after initial recovery from acute myocardial infarction
Stress, social support, and stopping smoking after myocardial infarction in England
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To examine the effect on mortality of stopping smoking after myocardial infarction and the psychosocial factors that influence the decision to stop. DESIGN--Analysis of smokers in a large prospective study. Self completed questionnaires provided information on psychosocial factors. SETTING--Coronary care units at six English hospitals participating in a multicentre clinical trial. SUBJECTS--These comprised consenting myocardial i…
Conservatively managed tibial shaft fractures in Nottingham, UK: Are pain, osteoarthritis, and disability long-term complications
OBJECTIVES: To investigate longterm pain and disability subsequent to a tibial shaft fracture treated conservatively. DESIGN AND SETTING: Subjects who had sustained a tibial shaft fracture more than 27 years ago were compared with those who had not. SUBJECTS: 572 fracture patients (identified from the records of the plaster room) aged over 16 at the time of injury were contracted and were compared with 2285 randomly selected subjects matched for …
Costs of a healthy diet: Analysis from the UK Women's Cohort Study
Objective: To investigate the direct and indirect cost differences associated with eating a ‘healthy’ or ‘unhealthy’ diet. Design: Analysis of data from a baseline postal questionnaire for the UK Women's Cohort Study, including a detailed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), supplemented by a telephone interview on a sub-sample. Subjects: The first 15 191 women who responded to the questionnaire, aged 35–69 years with similar numbers of meat eater…
The use of supermarket till receipts to determine the fat and energy intake in a UK population
Objectives: To validate the use of supermarket receipts as an index of fat and energy intake in a population that buys most of its food from supermarkets. Design: Cross-sectional, prospective dietary survey – feasibility study. Setting: Households situated within a 20-mile radius of a large (Tesco) supermarket in Leeds. Subjects: Two hundred and fourteen households who spend ≥=60% of their food purse in (Tesco and other) supermarkets. Results: Me…
Lifestyle factors affecting fruit and vegetable consumption in the UK Women's Cohort Study
Motivations for fruit and vegetable consumption in the UK Women's Cohort Study
Background: Despite recommendations to increase fruit and vegetable consumption within the UK population, intakes are still too low. In order to stimulate dietary behaviour change the determinants of food choice need to be explored. Objectives: To investigate how the priorities of high consumers of fruit and vegetables differ from those of low consumers, with respect to food choice motivations, and to identify what value high and low consumers pl…
Public perception of a range of potential food risks in the United Kingdom
Use of supermarket receipts to estimate energy and fat content of food purchased by lean and overweight families
Does the school fruit and vegetable scheme improve children’s diet? A non-randomised controlled trial
Objective: Evaluation of the impact on diet of the school fruit and vegetable scheme (SFVS). Design: Non-randomised controlled trial. Setting: Infant and primary schools in the north of England. Participants: 3703 children aged four to six years (reception, year 1, and year 2). Intervention: One portion of fruit or vegetable provided per child on each school day between February and December 2004. Main outcome measures: Fruit and vegetables consu…
Reproducibility of systematic literature reviews on food, nutrition, physical activity and endometrial cancer
Objective Despite the increasing dependence on systematic reviews to summarise the literature and to issue public health recommendations, the formal assessment of the reliability of conclusions emerging from systematic reviews has received little attention. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate whether two independent centres, in two continents, draw similar conclusions regarding the association of food, nutrition and physical activi…
Do imprecise measures of alcohol intake influence drinking recommendations relating to ischaemic heart disease
0.72, for girls 5.5 vs 7.7%, OR 0.72) scores compared with those born to abstainers. For boys the association for total difficulties remained statistically significant in fully adjusted models. Boys born to light drinkers had higher mean cognitive test scores compared to those born to abstainers: Naming Vocabulary (58 vs 55), Picture Similarities (56 vs 55), and Pattern Construction (52 vs 50) and the differences for Naming Vocabulary and Picture…
Does nutrition education in primary schools make a difference to children’s fruit and vegetable consumption
Objective To explore whether initiatives to promote fruit and vegetables in primary schools are associated with changes in children’s diet. Design Cross-sectional dietary survey. Main outcome measures were intakes of fruit, vegetables and key nutrients; and a score for initiatives promoting fruit and vegetables in school. Setting One hundred and twenty-nine English primary schools. Subjects Year 2 children (aged 6–7 years, n 2530). Results In sch…
Systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to improve fruit and vegetable intake
Objective The aims of the review were to identify school-based randomised and non-randomised controlled trials to increase daily or lunchtime fruit and vegetable intake in children and to determine the impact of school-based interventions to change fruit and vegetable consumption at lunchtime and over the whole day. Design A systematic literature review was carried out to identify appropriate trials. This was followed by meta-analysis techniques …
SMART lunch box intervention to improve the food and nutrient content of children's packed lunches: UK wide cluster randomised controlled trial
BACKGROUND: Government standards are now in place for children's school meals but not for lunches prepared at home. The aim of this trial is to improve the content of children's packed lunches. METHODS: A cluster randomised controlled trial in 89 primary schools across the UK involving 1291 children, age 8-9 years at baseline. Follow-up was 12 months after baseline. A "SMART" lunch box intervention programme consisted of food boxes, bag and suppo…
A cross-sectional survey of children's packed lunches in the UK: Food- and nutrient-based results
BACKGROUND: Standards for school meals were recently introduced in the UK; however, no such standards exist for packed lunches. This study measures the provision and consumption of a range of food types and nutrients in British children's packed lunches and compares the results with the prevailing school meal standards in England. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey data was collected from 1294 children, age 8-9 years, attending 89 British primary sc…
High-dose vitamin C supplement use is associated with self-reported histories of breast cancer and other illnesses in the UK Women’s Cohort Study
Objective To determine whether frequent vitamin C supplement use is associated with healthier behaviours, and a history of cancer and other illnesses in UK women. Design The present cross-sectional analysis examines the odds of taking supplements containing vitamin C as recorded in 4 d food diaries, based on lifestyle characteristics and morbidity history self-reported by questionnaire. Setting A large national UK cohort study. Subjects A total o…
P2-119 Use of supplements containing vitamin C and breast cancer risk in the UK Women's Cohort Study
Introduction Vitamin C supplementation is common in UK women and high doses are often consumed, however evidence is lacking regarding their effects on breast cancer risk in UK users. Method 11 184 middle-aged women from the UK Women's Cohort Study were followed up for a median of 7.4 years. Associations between 239 registered incident breast cancers and vitamin C contained in supplements recorded by 4-day diaries were analysed by Cox's regression…
P1-74 Is iron intake during early pregnancy associated with size at birth? Insights revealed through structural equation modelling
Introduction Iron deficiency during early pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes. Results of studies investigating the relationship between dietary iron intake during pregnancy and birth size are conflicting. Methods We aimed to investigate the association between iron intake during pregnancy and birth size in a prospective cohort of 1274 pregnant women (18–45 years) in Leeds, UK, where iron supplements are not routinely recommended …
P1-109 The WCRF/Aicr continuous update project: Dietary fibre intake and colorectal cancer incidence
Introduction In the WCRF/AICR 2 nd expert report, it was concluded that foods containing dietary fibre probably decreases colorectal cancer risk. As part of the WCRF Continuous Update Project, we updated the associations between dietary intake of total fibre and by dietary sources, and colorectal cancer incidence. Methods Relevant prospective studies were identified in PubMed until May 2010. Random effect dose-response meta-analyses were performe…
O3-3.4 Fruit and vegetables and colorectal cancer risk: A non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies
Introduction The association between fruit and vegetable intake and colorectal cancer risk has been investigated by many studies, but remains a controversial issue because of inconsistent results and weak observed associations. We summarise the evidence from cohort studies in categorical, linear and non-linear dose-response meta-analyses. Methods We searched PubMed for studies of fruit and vegetable intake and colorectal cancer risk up to May 201…
P2-118 Vitamin C intake from diary recordings and risk of breast cancer in the UK dietary cohort consortium
Introduction Vitamin C intake has been inversely associated with breast cancer risk in case-control studies, but not in meta-analyses of cohort studies using Food Frequency Questionnaires. No study has assessed this relationship prospectively using food diaries which may more accurately measure intake. Methods Estimated dietary vitamin C intake was derived from 4 to 7 day food diaries pooled from five prospective studies in the UK Dietary Cohort …
Does Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy Play a Role in the Association Found Between Maternal Caffeine Intake and Fetal Growth Restriction
Process evaluation of a cluster randomised controlled trial of a school-based fruit and vegetable intervention: Project Tomato
Objective The present analysis evaluates the overall appreciation and implementation of an intervention, Project Tomato, designed to maintain fruit and vegetable intake in children aged 8–9 years. Design A random sample of fifty-four English primary schools (658 children) were randomised to either the intervention group or the control. The intervention group received a multi-component programme delivered in school by teachers and items sent home …
Medicine (33 works) · Environmental health (21 works) · Internal Medicine (21 works) · Cohort study (14 works) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (14 works) · Cohort (13 works) · Demography (12 works) · Internal Medicine (12 works) · Nutritional Studies and Diet (12 works) · Biology (10 works)