Richard F Gillum
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 143078 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Richard F Gillum |
| PRENOMES | Richard F |
| SOBRENOME | Gillum |
| ASSINATURA | GILLUM R F |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Howard University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9157-3837 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 55 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 38 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 55 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1983 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Geographic Variation in Racial Disparities in Age-Adjusted Mortality Rates in Mississippi
Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021
BACKGROUND: Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mort…
Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic
BACKGROUND: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 cou…
Frequency of Attendance at Religious Services and Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Geographic Heterogeneity in Influenza and Pneumonia Mortality in Hispanic Americans
(1) Background : Influenza and pneumonia (IP) is a leading cause of death in the US. The hypothesis was tested that the mortality rate differential between Hispanic whites (HW) and non-Hispanic whites (NHW) from IP varied by geographic region in the US. (2) Methods : The CDC database for multiple causes of death between 1999-2018 was used for this study. For ages 25-84, age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 (AAMR) for IP were computed by Hispa…
Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017
BACKGROUND: Previous attempts to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases have focused only on specific disease conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. In this study, we aimed to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases globally, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis on geographical and time trends from 1990 to 2017. METHODS: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease…
Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consisten…
Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017
BACKGROUND: Suboptimal diet is an important preventable risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs); however, its impact on the burden of NCDs has not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of major foods and nutrients across 195 countries and to quantify the impact of their suboptimal intake on NCD mortality and morbidity. METHODS: By use of a comparative risk assessment approach, we estimated the propor…
Disparities in Sepsis Mortality by Region, Urbanization, and Race in the USA
Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017
BACKGROUND: Assessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent wit…
Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017
BACKGROUND: Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD …
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017
BackgroundThe Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk–outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk–outcome associatio…
Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption
BACKGROUND: Low-risk limits recommended for alcohol consumption vary substantially across different national guidelines. To define thresholds associated with lowest risk for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease, we studied individual-participant data from 599 912 current drinkers without previous cardiovascular disease. METHODS: We did a combined analysis of individual-participant data from three large-scale data sources in 19 high-inco…
The US Virgin Islands
AffiliationsRichard F. Gillum is with the Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC
The Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Black Diaspora
Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990–2015
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are common diseases with a heterogeneous distribution worldwide. Here, we present methods and disease and risk estimates for COPD and asthma from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) 2015 study. The GBD study provides annual updates on estimates of deaths, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), a summary measure of fatal and non-fatal d…
Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries
BACKGROUND: The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are grounded in the global ambition of "leaving no one behind". Understanding today's gains and gaps for the health-related SDGs is essential for decision makers as they aim to improve the health of populations. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016), we measured 37 of the 50 health-related SDG indicators over the period 1990-2016 for 188…
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016
BACKGROUND: As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and populations age, non-fatal outcomes of diseases and injuries are becoming a larger component of the global burden of disease. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 328 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. METHO…
Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015
BACKGROUND: The scale-up of tobacco control, especially after the adoption of the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, is a major public health success story. Nonetheless, smoking remains a leading risk for early death and disability worldwide, and therefore continues to require sustained political commitment. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) offers a robust platform through which global, regional, and na…
Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016
BACKGROUND: Monitoring levels and trends in premature mortality is crucial to understanding how societies can address prominent sources of early death. The Global Burden of Disease 2016 Study (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 264 causes in 195 locations from 1980 to 2016. This assessment includes evaluation of the expected epidemiological transition with changes in development and where local patterns …
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2016
BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of risk factor exposure and attributable burden of disease. By providing estimates over a long time series, this study can monitor risk exposure trends critical to health surveillance and inform policy debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. METHODS: We used the comparative risk assessment framework dev…
Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016
BACKGROUND: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and …
Before Bioethics
Health Care as a Social Good
Prevalence of overweight and weight loss behavior in a metropolitan adult population
Data from two major surveys, conducted in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area in 1973-74 and 1980-81, were used to estimate the prevalence of overweight. In 1980-81, weight history and the prevalence of dieting behaviors were also obtained. The prevalence of overweight was greater in the 1980-81 survey than in 1973-74. Increases were observed in all ages in women, but only in the 40-59 year age ranges in men. In 1980-81, dieting to control…
Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Work and Health
Glorian Sorensen, Phyllis Pirie, Aaron Folsom, Russell Luepker, David Jacobs, Richard Gillum, Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Work and Health: The Minnesota Heart Survey, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Dec., 1985), pp. 379-394
Religiousness and Blood Donation
Religions instruct individuals to engage in prosocial behaviors. Previous studies are lacking on a positive relation between religiousness and blood donation. We tested this hypothesis using a national survey of 7611 women and 4282 men aged 18-44 years. In women, positive associations of childhood religious affiliation, current affiliation and attendance with blood donation were seen on bivariate analysis but were no longer significant when socio…
Weight and sodium reduction for the prevention of hypertension
Ninety-three overweight adult males with labile blood pressure elevation participated in a 20-week dietary intervention program to achieve a 10 per cent reduction in body weight and a reduction in dietary sodium intake to 70 milliequivalents per day. By random assignment, half were treated with intensive group treatment procedures and half with individual counseling. Written handouts and assignments were identical, as was the schedule of treatmen…
Coronary heart disease mortality trends in Minnesota, 1960-80
Age-adjusted mortality rates and trends from coronary heart disease (CHD) in Minnesota for the years 1960 to 1980 differed among eight health service areas. Regression of ten socioeconomic and demographic factors and intensive care and coronary care unit beds on area CHD mortality levels and slopes revealed a significant positive association only for levels of welfare income-maintenance assistance with CHD mortality levels; there were no associat…
Weight and sodium reduction for the prevention of hypertension
Ninety-three overweight adult males with labile blood pressure elevation participated in a 20-week dietary intervention program to achieve a 10 per cent reduction in body weight and a reduction in dietary sodium intake to 70 milliequivalents per day. By random assignment, half were treated with intensive group treatment procedures and half with individual counseling. Written handouts and assignments were identical, as was the schedule of treatmen…
Prevalence of overweight and weight loss behavior in a metropolitan adult population
Data from two major surveys, conducted in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area in 1973-74 and 1980-81, were used to estimate the prevalence of overweight. In 1980-81, weight history and the prevalence of dieting behaviors were also obtained. The prevalence of overweight was greater in the 1980-81 survey than in 1973-74. Increases were observed in all ages in women, but only in the 40-59 year age ranges in men. In 1980-81, dieting to control…
Citizen cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and use in a metropolitan area
To assess the prevalence and utility of citizen cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training, a systematic population-based sample of Minneapolis-St. Paul area adults, age 25-74 years, was interviewed in 1980-81. Twenty-three per cent were CPR trained. Of these, 13 percent have encountered out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and 38 per cent reported using their skills in such an emergency. Most of those performing out-of-hospital CPR (59 per cent) we…
Consumption of 'low-yield' cigarettes
To determine the use and possible health risks of low-yield cigarettes, we ascertained the cigarette brands and serum thiocyanate (SCN) levels of 2,561 adult smokers (age 25-74) in population-based samples of seven upper Midwestern communities during 1980-82. Brands were coded according to December 1981 Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ratings for "tar", nicotine, and carbon monoxide (CO). Compared to 1980 data from the National Center for Health S…
Coronary heart disease mortality trends in Minnesota, 1960-80
Age-adjusted mortality rates and trends from coronary heart disease (CHD) in Minnesota for the years 1960 to 1980 differed among eight health service areas. Regression of ten socioeconomic and demographic factors and intensive care and coronary care unit beds on area CHD mortality levels and slopes revealed a significant positive association only for levels of welfare income-maintenance assistance with CHD mortality levels; there were no associat…
Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Work and Health
Glorian Sorensen, Phyllis Pirie, Aaron Folsom, Russell Luepker, David Jacobs, Richard Gillum, Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Work and Health: The Minnesota Heart Survey, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Dec., 1985), pp. 379-394
Validity of Self-Reported Hypertension in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988–1991
Sudden cardiac death in Hispanic Americans and African Americans
OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to estimate rates of sudden cardiac death in US Hispanics and African Americans. METHODS: Data on coronary deaths occurring outside of the hospital or in emergency rooms were examined for 1992. RESULTS: In 1992, 53% (8194) of coronary heart disease deaths among Hispanic Americans 25 years of age and older occurred outside of the hospital or in emergency rooms. The percentage was lower among Hispanics than am…
Coronary heart disease risk factors and attributable risks in African-American women and men
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed associations of risk factors with coronary heart disease incidence in African Americans. METHODS: The participants in the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study included in this analysis were 1641 Black and 9660 White persons who were aged 25 to 74 years when examined and who did not have a history of coronary heart disease. Average follow-up for survivors was 19 years. RESULTS: Significant, independent risk factor…
Religiousness, Health, and Health Behavior in Public-Use Data of the National Center for Health Statistics
Frequency of Attendance at Religious Services and Mortality in a U.S. National Cohort
Access to Health Care and Religion among Young American Men
In order to elucidate cultural correlates of utilization of primary health services by young adult men, we investigated religion in which one was raised and service utilization. Using data from a national survey we tested the hypothesis that religion raised predicts access to and utilization of a regular medical care provider, examinations, HIV and other STD testing and counseling at ages 18-44 years in men born between 1958 and 1984. We also hyp…
Associations of Prayer, Mind-Body Therapy, and Smoking Cessation in a National Survey
Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death. Many people use mind-body therapies and/or prayer to assist them in smoking cessation, but more information on their effectiveness is needed. In the 2002 National Health Interview Survey, 5,864 persons aged 18 or older reported smoking in the prior 12 mo.; among these, users of any of 10 mind-body therapies or prayer were compared to nonusers to assess smoking cessation attempts and smoking cessa…
Religiousness and Blood Donation
Religions instruct individuals to engage in prosocial behaviors. Previous studies are lacking on a positive relation between religiousness and blood donation. We tested this hypothesis using a national survey of 7611 women and 4282 men aged 18-44 years. In women, positive associations of childhood religious affiliation, current affiliation and attendance with blood donation were seen on bivariate analysis but were no longer significant when socio…
Population Surveillance of Dementia Mortality
Geographic and temporal variation in occurrence of dementia within the US has received little attention despite its importance for generation of new etiologic hypotheses and health services research. We examine methodological problems in the use of vital statistics data for assessing variation over time, among states and within states in the US. We analyzed the US multiple cause of death files for 2005-2006 and 1999-2000 US deaths with Alzheimer'…
Common values in assessing health outcomes from disease and injury
Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010
Disability-adjusted life years (Dalys) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010
Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010
Racial and geographic variation in coronary heart disease mortality trends
Between 1999 and 2007, the level and rate of decline in CHD mortality displayed persistent disparities. Declines were greater in EA than AA racial groups. Rates were greater in the Ohio and Mississippi River than other geographic regions
Association of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity With Mortality
IMPORTANCE The prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity is increasing. OBJECTIVE To estimate reductions in life expectancy associated with cardiometabolic multimorbidity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Age-and sex-adjusted mortality rates and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using individual participant data from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (689 300 participants; 91 cohorts; years of baseline surveys: 1960-2007; latest morta…
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (Dalys) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (Hale), 1990–2015
BACKGROUND: Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across geographies and time that can inform assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance, help to prioritise investments in research and development, and monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aimed to provide updated HALE and DALYs for geographies worldwide and evaluate ho…
Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries
BACKGROUND: In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33 health-related SDG indicators based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015). METHODS: We applied statistical methods to systematically compiled data to estimate the performance of…
Medicine (52 obras) · Environmental health (38 obras) · Demography (32 obras) · Population (30 obras) · Disease (19 obras) · Burden of disease (18 obras) · Internal Medicine (18 obras) · Gerontology (16 obras) · Health disparities and outcomes (16 obras) · Public health (15 obras)