Sarah Maccarthy
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1446305 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Sarah Maccarthy |
| PRENOMES | Sarah |
| SOBRENOME | Maccarthy |
| ASSINATURA | MACCARTHY S |
| AFILIAÇÕES | RAND Corporation |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6468-8009 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 45 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 21 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 45 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2008 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
The Health of Sexual and Gender Minority People with Disabilities
In 2023 the NIH designated people with disabilities as a population experiencing health disparities, adding to a list that included sexual and gender minority (SGM) people. Health disparities of each group have been documented, but studies exploring their intersection are limited. The objective of this systematic scoping review is to characterize current research on SGM people with disabilities in the United States, including outcomes investigate…
Multiple methods findings from a systematic scoping review and qualitative interviews to inform LGBTQ+ affirming practices for nursing education
Background Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and other gender and sexual minority people (LGBTQ+) individuals face dramatic inequities in health outcomes across the US and especially those residing in the Deep South due to pervasive LGBTQ+-related stigma and discrimination. A significant barrier repeatedly noted is the lack of clinicians trained to provide LGBTQ+-affirming care. Given that nurses play a critical role in patient care, research w…
Damned if you do, damned if you don't
Sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data collection is often framed as a cornerstone of diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility efforts. Yet decisions about whether, how, and when to collect SOGI data are inherently contextual and increasingly precarious. Drawing on prior empirical synthesis and lived experience navigating the termination of federally funded sexual and gender minority (SGM)-focused grants in the United States (U…
The price of shame
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people experience a higher prevalence of adverse health outcomes compared to their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts due, in part, to shame related to sexual orientation and gender identity. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and synthesize empirical evidence of the effects of shame on SGM populations in the United States. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we systematically searched for studie…
Hyper-Local, Place-Based Strategies to Increase PrEP Uptake Among Black Sexual Minority Men in Alabama
We describe a community–academic pilot to strengthen pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) outreach for Black sexual minority men (BSMM) in Birmingham, Alabama, using hyper-local, place-based digital advertising delivered in two micro-settings. Brief formative interviews with BSMM and local consensus discussions with a trusted community partner informed two tailored advertisements. Using platform metrics and routine program data, we assessed feasibilit…
An integrated set of citation network analytic approaches with qualitative methods to evaluate the impact of early articles in a body of literature over time
Recommendations for clinical practice from early, seminal publications may be widely cited and influential many years later, even when opposing evidence emerges. We employed a dynamic new combination of citation network analytic approaches with qualitative methods to measure and compare the impact of early articles in a body of literature over time. We apply these mixed-methods tools to the work of John Money, a controversial figure in intersex r…
Developing a community-informed sexual and gender minority health research training program in the Deep South
The largest sexual (e.g., lesbian, gay and bisexual) and gender (e.g., transgender, nonbinary, gender diverse) minority (SGM) population in the United States resides in the Deep South; however, this area has no legal protections for SGM individuals, who experience substantial health inequities. Researchers from the Deep South are consistently overlooked in national dialogs on SGM health, with few SGM health training programs located in this area …
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy HIV Prevention Intervention for Immigrant Latino Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men who Have Sex with Men
Latino gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (LGBMSM) are disproportionally affected by HIV in the U.S. We tested a culturally tailored community-based group HIV prevention intervention ("Siempre Seguiré") for immigrant LGBMSM that uses cognitive behavior therapy to address coping with intersectional stigma and medical mistrust. A total of 289 immigrant LGBMSM were randomized (144 control, 145 intervention) and completed surveys at b…
Oferta de PrEP em organizações comunitárias
OBJETIVO: Avaliar se adolescentes de minorias sexuais que iniciaram a profilaxia pré-exposição sexual (PrEP) em organizações comunitárias (OC) apresentam maior vulnerabilidade social e ao HIV em comparação com adolescentes em PrEP de um serviço de saúde convencional. Além disso, avaliar se esses adolescentes tiveram um acesso mais oportuno à profilaxia. MÉTODO: Estudo demonstrativo da efetividade de PrEP, realizado na cidade de São Paulo, em duas…
A qualitative exploration of health-related present bias among HIV-positive adults in Uganda
Decision-making errors such as present bias (PB) can have important consequences for health behaviors, but have been largely studied in the financial domain. We conducted a mixed-method study on PB in the context of ART adherence among clinic-enrolled adults in Uganda (n = 39). Specifically, we quantified PB by asking about preferences between medication available sooner to minimize headaches versus available later to cure headaches. We describe …
Rural disparities in the quality of clinical care are notable and larger for males
PURPOSE: To investigate whether rural-urban differences in quality of care for Medicare Advantage (MA) enrollees vary between females and males. METHODS: Data for this study came from the 2019 Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set. Linear regression was used to investigate urban-rural differences in individual MA enrollee scores on 34 clinical care measures grouped into 7 categories, and how those differences varied by sex (through ev…
Exploring differences in perceptions of gentrification, neighborhood satisfaction, social cohesion, and health among residents of two predominantly African American Pittsburgh neighborhoods (n = 60)
These findings suggest that while gentrification can bring much needed improvements to neighborhoods, it can also bring other disruptive changes that affect the health and wellbeing of existing residents
Food Insecurity During the Covid-19 Pandemic
HIV prevalence among transgender women in Northeast Brazil – Findings from two Respondent Driven Sampling studies
We found disproportionately high HIV prevalence among TGW, which underscores the context of vulnerability for this population. The data point to the urgency for intensification and expansion of access to HIV prevention and strategies to stop discrimination in health care and services for this population
The one who doesn’t take ART medication has no wealth at all and no purpose on Earth” – a qualitative assessment of how HIV-positive adults in Uganda understand the health and wealth-related benefits …
PLWH consider short and long-term health benefits of ART. Programming designed to shape ART uptake and increase adherence should emphasize the broader benefits of ART at various levels. Having such benefits directly integrated into the design of clinic-based HIV interventions can be useful especially for PLWH who face competing interests to increase medication adherence. These benefits can ultimately help providers and policymakers better underst…
Implementation of South Africa’s Central Chronic Medicine Dispensing and Distribution Program for HIV Treatment
Culturally Competent Clinical Care for Older Sexual Minority Adults
STUDY OBJECTIVE: As recent efforts to improve culturally competent clinical care (CCCC) have largely overlooked older LGB adults, we conducted a scoping review of position statements, empirical, and non-empirical research and suggest action steps. METHODS: We followed PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews Guidelines and searched for articles 1/1/11-3/14/19 (n = 1210) and other resources (n = 52), deduplicating, dually screening abstracts (n = 1,15…
The acceptability and feasibility of a pilot study examining the impact of a mobile technology-based intervention informed by behavioral economics to improve HIV knowledge and testing frequency among …
The trial was registered on May 5, 2017 with the ClinicalTrials.gov registry [ NCT03144336 ]
Increased Depression during Covid-19 Lockdown Associated with Food Insecurity and Antiretroviral Non-Adherence among People Living with HIV in Uganda
Lessons learned from a mobile technology-based intervention informed by behavioral economics to improve ART adherence among youth in Uganda
Evidence suggests that simple text messaging interventions may not suffice to improve ART adherence among youth in low-resource settings. To address this shortcoming, we developed an intervention that shared weekly real-time adherence feedback to youth in Uganda using short message services (SMS), based on information tracked by an electronic device (Wisepill). We present results from 7 formative and 6 exit focus groups (FGs) in Mulago and Entebb…
A Pilot Test of Game Changers, a Social Network Intervention to Empower People with HIV to be Prevention Advocates in Uganda
HIV Care Experiences During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Gender Differences in Patient Experience Across Medicare Advantage Plans
“We have a stronger survival mode”
Latino men who have sex with men (LMSM) and Latina transgender women (LTGW) often lack access to HIV prevention information and strategies such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We explored knowledge gaps and culturally sensitive messaging about PrEP among HIV-negative LMSM and LTGW in Los Angeles. We recruited participants from a Latinx LGBT community-based organization. We conducted nine focus groups (n = 91 participants) with 52 LMSM and 39 …
Factors Associated with PrEP Refusal Among Transgender Women in Northeastern Brazil
Engaging Human Rights in the Response to the Evolving Zika Virus Epidemic
In late 2015, an increase in the number of infants born with microcephaly in poor communities in northeast Brazil prompted investigation of antenatal Zika infection as the cause. Zika now circulates in 69 countries, and has affected pregnancies of women in 29 countries. Public health officials, policymakers, and international organizations are considering interventions to address health consequences of the Zika epidemic. To date, public health re…
HIV and Pregnancy Intentions
Too little is known about how an HIV diagnosis and access to care and treatment affect women's childbearing intentions. As access to antiretroviral therapy improves, greater numbers of HIV-positive women are living longer, healthier lives, and many want to have children. Effectively supporting women's reproductive decisionmaking in the context of HIV requires understanding how pregnancy, reproduction, and HIV intersect and asking questions that b…
Construindo pontes
Pessoas trans, incluindo travestis, mulheres transexuais, apresentam taxas desproporcionalmente elevadas de HIV/AIDS em comparação com o restante da população. Entretanto, são poucos os estudos quantitativos/qualitativos com pessoas trans no Brasil. Assim, uma equipe de pesquisadores de diferentes áreas desenvolve um projeto de pesquisa interdisciplinar com o objetivo de conhecer as condições e os modos de vida, e ao mesmo tempo investigar fatore…
The pregnancy decisions of HIV-positive women
Despite the growing number of women living with and affected by HIV, there is still insufficient attention to their pregnancy-related needs, rights, decisions and desires in research, policy and programs. We carried out a review of the literature to ascertain the current state of knowledge and highlight areas requiring further attention. We found that contraceptive options for pregnancy prevention by HIV-positive women are insufficient: condoms a…
Late presentation to HIV/Aids care in Brazil among men who self-identify as heterosexual
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with late presentation to HIV/AIDS services among heterosexual men. METHODS: Men infected by HIV who self-identified as heterosexual (n = 543) were included in the study. Descriptive, biivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with late presentation (defined as individuals whose first CD4 count was <350 cells/mm3) in the study population. RESULTS: The …
Mind the gap
Sampling strategies such as respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and time-location sampling (TLS) offer unique opportunities to access key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women. Limited work has assessed implementation challenges of these methods. Overcoming implementation challenges can improve research quality and increase uptake of HIV services among key populations. Drawing from studies using RDS in Brazil and …
HIV and Pregnancy Intentions
Too little is known about how an HIV diagnosis and access to care and treatment affect women's childbearing intentions. As access to antiretroviral therapy improves, greater numbers of HIV-positive women are living longer, healthier lives, and many want to have children. Effectively supporting women's reproductive decisionmaking in the context of HIV requires understanding how pregnancy, reproduction, and HIV intersect and asking questions that b…
P1-134 Delays in accessing HIV/Aids health services persist in Salvador, Brazil
Introduction Even though Brazil was the first country to provide universal and free access to ARVs, substantial regional differences exist in the timing that services and care are accessed. Studies among people living with HIV have documented delays in accessing services, with the largest proportion of delayed access reported in the Northeastern Region. Further investigation is needed to understand the factors contributing to this delay despite t…
Human rights in health systems frameworks
Global initiatives and recent G8 commitments to health systems strengthening have brought increased attention to factors affecting health system performance. While equity concerns and human rights language appear often in the global health discourse, their inclusion in health systems efforts beyond rhetorical pronouncements is limited. Building on recent work assessing the extent to which features compatible with the right to health are incorpora…
The pregnancy decisions of HIV-positive women
Despite the growing number of women living with and affected by HIV, there is still insufficient attention to their pregnancy-related needs, rights, decisions and desires in research, policy and programs. We carried out a review of the literature to ascertain the current state of knowledge and highlight areas requiring further attention. We found that contraceptive options for pregnancy prevention by HIV-positive women are insufficient: condoms a…
“I did not feel like a mother”
Exclusive and safe formula feeding can eliminate the risk of vertical HIV transmission due to breastfeeding. Therefore, many countries advise all HIV-positive women to avoid breastfeeding their infants. However, little research explores the experiences of women attempting to exclusively formula feed in countries with free and universal access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This article examines the success of Brazil in supportin…
What's pregnancy got to do with it? Late presentation to HIV/Aids services in Northeastern Brazil
Despite the known benefits of early treatment initiation for individual morbidity and mortality, as well as for reducing the risk of transmission, late presentation (LP) to HIV/AIDS services remains a major concern in many countries. There is little information on LP from middle- and low-income countries and studies that do evaluate LP commonly disaggregate data by sex. It is rare, however, for researchers to further disaggregate the data by preg…
Quality, not just quantity
Studies have demonstrated that an early HIV diagnosis is a critical first step towards continued engagement in care. We examined HIV testing experiences in Salvador, Brazil, to understand how a focus on quality services can inform service provision more generally in the post-2015 global health agenda. Seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with HIV-positive pregnant women in Salvador, a large urban centre of north-east Brazil. Interv…
Making the invisible, visible
The prevalence of LP in this population was higher than noted in the global literature on LP among MSM. Heterosexual men and older age individuals experienced substantial barriers to HIV care. The stigma around same-sex behaviors and the current focus of HIV prevention and treatment campaigns on younger age individuals may limit patients' and providers' awareness of the risk for HIV and access to available services. In addition to addressing HIV-…
Prevalence and Predictors of Concurrent Sexual Partnerships in a Predominantly African American Population in Jackson, Mississippi
Contemplating abortion
Research on pregnancy termination largely assumes HIV status is the only reason why HIV-positive women contemplate abortion. As antiretroviral treatment (ART) becomes increasingly available and women are living longer, healthier lives, the time has come to consider the influence of other factors on HIV-positive women's reproductive decision-making. Because ART has been free and universally available to Brazilians for more than two decades, Brazil…
Individual and Partner-Level Factors Associated with Condom Non-Use Among African American STI Clinic Attendees in the Deep South
Barriers along the care cascade of HIV-infected men in a large urban center of Brazil
Global and national HIV/AIDS policies utilize the care cascade to emphasize the importance of continued engagement in HIV services from diagnosis to viral suppression. Several studies have documented barriers that men experience in accessing services at specific stages of care, but few have analyzed how these barriers operate along the care cascade. Brazil offers a unique setting for analyzing barriers to HIV care because it is a middle-income co…
Construindo pontes
Pessoas trans, incluindo travestis, mulheres transexuais, apresentam taxas desproporcionalmente elevadas de HIV/AIDS em comparação com o restante da população. Entretanto, são poucos os estudos quantitativos/qualitativos com pessoas trans no Brasil. Assim, uma equipe de pesquisadores de diferentes áreas desenvolve um projeto de pesquisa interdisciplinar com o objetivo de conhecer as condições e os modos de vida, e ao mesmo tempo investigar fatore…
Late presentation to HIV/Aids care in Brazil among men who self-identify as heterosexual
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with late presentation to HIV/AIDS services among heterosexual men. METHODS: Men infected by HIV who self-identified as heterosexual (n = 543) were included in the study. Descriptive, biivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with late presentation (defined as individuals whose first CD4 count was <350 cells/mm3) in the study population. RESULTS: The …
Mind the gap
Sampling strategies such as respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and time-location sampling (TLS) offer unique opportunities to access key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women. Limited work has assessed implementation challenges of these methods. Overcoming implementation challenges can improve research quality and increase uptake of HIV services among key populations. Drawing from studies using RDS in Brazil and …
From Pill to Condom, or Nothing at all
Engaging Human Rights in the Response to the Evolving Zika Virus Epidemic
In late 2015, an increase in the number of infants born with microcephaly in poor communities in northeast Brazil prompted investigation of antenatal Zika infection as the cause. Zika now circulates in 69 countries, and has affected pregnancies of women in 29 countries. Public health officials, policymakers, and international organizations are considering interventions to address health consequences of the Zika epidemic. To date, public health re…
How am I going to live?”
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02514356 . Registered August 3, 2015
“We have a stronger survival mode”
Latino men who have sex with men (LMSM) and Latina transgender women (LTGW) often lack access to HIV prevention information and strategies such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We explored knowledge gaps and culturally sensitive messaging about PrEP among HIV-negative LMSM and LTGW in Los Angeles. We recruited participants from a Latinx LGBT community-based organization. We conducted nine focus groups (n = 91 participants) with 52 LMSM and 39 …
Factors Associated with PrEP Refusal Among Transgender Women in Northeastern Brazil
Supporting Adolescents to Adhere (Sata)
Using Ancillary Sociodemographic Data to Identify Sexual Minority Adults Among Those Responding “Something Else” or “Don’t Know” to Sexual Orientation Questions
BACKGROUND: General population surveys are increasingly offering broader response options for questions on sexual orientation-for example, not only gay or lesbian, but also "something else" (SE) and "don't know" (DK). However, these additional response options are potentially confusing for those who may not know what the terms mean. Researchers studying sexual orientation-based disparities face difficult methodological trade-offs regarding how be…
Lessons learned from a mobile technology-based intervention informed by behavioral economics to improve ART adherence among youth in Uganda
Evidence suggests that simple text messaging interventions may not suffice to improve ART adherence among youth in low-resource settings. To address this shortcoming, we developed an intervention that shared weekly real-time adherence feedback to youth in Uganda using short message services (SMS), based on information tracked by an electronic device (Wisepill). We present results from 7 formative and 6 exit focus groups (FGs) in Mulago and Entebb…
A Pilot Test of Game Changers, a Social Network Intervention to Empower People with HIV to be Prevention Advocates in Uganda
HIV Care Experiences During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Medicine (34 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (32 obras) · Family medicine (24 obras) · Environmental health (17 obras) · Nursing (17 obras) · Psychology (17 obras) · Public health (17 obras) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (15 obras) · Population (15 obras) · HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk (14 obras)