Haley Kranstuber Horstman
Biographic Data
| ID | 145550 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Haley Kranstuber Horstman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Haley Kranstuber |
| FAMILY NAME | Horstman |
| SIGNATURE | HORSTMAN H K |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Missouri |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9409-6554 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 88 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Evolution and Future Directions for the Theory of Memorable Messages in Family Communication
This article reviews the historical and recent approaches to understanding memorable messages in the context of families. Theoretical and atheoretical approaches to memorable message research are explored, with special attention to the emerging Theory of Memorable Messages (ToMM) and its recent family communication scholarship. The authors elaborate and offer recommendations for future directions and practical applications for ToMM scholarship in…
Intergenerational Sense-Making About Historical Trauma: Parent-Child Conversations About Apartheid in South Africa
Introduction to the Special Issue on Communication in Global Families
The story of us: How online daters narrate their courtship
Online dating is common in the United States. We draw on communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) theory to explore how online daters reflect on the development of their relationships. Using an oral history interview protocol, we collected courtship stories from 50 U.S. adults who were engaged or married to a partner that they met in online dating. We coded their stories for common narrative arcs and counter narratives that they used to describ…
Pregnancy During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Communicated Narrative Sense-Making and Resilience
Grounded in communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) theory and communication theory of resilience (CTR), the current study investigated how women narratively constructed resilience surrounding pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the adverse effects of stress on pregnant individuals and their babies, it is important to understand the triggers and process of resilience in this context. We interviewed 21 cisgender women who were pregnan…
“Baba, you’re not gonna live forever … . we need these stories”: Intergenerational storytelling in Palestinian families connecting history, identity, and (the loss of) place
The current study integrates communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) theory with the ecological systems model to investigate intergenerational family storytelling (IGFS) in Palestinian families. Amidst historical and ongoing persecution, members of the Palestinian diaspora are tasked with making sense of their cultural and familial experiences. This study aims to understand how IGFS affects members’ meanings, values, and beliefs related to the…
Polish Family War Stories: Perpetuating and Healing Intergenerational Trauma
Communicated Resilience in Mothers’ Narratives about the Diagnosis and Birth of Their Child with Down Syndrome
Living the stories of your great-grandmother”: Making sense of Russia’s war in Ukraine through Polish intergenerational family storytelling
After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Polish people were tasked with making sense of war in close proximity while supporting millions of Ukrainian refugees fleeing to Poland. In times of distress, such as war and refugee crises, intergenerational storytelling helps people make sense of their experience. Interviews with 28 Polish adults during the first five months of the war revealed that intergenerational family storytelling prompted t…
Memorable messages regarding adoption and religion: Perspectives of adult adoptees
Memorable messages that adoptees receive throughout development may have lasting impacts on their well-being, identity development, and relationships. Given historical and current adoption practices that link adoption and Christianity, more research is needed to examine the memorable messages that adoptees received while being raised in these religious contexts. Using a qualitative approach grounded in the communicated sense-making model, 41 adul…
Memorable Messages Embedded in Men’s Stories of Miscarriage: Extending Communicated Narrative Sense-Making and Memorable Message Theorizing
Miscarriage occurs in roughly one in five pregnancies in the United States. Although it is largely considered a “women’s issue,” non-miscarrying spouses also endure the mental and relational health effects of the loss. Drawing on communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) theory, we interviewed heterosexual, cisgender, mostly white, married men (n = 45) to solicit their stories of their spouse’s miscarriage. Six types of memorable messages (i.e.,…
Communication Privacy Management in Open Adoption Relationships: Negotiating Co-ownership across In-person and Mediated Communication
Open adoption relationships are rife with privacy dilemmas and fuzzy boundaries, which require ongoing coordination of private disclosures as a result. The present study employed communication privacy management (CPM) theory to examine adoptive parents’ ( N = 354) private disclosures with the birth family across in-person and mediated (i.e., texting and social media) contexts. SEM analysis revealed that adoptive families who were more private and…
Navigating Pregnancy during the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Social Support in Communicated Narrative Sense-making
Grounded in communicated narrative sense-making theory (CNSM), this study explored how women who were pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 21) communicatively made sense of their experience in light of their received social support. Interview data were inductively analyzed for emergent themes and deductively analyzed for type of social support and narrative tone. Findings uncovered themes of a) connecting to mitigate stress, b) drawing on o…
Communicated perspective-taking (CPT) and storylistening: Testing the impact of CPT in the context of friends telling stories of difficulty
Grounded in communicated narrative sense-making theory (CNSM), the purpose of the current study was to test the effects of storylisteners' communicated perspective taking (CPT) on storytellers' well-being and evaluations of storylisteners' communication skills in the context of telling stories about difficulty. Pairs of friends ( n = 37) engaged in a storytelling interaction in which one person told a story of a difficult life experience (DLE). L…
Reducing political polarization through narrative writing
This study proposes two complementary writing activities designed to reduce affective polarization and malevolent outgroup attributions. The strategies draw on narrative theorizing and intergroup contact theory. Our intervention is low cost and can be effectively administrated in educational settings to combat the deleterious effects of political polarization. In this four-group between-subjects randomized experiment (n = 179), we found that a fi…
Parents’ Retrospective Storytelling of Their Child’s Coming Out: Investigating Contributions of Communicated Perspective-Taking in Relation to Well-Being
Guided by communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) theory, we surveyed parents (n= 133) to elicit retrospective stories of their child’s coming out as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) and to assess perceptions of their child’s communicated perspective-taking (CPT) during the coming out process. Themes emerging from parents’ stories included casual acceptance, supporting, acknowledging their struggle, and learning. Themes and their …
Similarities and Dissimilarities in Spouses’ Narratives of Miscarriage: A Dyadic Analysis of Communicated Narrative Sense-Making and Well-Being
Drawing upon communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) theory, we explored how husbands and wives narratively make sense of their miscarriage and links to well-being. Specifically, we analyzed how the narrative theme, sequence, and similarity related to spouses’ perceived stress and relational satisfaction. Heterosexual married couples (n = 185; N = 370) who had experienced a miscarriage responded to online questionnaires in which they told the …
Young adult women's narrative resilience in relation to mother-daughter communicated narrative sense-making and well-being
Grounded in communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) and resilience theorizing, the current study investigated the effects of mother-daughter communication on young adult women's ( n = 60) narrative construction of resilience over time. Participants wrote stories of difficult experiences at Time 1, discussed the story with their mother in a research lab two days later, and wrote the story again at Time 2. Inductive analyses of daughters' storie…
Communicatively Constructing Birth Family Relationships in Open Adoptive Families: Naming, Connecting, and Relational Functioning
Open adoption (i.e., involving ongoing communication between birth and adoptive families) has become the predominant form of private domestic adoption. As such, an understanding of the communicative structures that create and sustain these families is needed. Grounded in discourse dependent family theorizing, we explored open adoptive parents’ (n = 298) construction of the birth family relationship through naming and connecting. Thematic analysis…
Expanding the conceptual and empirical boundaries of family communication patterns: The development and validation of an Expanded Conformity Orientation Scale
Family communication patterns theory (FCPT) explores how family members communicate to create a shared social reality via conversation and conformity orientations. Recently, scholars have noted that the current conceptualization and operationalization of conformity orientation is unnecessarily narrow in scope by representing conformity as controlling and repressive, rather than as cultivating homogenous attitudes, beliefs, and values among family…
The Communicated Perspective‐Taking Rating System and links to well‐being in marital conflict
Research highlights the importance of perspective taking as a cognitive ability. A growing body of research also suggests that communicated perspective taking ( CPT )—or how interactional partners acknowledge, attend to, and confirm each others' perspectives during interactions—enables collaborative sense‐making of shared difficulties with significant links to individual and relational health. The purpose of the current study was to further opera…
Contributing Factors of Adult Adoptees’ Identity Work and Self-Esteem: Family Communication Patterns and Adoption-Specific Communication
Drawing from family communication patterns (FCP) theory and the communication-based conceptual model of adoptive identity work (Colaner & Soliz, 2015), we investigated the ways that families’ adoption-focused communication and general communication environment predict identity work and self-esteem in adult adoptees (n = 143). Specifically, we tested the assumption that FCP (i.e., conversation and conformity orientation) serve as a backdrop for ad…
She chose us to be your parents: Exploring the content and process of adoption entrance narratives told in families formed through open adoption
Guided by narrative theorizing, the current study investigated the content and process of telling adoption entrance narratives (AENs)-or the story of how the child was born, placed for adoption, and integrated into their family-in open adoptive families. Thematic analysis of 165 adoptive parents' (mostly mothers) AENs revealed six emergent themes: birth parents as family, chosen parents, forever, rescue, fate, and adoption makes us family. Struct…
Communicated Narrative Sense-Making: Understanding Family Narratives, Storytelling, and the Construction of Meaning Through a Communicative Lens
Unfolding narrative meaning over time: The contributions of mother–daughter conversations of difficulty on daughter narrative sense-making and well-being
Recent narrative theorizing suggests that humans process their difficult experiences by not only creating stories—called individual narrative sense-making (NSM)—but also by telling those stories with others—called communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM). The present study investigated the relationship between individual and communicated NSM to understand the effects of interpersonal communication on intrapersonal meaning-making and well-being.…
Expanding the conceptual and empirical boundaries of family communication patterns: The development and validation of an Expanded Conformity Orientation Scale
Family communication patterns theory (FCPT) explores how family members communicate to create a shared social reality via conversation and conformity orientations. Recently, scholars have noted that the current conceptualization and operationalization of conformity orientation is unnecessarily narrow in scope by representing conformity as controlling and repressive, rather than as cultivating homogenous attitudes, beliefs, and values among family…
Young adult women's narrative resilience in relation to mother-daughter communicated narrative sense-making and well-being
Grounded in communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) and resilience theorizing, the current study investigated the effects of mother-daughter communication on young adult women's ( n = 60) narrative construction of resilience over time. Participants wrote stories of difficult experiences at Time 1, discussed the story with their mother in a research lab two days later, and wrote the story again at Time 2. Inductive analyses of daughters' storie…
She chose us to be your parents: Exploring the content and process of adoption entrance narratives told in families formed through open adoption
Guided by narrative theorizing, the current study investigated the content and process of telling adoption entrance narratives (AENs)-or the story of how the child was born, placed for adoption, and integrated into their family-in open adoptive families. Thematic analysis of 165 adoptive parents' (mostly mothers) AENs revealed six emergent themes: birth parents as family, chosen parents, forever, rescue, fate, and adoption makes us family. Struct…
Unfolding narrative meaning over time: The contributions of mother–daughter conversations of difficulty on daughter narrative sense-making and well-being
Recent narrative theorizing suggests that humans process their difficult experiences by not only creating stories—called individual narrative sense-making (NSM)—but also by telling those stories with others—called communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM). The present study investigated the relationship between individual and communicated NSM to understand the effects of interpersonal communication on intrapersonal meaning-making and well-being.…
Living the stories of your great-grandmother”: Making sense of Russia’s war in Ukraine through Polish intergenerational family storytelling
After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Polish people were tasked with making sense of war in close proximity while supporting millions of Ukrainian refugees fleeing to Poland. In times of distress, such as war and refugee crises, intergenerational storytelling helps people make sense of their experience. Interviews with 28 Polish adults during the first five months of the war revealed that intergenerational family storytelling prompted t…
Communicated perspective-taking (CPT) and storylistening: Testing the impact of CPT in the context of friends telling stories of difficulty
Grounded in communicated narrative sense-making theory (CNSM), the purpose of the current study was to test the effects of storylisteners' communicated perspective taking (CPT) on storytellers' well-being and evaluations of storylisteners' communication skills in the context of telling stories about difficulty. Pairs of friends ( n = 37) engaged in a storytelling interaction in which one person told a story of a difficult life experience (DLE). L…
Similarities and Dissimilarities in Spouses’ Narratives of Miscarriage: A Dyadic Analysis of Communicated Narrative Sense-Making and Well-Being
Drawing upon communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) theory, we explored how husbands and wives narratively make sense of their miscarriage and links to well-being. Specifically, we analyzed how the narrative theme, sequence, and similarity related to spouses’ perceived stress and relational satisfaction. Heterosexual married couples (n = 185; N = 370) who had experienced a miscarriage responded to online questionnaires in which they told the …
Contributing Factors of Adult Adoptees’ Identity Work and Self-Esteem: Family Communication Patterns and Adoption-Specific Communication
Drawing from family communication patterns (FCP) theory and the communication-based conceptual model of adoptive identity work (Colaner & Soliz, 2015), we investigated the ways that families’ adoption-focused communication and general communication environment predict identity work and self-esteem in adult adoptees (n = 143). Specifically, we tested the assumption that FCP (i.e., conversation and conformity orientation) serve as a backdrop for ad…
Communicatively Constructing Birth Family Relationships in Open Adoptive Families: Naming, Connecting, and Relational Functioning
Open adoption (i.e., involving ongoing communication between birth and adoptive families) has become the predominant form of private domestic adoption. As such, an understanding of the communicative structures that create and sustain these families is needed. Grounded in discourse dependent family theorizing, we explored open adoptive parents’ (n = 298) construction of the birth family relationship through naming and connecting. Thematic analysis…
Memorable messages regarding adoption and religion: Perspectives of adult adoptees
Memorable messages that adoptees receive throughout development may have lasting impacts on their well-being, identity development, and relationships. Given historical and current adoption practices that link adoption and Christianity, more research is needed to examine the memorable messages that adoptees received while being raised in these religious contexts. Using a qualitative approach grounded in the communicated sense-making model, 41 adul…
Parents’ Retrospective Storytelling of Their Child’s Coming Out: Investigating Contributions of Communicated Perspective-Taking in Relation to Well-Being
Guided by communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) theory, we surveyed parents (n= 133) to elicit retrospective stories of their child’s coming out as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) and to assess perceptions of their child’s communicated perspective-taking (CPT) during the coming out process. Themes emerging from parents’ stories included casual acceptance, supporting, acknowledging their struggle, and learning. Themes and their …
The story of us: How online daters narrate their courtship
Online dating is common in the United States. We draw on communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) theory to explore how online daters reflect on the development of their relationships. Using an oral history interview protocol, we collected courtship stories from 50 U.S. adults who were engaged or married to a partner that they met in online dating. We coded their stories for common narrative arcs and counter narratives that they used to describ…
Introduction to the Special Issue on Communication in Global Families
Communicated Narrative Sense-Making: Understanding Family Narratives, Storytelling, and the Construction of Meaning Through a Communicative Lens
Unfolding narrative meaning over time: The contributions of mother–daughter conversations of difficulty on daughter narrative sense-making and well-being
Recent narrative theorizing suggests that humans process their difficult experiences by not only creating stories—called individual narrative sense-making (NSM)—but also by telling those stories with others—called communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM). The present study investigated the relationship between individual and communicated NSM to understand the effects of interpersonal communication on intrapersonal meaning-making and well-being.…
Contributing Factors of Adult Adoptees’ Identity Work and Self-Esteem: Family Communication Patterns and Adoption-Specific Communication
Drawing from family communication patterns (FCP) theory and the communication-based conceptual model of adoptive identity work (Colaner & Soliz, 2015), we investigated the ways that families’ adoption-focused communication and general communication environment predict identity work and self-esteem in adult adoptees (n = 143). Specifically, we tested the assumption that FCP (i.e., conversation and conformity orientation) serve as a backdrop for ad…
She chose us to be your parents: Exploring the content and process of adoption entrance narratives told in families formed through open adoption
Guided by narrative theorizing, the current study investigated the content and process of telling adoption entrance narratives (AENs)-or the story of how the child was born, placed for adoption, and integrated into their family-in open adoptive families. Thematic analysis of 165 adoptive parents' (mostly mothers) AENs revealed six emergent themes: birth parents as family, chosen parents, forever, rescue, fate, and adoption makes us family. Struct…
The Communicated Perspective‐Taking Rating System and links to well‐being in marital conflict
Research highlights the importance of perspective taking as a cognitive ability. A growing body of research also suggests that communicated perspective taking ( CPT )—or how interactional partners acknowledge, attend to, and confirm each others' perspectives during interactions—enables collaborative sense‐making of shared difficulties with significant links to individual and relational health. The purpose of the current study was to further opera…
Communicatively Constructing Birth Family Relationships in Open Adoptive Families: Naming, Connecting, and Relational Functioning
Open adoption (i.e., involving ongoing communication between birth and adoptive families) has become the predominant form of private domestic adoption. As such, an understanding of the communicative structures that create and sustain these families is needed. Grounded in discourse dependent family theorizing, we explored open adoptive parents’ (n = 298) construction of the birth family relationship through naming and connecting. Thematic analysis…
Expanding the conceptual and empirical boundaries of family communication patterns: The development and validation of an Expanded Conformity Orientation Scale
Family communication patterns theory (FCPT) explores how family members communicate to create a shared social reality via conversation and conformity orientations. Recently, scholars have noted that the current conceptualization and operationalization of conformity orientation is unnecessarily narrow in scope by representing conformity as controlling and repressive, rather than as cultivating homogenous attitudes, beliefs, and values among family…
Similarities and Dissimilarities in Spouses’ Narratives of Miscarriage: A Dyadic Analysis of Communicated Narrative Sense-Making and Well-Being
Drawing upon communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) theory, we explored how husbands and wives narratively make sense of their miscarriage and links to well-being. Specifically, we analyzed how the narrative theme, sequence, and similarity related to spouses’ perceived stress and relational satisfaction. Heterosexual married couples (n = 185; N = 370) who had experienced a miscarriage responded to online questionnaires in which they told the …
Young adult women's narrative resilience in relation to mother-daughter communicated narrative sense-making and well-being
Grounded in communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) and resilience theorizing, the current study investigated the effects of mother-daughter communication on young adult women's ( n = 60) narrative construction of resilience over time. Participants wrote stories of difficult experiences at Time 1, discussed the story with their mother in a research lab two days later, and wrote the story again at Time 2. Inductive analyses of daughters' storie…
Reducing political polarization through narrative writing
This study proposes two complementary writing activities designed to reduce affective polarization and malevolent outgroup attributions. The strategies draw on narrative theorizing and intergroup contact theory. Our intervention is low cost and can be effectively administrated in educational settings to combat the deleterious effects of political polarization. In this four-group between-subjects randomized experiment (n = 179), we found that a fi…
Parents’ Retrospective Storytelling of Their Child’s Coming Out: Investigating Contributions of Communicated Perspective-Taking in Relation to Well-Being
Guided by communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) theory, we surveyed parents (n= 133) to elicit retrospective stories of their child’s coming out as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) and to assess perceptions of their child’s communicated perspective-taking (CPT) during the coming out process. Themes emerging from parents’ stories included casual acceptance, supporting, acknowledging their struggle, and learning. Themes and their …
Navigating Pregnancy during the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Social Support in Communicated Narrative Sense-making
Grounded in communicated narrative sense-making theory (CNSM), this study explored how women who were pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 21) communicatively made sense of their experience in light of their received social support. Interview data were inductively analyzed for emergent themes and deductively analyzed for type of social support and narrative tone. Findings uncovered themes of a) connecting to mitigate stress, b) drawing on o…
Communicated perspective-taking (CPT) and storylistening: Testing the impact of CPT in the context of friends telling stories of difficulty
Grounded in communicated narrative sense-making theory (CNSM), the purpose of the current study was to test the effects of storylisteners' communicated perspective taking (CPT) on storytellers' well-being and evaluations of storylisteners' communication skills in the context of telling stories about difficulty. Pairs of friends ( n = 37) engaged in a storytelling interaction in which one person told a story of a difficult life experience (DLE). L…
Communication Privacy Management in Open Adoption Relationships: Negotiating Co-ownership across In-person and Mediated Communication
Open adoption relationships are rife with privacy dilemmas and fuzzy boundaries, which require ongoing coordination of private disclosures as a result. The present study employed communication privacy management (CPM) theory to examine adoptive parents’ ( N = 354) private disclosures with the birth family across in-person and mediated (i.e., texting and social media) contexts. SEM analysis revealed that adoptive families who were more private and…
Memorable Messages Embedded in Men’s Stories of Miscarriage: Extending Communicated Narrative Sense-Making and Memorable Message Theorizing
Miscarriage occurs in roughly one in five pregnancies in the United States. Although it is largely considered a “women’s issue,” non-miscarrying spouses also endure the mental and relational health effects of the loss. Drawing on communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) theory, we interviewed heterosexual, cisgender, mostly white, married men (n = 45) to solicit their stories of their spouse’s miscarriage. Six types of memorable messages (i.e.,…
Pregnancy During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Communicated Narrative Sense-Making and Resilience
Grounded in communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) theory and communication theory of resilience (CTR), the current study investigated how women narratively constructed resilience surrounding pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the adverse effects of stress on pregnant individuals and their babies, it is important to understand the triggers and process of resilience in this context. We interviewed 21 cisgender women who were pregnan…
“Baba, you’re not gonna live forever … . we need these stories”: Intergenerational storytelling in Palestinian families connecting history, identity, and (the loss of) place
The current study integrates communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) theory with the ecological systems model to investigate intergenerational family storytelling (IGFS) in Palestinian families. Amidst historical and ongoing persecution, members of the Palestinian diaspora are tasked with making sense of their cultural and familial experiences. This study aims to understand how IGFS affects members’ meanings, values, and beliefs related to the…
Polish Family War Stories: Perpetuating and Healing Intergenerational Trauma
Communicated Resilience in Mothers’ Narratives about the Diagnosis and Birth of Their Child with Down Syndrome
Living the stories of your great-grandmother”: Making sense of Russia’s war in Ukraine through Polish intergenerational family storytelling
After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Polish people were tasked with making sense of war in close proximity while supporting millions of Ukrainian refugees fleeing to Poland. In times of distress, such as war and refugee crises, intergenerational storytelling helps people make sense of their experience. Interviews with 28 Polish adults during the first five months of the war revealed that intergenerational family storytelling prompted t…
Memorable messages regarding adoption and religion: Perspectives of adult adoptees
Memorable messages that adoptees receive throughout development may have lasting impacts on their well-being, identity development, and relationships. Given historical and current adoption practices that link adoption and Christianity, more research is needed to examine the memorable messages that adoptees received while being raised in these religious contexts. Using a qualitative approach grounded in the communicated sense-making model, 41 adul…
Intergenerational Sense-Making About Historical Trauma: Parent-Child Conversations About Apartheid in South Africa
Introduction to the Special Issue on Communication in Global Families
The story of us: How online daters narrate their courtship
Online dating is common in the United States. We draw on communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) theory to explore how online daters reflect on the development of their relationships. Using an oral history interview protocol, we collected courtship stories from 50 U.S. adults who were engaged or married to a partner that they met in online dating. We coded their stories for common narrative arcs and counter narratives that they used to describ…
Evolution and Future Directions for the Theory of Memorable Messages in Family Communication
This article reviews the historical and recent approaches to understanding memorable messages in the context of families. Theoretical and atheoretical approaches to memorable message research are explored, with special attention to the emerging Theory of Memorable Messages (ToMM) and its recent family communication scholarship. The authors elaborate and offer recommendations for future directions and practical applications for ToMM scholarship in…
Psychology (23 works) · Social Psychology (19 works) · Narrative (16 works) · Developmental psychology (13 works) · Social Psychology (13 works) · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics (10 works) · Art (8 works) · Narrative inquiry (8 works) · Sociology (8 works) · Storytelling (8 works)