Sandra Carpenter
Biographic Data
| ID | 146125 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Sandra Carpenter |
| GIVEN NAMES | Sandra |
| FAMILY NAME | Carpenter |
| SIGNATURE | CARPENTER S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Alabama in Huntsville |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4627-9831 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 14 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 82 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 14 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1982 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Exploratory study of self-reported disability, accommodations, and mistreatment among residents at an academic medical center
BACKGROUND: Limited research has examined self-reported disability and disability-related experiences among residents. A better understanding of the experiences of trainees with disabilities is needed to inform support systems within graduate medical education (GME). This exploratory study aims to describe self-reported disability among residents at an academic medical center, accommodations and supports, and disability-related mistreatment. METH…
Students as Advocates for the Integration of Disability Curricula in Medical Education
To the Editor: People with disabilities (PWD) constitute the United States’ largest minority at approximately 12%–30% of the population. 1 PWD are recognized as important consumers of health care, but also as a health disparity demographic experiencing significant barriers. 1 Despite this, only a fraction of medical schools report curricula on disability, and research demonstrates strong bias among physicians. 2,3 Given the current lack of requir…
Cultural pluralism and prejudice reduction
Predictions derived from models of cultural pluralism and cultural assimilation were tested. Previous research has shown that highlighting differences between ethnic groups, in conjunction with self-focus, can reduce prejudice. The presented research tested the following questions: (a) does highlighting differences function to reduce prejudice between groups that are dissimilar to each other as well as between those that are highly similar, (b) i…
Importance and Descriptiveness of Self-Aspects: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
This study investigated self-concept similarities and differences among Turkish and American (Mexican American and White) university students. The descriptiveness of self-attributes was measured in three domains (independent self, relational self, and other-focused or traditional self). In addition, the importance of personal, social, and collective selves was identified for each culture group. In terms of importance of self, the cultural groups …
Women Derive Collective Self-Esteem from Their Feminist Identity
Women's self-esteem is more strongly related to social acceptance and inclusion than to accomplishments. We investigated the extent to which women derive self-esteem from being women, that is, from their membership in a collective gender group. We hypothesized and found that women's collective self-esteem (i.e., self-esteem derived from their gender group) would systematically vary for women showing differing degrees of feminist development. Thus…
Should We Take “Gender” Out of Gender Subtypes? The Effects of Gender, Evaluative Valence, and Context on the Organization of Person Subtypes
Mothers’ Reports of Events Causing Anger Differ Across Family Relationships
Mother’s reports of anger causes within the family were analyzed in terms of the family relationships of the persons experiencing and eliciting anger and three independent components of the anger‐eliciting event—Type of Cause, Focus of Anger, and Temporal Specificity. Mothers’ reports suggest substantial differences (a) in anger causes across relationships, (b) depending on whether parents or children were experiencing or eliciting anger events, …
Allocentrism and Idiocentrism as Predictors of In-Group Perceptions: An Individual Difference Extension of Cultural Patterns
Effects of Cultural Tightness and Collectivism on Self-Concept and Causal Attributions
Previous research investigating the influence of cultural variables on the psychological constructs of self-concept and causal attributions has employed responses of individuals within cultures. In the present research, ethnographies of 16 cultures were examined using the CD-ROM version of the Human Relations Area Files (HRAF). As predicted, self-concept was related to both cultural tightness and collectivism. Specifically, interdependent self-co…
Characteristics of gender subtypes: Group and individual differences
Differential processing of in-group and out-group information
People have a more differentiated cognitive representation of in-groups than of out-groups. This has led to the prediction that memory should be better for in-group information than for out-group information. However, past research has provided equivocal support for that prediction. This article advances a differential processing hypothesis that offers a solution to this paradox. The hypothesis suggests that whereas in-group information is organi…
Attribution difficulty and memory for attribution-relevant information
This research compared the processing and retrieval of attribution-relevant information when the attributional inference is easy or difficult to make. Subjects attributed behavioral events to the person or to the situation, based on several items of context information. Each context sentence implied either the person or the entity as causal agent. When the attributional inference was difficult to make (an equal number of context sentences implied…
Self-relevance and goal-directed processing in the recall and weighting of information about others
The Factorial Survey: An Approach to Defining Sexual Harassment on Campus
A factorial survey was used to assess perceptions of sexual harassment in the context of faculty‐student relations in a university setting. Results of a survey of undergraduate students and faculty at the University of California, Santa Barbara, revealed a high degree of consensus in defining cases of sexual harassment. Across respondent populations, judgments of harassment were most influenced by the nature of the behaviors and intentions of the…
Differential processing of in-group and out-group information
People have a more differentiated cognitive representation of in-groups than of out-groups. This has led to the prediction that memory should be better for in-group information than for out-group information. However, past research has provided equivocal support for that prediction. This article advances a differential processing hypothesis that offers a solution to this paradox. The hypothesis suggests that whereas in-group information is organi…
The Factorial Survey: An Approach to Defining Sexual Harassment on Campus
A factorial survey was used to assess perceptions of sexual harassment in the context of faculty‐student relations in a university setting. Results of a survey of undergraduate students and faculty at the University of California, Santa Barbara, revealed a high degree of consensus in defining cases of sexual harassment. Across respondent populations, judgments of harassment were most influenced by the nature of the behaviors and intentions of the…
Effects of Cultural Tightness and Collectivism on Self-Concept and Causal Attributions
Previous research investigating the influence of cultural variables on the psychological constructs of self-concept and causal attributions has employed responses of individuals within cultures. In the present research, ethnographies of 16 cultures were examined using the CD-ROM version of the Human Relations Area Files (HRAF). As predicted, self-concept was related to both cultural tightness and collectivism. Specifically, interdependent self-co…
Self-relevance and goal-directed processing in the recall and weighting of information about others
Cultural pluralism and prejudice reduction
Predictions derived from models of cultural pluralism and cultural assimilation were tested. Previous research has shown that highlighting differences between ethnic groups, in conjunction with self-focus, can reduce prejudice. The presented research tested the following questions: (a) does highlighting differences function to reduce prejudice between groups that are dissimilar to each other as well as between those that are highly similar, (b) i…
Women Derive Collective Self-Esteem from Their Feminist Identity
Women's self-esteem is more strongly related to social acceptance and inclusion than to accomplishments. We investigated the extent to which women derive self-esteem from being women, that is, from their membership in a collective gender group. We hypothesized and found that women's collective self-esteem (i.e., self-esteem derived from their gender group) would systematically vary for women showing differing degrees of feminist development. Thus…
Mothers’ Reports of Events Causing Anger Differ Across Family Relationships
Mother’s reports of anger causes within the family were analyzed in terms of the family relationships of the persons experiencing and eliciting anger and three independent components of the anger‐eliciting event—Type of Cause, Focus of Anger, and Temporal Specificity. Mothers’ reports suggest substantial differences (a) in anger causes across relationships, (b) depending on whether parents or children were experiencing or eliciting anger events, …
Should We Take “Gender” Out of Gender Subtypes? The Effects of Gender, Evaluative Valence, and Context on the Organization of Person Subtypes
Importance and Descriptiveness of Self-Aspects: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
This study investigated self-concept similarities and differences among Turkish and American (Mexican American and White) university students. The descriptiveness of self-attributes was measured in three domains (independent self, relational self, and other-focused or traditional self). In addition, the importance of personal, social, and collective selves was identified for each culture group. In terms of importance of self, the cultural groups …
Attribution difficulty and memory for attribution-relevant information
This research compared the processing and retrieval of attribution-relevant information when the attributional inference is easy or difficult to make. Subjects attributed behavioral events to the person or to the situation, based on several items of context information. Each context sentence implied either the person or the entity as causal agent. When the attributional inference was difficult to make (an equal number of context sentences implied…
The Factorial Survey: An Approach to Defining Sexual Harassment on Campus
A factorial survey was used to assess perceptions of sexual harassment in the context of faculty‐student relations in a university setting. Results of a survey of undergraduate students and faculty at the University of California, Santa Barbara, revealed a high degree of consensus in defining cases of sexual harassment. Across respondent populations, judgments of harassment were most influenced by the nature of the behaviors and intentions of the…
Self-relevance and goal-directed processing in the recall and weighting of information about others
Attribution difficulty and memory for attribution-relevant information
This research compared the processing and retrieval of attribution-relevant information when the attributional inference is easy or difficult to make. Subjects attributed behavioral events to the person or to the situation, based on several items of context information. Each context sentence implied either the person or the entity as causal agent. When the attributional inference was difficult to make (an equal number of context sentences implied…
Differential processing of in-group and out-group information
People have a more differentiated cognitive representation of in-groups than of out-groups. This has led to the prediction that memory should be better for in-group information than for out-group information. However, past research has provided equivocal support for that prediction. This article advances a differential processing hypothesis that offers a solution to this paradox. The hypothesis suggests that whereas in-group information is organi…
Characteristics of gender subtypes: Group and individual differences
Mothers’ Reports of Events Causing Anger Differ Across Family Relationships
Mother’s reports of anger causes within the family were analyzed in terms of the family relationships of the persons experiencing and eliciting anger and three independent components of the anger‐eliciting event—Type of Cause, Focus of Anger, and Temporal Specificity. Mothers’ reports suggest substantial differences (a) in anger causes across relationships, (b) depending on whether parents or children were experiencing or eliciting anger events, …
Allocentrism and Idiocentrism as Predictors of In-Group Perceptions: An Individual Difference Extension of Cultural Patterns
Effects of Cultural Tightness and Collectivism on Self-Concept and Causal Attributions
Previous research investigating the influence of cultural variables on the psychological constructs of self-concept and causal attributions has employed responses of individuals within cultures. In the present research, ethnographies of 16 cultures were examined using the CD-ROM version of the Human Relations Area Files (HRAF). As predicted, self-concept was related to both cultural tightness and collectivism. Specifically, interdependent self-co…
Women Derive Collective Self-Esteem from Their Feminist Identity
Women's self-esteem is more strongly related to social acceptance and inclusion than to accomplishments. We investigated the extent to which women derive self-esteem from being women, that is, from their membership in a collective gender group. We hypothesized and found that women's collective self-esteem (i.e., self-esteem derived from their gender group) would systematically vary for women showing differing degrees of feminist development. Thus…
Should We Take “Gender” Out of Gender Subtypes? The Effects of Gender, Evaluative Valence, and Context on the Organization of Person Subtypes
Importance and Descriptiveness of Self-Aspects: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
This study investigated self-concept similarities and differences among Turkish and American (Mexican American and White) university students. The descriptiveness of self-attributes was measured in three domains (independent self, relational self, and other-focused or traditional self). In addition, the importance of personal, social, and collective selves was identified for each culture group. In terms of importance of self, the cultural groups …
Cultural pluralism and prejudice reduction
Predictions derived from models of cultural pluralism and cultural assimilation were tested. Previous research has shown that highlighting differences between ethnic groups, in conjunction with self-focus, can reduce prejudice. The presented research tested the following questions: (a) does highlighting differences function to reduce prejudice between groups that are dissimilar to each other as well as between those that are highly similar, (b) i…
Students as Advocates for the Integration of Disability Curricula in Medical Education
To the Editor: People with disabilities (PWD) constitute the United States’ largest minority at approximately 12%–30% of the population. 1 PWD are recognized as important consumers of health care, but also as a health disparity demographic experiencing significant barriers. 1 Despite this, only a fraction of medical schools report curricula on disability, and research demonstrates strong bias among physicians. 2,3 Given the current lack of requir…
Exploratory study of self-reported disability, accommodations, and mistreatment among residents at an academic medical center
BACKGROUND: Limited research has examined self-reported disability and disability-related experiences among residents. A better understanding of the experiences of trainees with disabilities is needed to inform support systems within graduate medical education (GME). This exploratory study aims to describe self-reported disability among residents at an academic medical center, accommodations and supports, and disability-related mistreatment. METH…
Psychology (13 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Social Psychology (11 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (9 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (5 works) · Developmental psychology (4 works) · Social group (4 works) · Sociology (4 works) · Child and Animal Learning Development (3 works) · Cognition (3 works)