Brian R Flay
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 146325 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Brian R Flay |
| NOMBRES | Brian R |
| APELLIDO | Flay |
| FIRMA | FLAY B R |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Illinois Chicago |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5209-2766 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 65 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 266 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 65 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1976 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Identification of Important Factors When Measuring School Climate
BACKGROUND: Researchers regularly must decide what information is necessary to understand school climate and how to include climate in a study. For example, which factors and/or scales should be used, is using just 1 scale for school climate sufficient, and to what extent does the selection of a single scale influence the research findings? AIMS: Understanding what factors to consider and which available scales to review will assist those interes…
Mechanisms of Influence on Youth Substance Use for a Social-Emotional and Character Development Program
Background: The Theory of Triadic Influence (TTI) provides a comprehensive framework for understanding adolescent substance use. Objectives: We examined mechanisms by which a TTI-guided social-emotional and character development program, Positive Action (PA), influences adolescent substance use. Study data come from the PA-Chicago, longitudinal matched-pairs cluster-randomized control trial. A diverse, dynamic cohort of approximately 1,200 studen…
Social-emotional and character development scale
Sex differences in the acceptability and short‐term outcomes of a web‐based personalized feedback alcohol intervention for high school seniors
Despite the escalation of alcohol use through high school, the majority of research on school‐based alcohol interventions has been conducted with junior high students or first and second‐year high school students. Preliminary research indicates a brief, web‐based personalized feedback intervention developed for college students (eCHECKUP TO GO) may be a promising program for high school seniors. Although these studies demonstrate positive interve…
How Do Discrimination and Self-Esteem Control Beliefs Affect Prosociality? An Examination Among Black and Latinx Youth
Black and Latinx youth are situated in a maladaptive discriminatory context in the United States; however, prosociality may be one way that youth can promote their own positive development in the face of these experiences. We examined the longitudinal associations between discrimination and prosociality among 380 Black and Latinx early adolescents (M W6age = 12.38 years, 52% female) and considered race/ethnicity and self-esteem control beliefs as…
Effects of a School-Based Social-Emotional and Character Development Program on Self-Esteem Levels and Processes
This study evaluated effects of Positive Action (PA), a school-based social-emotional and character development program, on self-esteem levels and processes among minority, low-income, urban youth. A matched-pair, cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 14 Chicago Public Schools with outcomes assessed longitudinally for a cohort of youth followed from Grades 3 to 8. A total of 1,170 students participated in the study (53% female, 48%…
A Mixed-Methods Approach Examining Illicit Prescription Stimulant Use
Effects of the Positive Action Program on Indicators of Positive Youth Development Among Urban Youth
This study evaluated effects of Positive Action , a school-based social-emotional and character development (SECD) intervention, on indicators of positive youth development (PYD) among a sample of low-income, ethnic minority youth attending 14 urban schools. The study used a matched-pair, cluster-randomized controlled design at the school level. A multiple-measure self-report protocol assessed four key strengths and resources for PYD: self-concep…
Effects of a School-Based Social–Emotional and Character Development Program on Health Behaviors
You Do What You See
African American boys are more likely than same-aged counterparts to live in disadvantaged neighborhoods characterized by exposure to physical violence, lower socioeconomic status, poor parent education, and acts of violence. The current study used structural equation modeling to test the associations between witnessing violence, peer and parent expectations, peer behaviors, self-efficacy to avoid violence, and violent behavior as the outcome. Re…
It's in My Hood
Youths' perceptions of their neighborhood are shaped by continued exposure to neighborhood influences. African‐American boys in poor, urban contexts are more directly affected by their neighborhoods and are more likely to develop related difficulties such as victimization experiences, and exposure to violence. This study examines African‐American boys' perceptions of safety in their neighborhood. Data were collected in 1994 from 553 African‐Ameri…
Young adolescents' perceived activity space risk, peer networks, and substance use
A National Evaluation of Community‐Based Youth Cessation Programs
Most youth cessation treatment research consists of efficacy studies in which treatments are evaluated under optimal conditions of delivery. Less is known about the effectiveness of youth cessation treatments delivered in real‐world, community based settings. A national sample of 41 community‐based youth cessation programs participated in a longitudinal evaluation to identify site, program, and participant characteristics associated with successf…
The critical role of nurturing environments for promoting human well-being
The recent Institute of Medicine report on prevention (National Research Council & Institute of Medicine, 2009) noted the substantial interrelationship among mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and pointed out that, to a great extent, these problems stem from a set of common conditions. However, despite the evidence, current research and practice continue to deal with the prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders as if the…
Internally-Developed Teen Smoking Cessation Programs
We have compared the unique features of teen tobacco cessation programs developed internally by community-based organizations (N=75) to prepackaged programs disseminated nationally (N=234) to expand our knowledge of treatment options for teen smokers. Internally-developed programs were more likely offered in response to the sponsoring organization's initiative (OR=2.16, p<0.05); had fewer trained cessation counselors (OR=0.31, p<0.01); and were m…
The Impact of Age and Type of Intervention on Youth Violent Behaviors
Use of a Social and Character Development Program to Prevent Substance Use, Violent Behaviors, and Sexual Activity Among Elementary-School Students in Hawaii
Objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of a 5-year trial of a comprehensive school-based program designed to prevent substance use, violent behaviors, and sexual activity among elementary-school students. Methods. We used a matched-pair, cluster-randomized, controlled design, with 10 intervention schools and 10 control schools. Fifth-graders (N = 1714) self-reported on lifetime substance use, violence, and voluntary sexual activity. Teachers o…
Relation between newspaper coverage of tobacco issues and smoking attitudes and behaviour among American teens
Gaining and keeping tobacco on the media agenda is an important tool for tackling youth smoking. As volume appears to be the driving factor, media advocacy may be best targeted towards generating events and highlighting issues likely to increase and sustain news attention
Working to make an image
Only one early media campaign focused on issues other than tobacco, whereas subsequent campaigns have been specifically concerned with tobacco issues, and more targeted to opinion leaders. The size and timing of the advertising buys appeared to be strategically crafted to maximise advertising exposure for these population subgroups during critical threats to Philip Morris's public image
Obesity and related risk factors among low socio-economic status minority students in Chicago
Objectives To assess overweight and related risk factors among urban low socio-economic status (SES) African-American adolescents in an attempt to study the underlying causes of ethnicity and gender disparities in overweight. Methods Cross-sectional data collected on anthropometric measures, diet, physical activity and family characteristics from 498 students in grades 5–7 in four Chicago public schools were analysed to study the risk factors for…
State Anti-Tobacco Advertising and Smoking Outcomes by Gender and Race/Ethnicity
The results from these analyses indicate that state anti-tobacco advertising significantly relates to beneficial outcomes -- especially regarding current smoking behaviour -- among US youth as a whole
Longitudinal Patterns of Daily Affect and Global Mood During Adolescence
This study examined grade and sex patterns in real-time measures of daily mood using Ecological Momentary Assessments via palmtop computers among 8th (N = 296) and 10th graders (N = 266) for 1 year using a three-wave longitudinal design. Participants responded to five to seven random prompts/day for 7 consecutive days; when prompted, participants rated eight mood adjectives assessing positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Global depressed…
Protective Factors Associated with Preadolescent Violence
This study explores the influences of communal values, empathy, violence avoidance self‐efficacy beliefs, and classmate's fighting on violent behaviors among urban African American preadolescent boys and girls. As part of a larger intervention study, 644 low‐income 5th grade students from 12 schools completed a baseline assessment that included the target constructs. Boys reported more violent behaviors, and lower levels of empathy and violence a…
A National Survey of Tobacco Cessation Programs for Youths
Objectives. We collected data on a national sample of existing community-based tobacco cessation programs for youths to understand their prevalence and overall characteristics. Methods. We employed a 2-stage sampling design with US counties as the first-stage probability sampling units. We then used snowball sampling in selected counties to identify administrators of tobacco cessation programs for youths. We collected data on cessation programs w…
Consent Form Return Rates for Third-Grade Urban Elementary Students
The critical role of nurturing environments for promoting human well-being
The recent Institute of Medicine report on prevention (National Research Council & Institute of Medicine, 2009) noted the substantial interrelationship among mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and pointed out that, to a great extent, these problems stem from a set of common conditions. However, despite the evidence, current research and practice continue to deal with the prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders as if the…
The Relation of Perceived Neighborhood Danger to Childhood Aggression
In the current study, two mediational mechanisms, parenting practices and children's beliefs about aggression, were hypothesized to account for the relationship between perceived neighborhood danger and childhood aggression. Using structural equation modeling, data were analyzed from an inner‐city school‐based sample of 732 predominantly African American 5th graders. Results suggested that perceived neighborhood danger was associated with strong …
Differential Influence of Parental Smoking and Friends' Smoking on Adolescent Initiation and Escalation and Smoking
Smoking-related behaviors and attitudes of significant others (especially friends and parents) are among the most consistent predictors of adolescent smoking. However, theorists remain divided on whether the behaviors of significant others influence adolescent smoking directly or indirectly, and the relative influence of parental and peer smoking on adolescents' own smoking is still a matter of debate. In addition, little research has examined th…
Six-year follow-up of the first Waterloo school smoking prevention trial
This paper reports six-year follow-up data from the first large-scale randomized trial of the social influences approach to smoking prevention. In 1979, 22 schools were randomly assigned to program or control conditions. Students in program schools received a social influences curriculum in six core and two maintenance sessions in grade 6, two booster sessions in grade 7, and one booster session in grade 8. All students were assessed at pretest (…
History of the sleeper effect
The integration of research and practice in the prevention of youth problem behaviors
The prevention of youth problem behaviors is increasingly guided by science. Sound epidemiological research is coming to guide preventive efforts. Valid methods of monitoring the incidence and prevalence of youth problems increasingly shape preventive practice. The identification of empirically supported prevention interventions is becoming more sophisticated, and numerous scientific organizations have begun to engage in dissemination activities.…
Longitudinal Patterns of Daily Affect and Global Mood During Adolescence
This study examined grade and sex patterns in real-time measures of daily mood using Ecological Momentary Assessments via palmtop computers among 8th (N = 296) and 10th graders (N = 266) for 1 year using a three-wave longitudinal design. Participants responded to five to seven random prompts/day for 7 consecutive days; when prompted, participants rated eight mood adjectives assessing positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Global depressed…
The power of policy
This study examined the effects of smoking policy on 4,807 adolescents in 23 schools over a two-county area in California. Amounts and prevalence rates of adolescent smoking were measured with a self-report survey and a biochemical measure; school smoking policy was measured with two independent surveys of school staff. Policy effects were evaluated with multiple and logistic regression analyses controlling for school-level socioeconomic status a…
Work site group meetings and the effectiveness of a televised smoking cessation intervention
At the work site, smoking accounts for increased health care expenses and worker absenteeism due to smoking-related illness and reduced productivity and lost wages. Developing comprehensive and accessible smoking cessation programs at the work site is an important objective for health care professionals. In this study, employees of 43 corporations participated in a televised smoking cessation program accompanied by self-help manuals. The media co…
Use of a Social and Character Development Program to Prevent Substance Use, Violent Behaviors, and Sexual Activity Among Elementary-School Students in Hawaii
Objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of a 5-year trial of a comprehensive school-based program designed to prevent substance use, violent behaviors, and sexual activity among elementary-school students. Methods. We used a matched-pair, cluster-randomized, controlled design, with 10 intervention schools and 10 control schools. Fifth-graders (N = 1714) self-reported on lifetime substance use, violence, and voluntary sexual activity. Teachers o…
Effect of Televised, Tobacco Company–Funded Smoking Prevention Advertising on Youth Smoking-Related Beliefs, Intentions, and Behavior
Objective. To relate exposure to televised youth smoking prevention advertising to youths’ smoking beliefs, intentions, and behaviors. Methods. We obtained commercial television ratings data from 75 US media markets to determine the average youth exposure to tobacco company youth-targeted and parent-targeted smoking prevention advertising. We merged these data with nationally representative school-based survey data (n = 103 172) gathered from 199…
Young adolescents' perceived activity space risk, peer networks, and substance use
Empirical tests of the absolute sleeper effect predicted from the discounting cue hypothesis
You Do What You See
African American boys are more likely than same-aged counterparts to live in disadvantaged neighborhoods characterized by exposure to physical violence, lower socioeconomic status, poor parent education, and acts of violence. The current study used structural equation modeling to test the associations between witnessing violence, peer and parent expectations, peer behaviors, self-efficacy to avoid violence, and violent behavior as the outcome. Re…
The Healthy Pursuit of Self-Esteem
J. Crocker and L. E. Park (2004) proposed both (a) that the importance of self-esteem lies more in how people strive for it rather than whether it is high or low and (b) that the benefits of pursuing self-esteem are of a limited, short-term nature and are outweighed by the significant costs that entail for functioning in multiple areas. The authors review research that raises questions about the validity of each of these assumptions. They conclud…
State Anti-Tobacco Advertising and Smoking Outcomes by Gender and Race/Ethnicity
The results from these analyses indicate that state anti-tobacco advertising significantly relates to beneficial outcomes -- especially regarding current smoking behaviour -- among US youth as a whole
Protective Factors Associated with Preadolescent Violence
This study explores the influences of communal values, empathy, violence avoidance self‐efficacy beliefs, and classmate's fighting on violent behaviors among urban African American preadolescent boys and girls. As part of a larger intervention study, 644 low‐income 5th grade students from 12 schools completed a baseline assessment that included the target constructs. Boys reported more violent behaviors, and lower levels of empathy and violence a…
Historical Review of School-Based Randomized Trials for Evaluating Problem Behavior Prevention Programs
The authors provide a historical review of developments in the methods of school-based evaluations of problem behavior prevention interventions. The design and statistical methodologies used in school-based intervention research have advanced tremendously over the past twenty years. Methods have improved for approaches to the randomization of whole schools, the choice of appropriate comparison or control groups, solutions when randomization break…
Effects of a community-based prevention program on decreasing drug use in high-risk adolescents
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the secondary prevention effects of a substance abuse primary prevention program. METHODS: Logistic regression analyses were conducted on 4 waves of follow-up data from sixth- and seventh-grade baseline users of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana taking part in a school-based program in Indianapolis. RESULTS: The program demonstrated significant reductions in cigarette use at the initial follow-up (6 months) an…
The second Chicago televised smoking cessation program
OBJECTIVES. As smoking decreases in the population, the remaining smoking population will change, and cessation initiatives will have to incorporate strategies designed for these smokers. METHODS. To study patterns of response to a cessation intervention composed of 20 televised segments and the American Lung Association Freedom from Smoking in 20 Days manual, this study compared cessation rates over 24 months in a cohort of smokers who registere…
Changes in Self-Efficacy and Readiness for Smoking Cessation among Women with High School or Less Education
The most common theory of smoking cessation postulates that readiness to quit begins with changes in attitudes that move the smoker toward behavioral change and eventual cessation. However, trends in smoking indicate that many who currently smoke are not ready to quit. Hence, strategies that both enhance readiness and focus on quitting are likely to be most effective. We hypothesize that an intervention addressed to motivating behavior change wil…
Prospective psychosocial, interpersonal, and behavioral predictors of handgun carrying among adolescents
OBJECTIVES: This study identified behavioral and psychosocial/interpersonal factors in young adolescence that are associated with handgun carrying in later adolescence. METHODS: A sample of 2200 high school students was surveyed at 9th grade and again at 12th grade. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that measures of risk-taking preference, depression, stress, temper, and drug use assessed while the students were in 9th …
Project towards no tobacco use
OBJECTIVES. We present 1-year follow-up data from a school-based tobacco use prevention project designed to test the effectiveness of three main components of social influence programs. The components teach refusal skills, awareness of social misperceptions about tobacco use, and misconceptions about physical consequences. METHODS. Four different curricula were developed and tested in a randomized experiment involving 48 junior high schools. The …
It's in My Hood
Youths' perceptions of their neighborhood are shaped by continued exposure to neighborhood influences. African‐American boys in poor, urban contexts are more directly affected by their neighborhoods and are more likely to develop related difficulties such as victimization experiences, and exposure to violence. This study examines African‐American boys' perceptions of safety in their neighborhood. Data were collected in 1994 from 553 African‐Ameri…
Parental Participation in Drug Abuse Prevention
The Midwestern Prevention Program (MPP) is an ongoing trial of a multi-component intervention—including a school-based social influence curriculum, a parent program, mass-media programming, community organization, and health policy change—designed to prevent drug and alcohol abuse among adolescents. In this article, we focus on the Indianapolis program site, and we address relationships between parental participation in the program and adolescent…
Designing a Questionnaire for Polynesian and Pakeha Car Assembly Workers
The development of a questionnaire for use in a manufacturing plant with four major cultural groups-New Zealanders of European origin, Maoris, Samoans, and Cook Islanders-is described. The problems encountered lead to practical suggestions about the nature of the questions asked, their response format, translation-retranslation problems, and administration of the questionnaire. The experience described shows that great care is needed when doing q…
Empirical tests of the absolute sleeper effect predicted from the discounting cue hypothesis
History of the sleeper effect
History of the sleeper effect
Efficacy and effectiveness trials (and other phases of research) in the development of health promotion programs
Mass media and smoking cessation
Evaluations of 40 mass media programs/campaigns designed to influence cigarette smoking were reviewed. Information/motivation programs/campaigns generally produced changes in awareness, knowledge, and attitudes. Extensive national campaigns also produced meaningful behavioral change. Programs/campaigns designed to promote some specific smoking-related action produced mixed results, depending in large part on the type of promotion involved. Mass m…
Work site group meetings and the effectiveness of a televised smoking cessation intervention
At the work site, smoking accounts for increased health care expenses and worker absenteeism due to smoking-related illness and reduced productivity and lost wages. Developing comprehensive and accessible smoking cessation programs at the work site is an important objective for health care professionals. In this study, employees of 43 corporations participated in a televised smoking cessation program accompanied by self-help manuals. The media co…
Are we marketing the right message
Two hundred sixty‐eight adolescents from two Southern California schools participated in a study designed to assess the compliance‐resisting strategies children use when rejecting pressure to smoke. Participants were asked to indicate how they would respond to eight hypothetical situations varying in relationship (friend vs. acquaintance), number of people present (dyad vs. group), and amount of pressure (first vs. second exertion of pressure). T…
Six-year follow-up of the first Waterloo school smoking prevention trial
This paper reports six-year follow-up data from the first large-scale randomized trial of the social influences approach to smoking prevention. In 1979, 22 schools were randomly assigned to program or control conditions. Students in program schools received a social influences curriculum in six core and two maintenance sessions in grade 6, two booster sessions in grade 7, and one booster session in grade 8. All students were assessed at pretest (…
The power of policy
This study examined the effects of smoking policy on 4,807 adolescents in 23 schools over a two-county area in California. Amounts and prevalence rates of adolescent smoking were measured with a self-report survey and a biochemical measure; school smoking policy was measured with two independent surveys of school staff. Policy effects were evaluated with multiple and logistic regression analyses controlling for school-level socioeconomic status a…
One year follow-up of the Chicago televised smoking cessation program
We compared the relative effectiveness of four different conditions of self-help and social support provided to people attempting to quit smoking in conjunction with a televised cessation program: Smokers ready to quit were able to request written manuals from hardware stores to accompany a televised program. At worksites we provided the written manual to all workers. At a random half of the worksites, we also provided training to discussion lead…
Health behaviors in minority families
1Senior Research Specialist 2Director and Associate Professor 3Director and Associate Professor, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of Southern California Pasadena, California 4Prevention Research Center School of Public Health University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Illinois
Why children start smoking cigarettes
We review findings from 27 prospective studies of the onset of cigarette smoking conducted since 1980. Almost 300 measures of predictors of smoking onset were examined, and 74% of them provided multivariate support for predictors of onset derived from theory and previous empirical findings. Expected relationships were strongly supported for (a) socioeconomic status, with students with compromised status being more likely to try smoking; (b) socia…
Report of the Tobacco Policy Research Study Group on Tobacco Marketing and Promotion
In this report a distinction is drawn between two categories of marketing and promotion activities. The first and most familiar category includes activities typically denoted by “advertising and promotion”, entailing tobacco company efforts targeted directly at tobacco consumers or prospective consumers and intended to encourage tobacco use (either initiation or maintenance, and either brand specific or brand neutral smoking). The second category…
Music preference as a diagnostic indicator of adolescent drug use
Music preference as a diagnostic indicator of adolescent drug use. C W Dent, J Galaif, S Sussman, A W Stacy, D Burton, and B R FlayCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.82.1.124 Published Online: October 07, 2011
The second Chicago televised smoking cessation program
OBJECTIVES. As smoking decreases in the population, the remaining smoking population will change, and cessation initiatives will have to incorporate strategies designed for these smokers. METHODS. To study patterns of response to a cessation intervention composed of 20 televised segments and the American Lung Association Freedom from Smoking in 20 Days manual, this study compared cessation rates over 24 months in a cohort of smokers who registere…
Project towards no tobacco use
OBJECTIVES. We present 1-year follow-up data from a school-based tobacco use prevention project designed to test the effectiveness of three main components of social influence programs. The components teach refusal skills, awareness of social misperceptions about tobacco use, and misconceptions about physical consequences. METHODS. Four different curricula were developed and tested in a randomized experiment involving 48 junior high schools. The …
Health Behavior Changes Through Television
We assess the role played by two types of self-selection in accounting for the influence of a television series on smoking cessation. De facto selection is based on respondents' regular channel viewing habits that can expose them to the series. Motivated self-selection takes place when viewers deliberately select to watch television programming because it meets their desire to quit smoking. Self-selection also can be viewed as a methodological ar…
Random-effects regression models for clustered data with an example from smoking prevention research.
Adolescent risk for HIV as viewed by youth and their parents
This study explores generational differences between parents and high-risk adolescents in knowledge and attitudes toward infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A total of 495 seventh grade students from 5 schools in high-risk communities in the suburbs of a large midwestern city completed a self-administered questionnaire before and after a 2-week education intervention on the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Their paren…
Parental Participation in Drug Abuse Prevention
The Midwestern Prevention Program (MPP) is an ongoing trial of a multi-component intervention—including a school-based social influence curriculum, a parent program, mass-media programming, community organization, and health policy change—designed to prevent drug and alcohol abuse among adolescents. In this article, we focus on the Indianapolis program site, and we address relationships between parental participation in the program and adolescent…
Differential Influence of Parental Smoking and Friends' Smoking on Adolescent Initiation and Escalation and Smoking
Smoking-related behaviors and attitudes of significant others (especially friends and parents) are among the most consistent predictors of adolescent smoking. However, theorists remain divided on whether the behaviors of significant others influence adolescent smoking directly or indirectly, and the relative influence of parental and peer smoking on adolescents' own smoking is still a matter of debate. In addition, little research has examined th…
Using Log-Linear Models for Longitudinal Data to Test Alternative Explanations for Stage-Like Phenomena
We show how log-linear models for multi-wave longitudinal data can be used to test hypotheses relating to stage-like relationships between variables. To illustrate our approach, we use an example from research on adolescent cigarette and marijuana experimentation. Previous research has documented that most adolescents experiment with substances in a stage-like sequence: first cigarettes and then marijuana. Several hypotheses have been suggested a…
Prospective psychosocial, interpersonal, and behavioral predictors of handgun carrying among adolescents
OBJECTIVES: This study identified behavioral and psychosocial/interpersonal factors in young adolescence that are associated with handgun carrying in later adolescence. METHODS: A sample of 2200 high school students was surveyed at 9th grade and again at 12th grade. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that measures of risk-taking preference, depression, stress, temper, and drug use assessed while the students were in 9th …
Effects of a community-based prevention program on decreasing drug use in high-risk adolescents
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the secondary prevention effects of a substance abuse primary prevention program. METHODS: Logistic regression analyses were conducted on 4 waves of follow-up data from sixth- and seventh-grade baseline users of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana taking part in a school-based program in Indianapolis. RESULTS: The program demonstrated significant reductions in cigarette use at the initial follow-up (6 months) an…
Psychology (58 obras) · Medicine (44 obras) · Clinical Psychology (25 obras) · Smoking Behavior and Cessation (25 obras) · Social Psychology (25 obras) · Developmental psychology (22 obras) · Environmental health (22 obras) · Psychiatry (21 obras) · Public health (16 obras) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (14 obras)