Gerald E Mcclearn
Biographic Data
| ID | 146685 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gerald E Mcclearn |
| GIVEN NAMES | Gerald E |
| FAMILY NAME | Mcclearn |
| SIGNATURE | MCCLEARN G E |
| AFFILIATIONS | Pennsylvania State University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 133 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1959 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2012 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Behavioral Genetics
Stability of genetic influences on pulmonary function in a longitudinal study of octogenarian twins
Using data from the first four waves of the OCTO‐Twin study (twins 80 + years), the present study investigated the stability and change of genetic and environmental contributions to pulmonary function. Using a genetic simplex model, variance in peak expiratory flow (PEF) at each wave was decomposed into additive genetic and nonshared (specific) environmental factors. Additionally, this analysis distinguished the source of these influences, either…
Sex Differences After All Those Years? Heritability of Cognitive Abilities in Old Age
We investigated sex differences in genetic and environmental effects on cognitive abilities among older adult twins. We drew participants from the Swedish Twin Registry; our sample included 647 twin pairs. Our cognitive measures included Synonyms, Block Design, Digit Span, Thurstone's Picture Memory, Symbol Digit, and general cognitive ability tests. Higher age was related to lower performance in all cognitive measures, except synonyms. For digit…
Genes, environment, and race: Quantitative genetic approaches
Understanding the origins of racial health disparities is currently a central focus of health-oriented funding agencies and the health policy community. In particular, the role of genetics in the origin of racial health disparities is receiving growing attention and has been susceptible to considerable misinterpretation. In this article, the authors provide a basic discussion about the concept of genes and race, an introduction to quantitative ge…
Gender and Health: A Study of Older Unlike-Sex Twins
Important gender differences and similarities in health were found using an unlike-sex twin design that reduced variability due to background characteristics. This design also minimized problems caused by gender differences in survival. Research on gender and health in older persons requires more detailed approaches to address the complexity of this topic
Terminal Decline and Markers of Cerebro- and Cardiovascular Disease: Findings From a Longitudinal Study of the Oldest Old
The purpose of this study was to examine the cognition-survival relationship among nondemented individuals in late life. The longitudinal design included three examinations at 2-year intervals. At baseline, 466 individuals (age range = 80-98) were examined. During the 6 years of follow-up, 206 individuals died. Four survival groups were defined on the basis of mortality prior to the subsequent measurement occasion. Tests of cognitive functioning …
The Importance of Genetic and Environmental Effects for Self-Reported Health Symptoms: A 30-Year Follow-Up Considering Survival and Selection Effects
The increase in variation from the mid-50s to the mid-80s appears to be due to an accumulation in environmental variation. There are gender differences that deserve further exploration
Longitudinal and Genetic Effects in the Relationship between Pulmonary Function and Cognitive Performance
Previous studies have found cognitive deficits in patients with impaired pulmonary function, and recent data from healthy older adults suggest an association of pulmonary function with cognitive function. This 6-year longitudinal study evaluated genetic and environmental sources of covariation in the association of pulmonary function and cognitive performance. The sample included 222 Swedish twin pairs (60% women) with a mean age of 62.3 (+/- 7.7…
Longitudinal and cross-sectional twin data on cognitive abilities in adulthood: The Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging
Cross-sequential methods of analysis, designed to separate age and cohort effects, were applied to data from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging. Thirteen cognitive variables were collected at 3 times of measurement separated by 3-year intervals. Data were available from 85 individuals from monozygotic (MZ) pairs reared apart, 132 from MZ pairs reared together, 207 from dizygotic (DZ) pairs reared apart, and 178 from DZ pairs reared together…
Genetics and Behavioral Medicine: The Error of the Error Term
Genetics and Behavioral Medicine: The Error of the Error Term." Behavioral Medicine, 22(4), pp. 150–151Index Terms: behavioral medicineerror termgeneticsindividualityreactivity
Selection Bias in Samples of Older Twins: A Comparison between Octogenarian Twins and Singletons in Sweden
Twin studies are a powerful approach for estimating genetic and environmental influences in later life, but the usual requirement that both twins are alive may introduce a selection bias in gerontological studies relative to representative samples of nontwins. In the present study, samples of older twins and nontwins in Sweden were compared across the domains of vitality, well-being, physical and cognitive functioning, and health utilization to e…
Can personality explain genetic influences on life events
Previous research in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) has found genetic influences on life events (R. Plomin, P. Lichtenstein, N.L. Pedersen, G.E. McClearn, & J.R. Nesselroade, 1990). The present study extends this finding by examining sex differences in genetic and environmental contributions to life events and by examining personality as a mediator of genetic influences on life events in SATSA. Analyses were based on 320 twin pa…
Multidimensional Patterns of Aging in 70-Year-Olds: Survival Differences
This article examines the predictive ability for survival of five multidimensional patterns of aging found in 335 70-year-olds from the geriatric and gerontological studies in Gothenburg, Sweden (H-70). The multidimensional patterns were identified by cluster analysis of the domains of cognitive performance, physical health, functional capacity, subjective well-being, and social contacts. Survival differences are found among the patterns and betw…
A Co-twin--Control Study of Response to Widowhood
The effects of long-term and recent conjugal bereavement were investigated in a sample of 2,104 Swedish twins followed between 1984 and 1993. In co-twin-control analyses, the bereaved twin experienced significantly more depressive symptoms, more loneliness, and less life satisfaction than the married co-twin. This association existed for recently widowed ( 5 years) reported more loneliness than married individuals, and for women there was also a …
High, usual and impaired functioning in community-dwelling older men and women: Findings from the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on successful aging
Genetic and Environmental Effects on Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness: An Adoption/Twin Study
Previous research has indicated that extraversion and neuroticism are substantially affected both by genotype and environment. This study assesses genetic and environmental influences on the other three components of the five‐factor model of personality: Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. An abbreviated version of the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI) was administered to 82 pairs of identical twins and 171 pairs of fra…
Genetic influence on family environment: The role of personality
The relation between genetic influence on personality (extraversion and neuroticism) and genetic influence on family environment measures was examined. More than 400 pairs of twins were assessed at the average age of 59 years. Trivariate quantitative genetic model-fitting analyses indicated that genetic influence on a Relationship dimension and a Personal Growth dimension of the environmental measure was shared with genetic effects on personality…
Socioeconomic status and physical health, how are they related? An empirical study based on twins reared apart and twins reared together
Age Differences in the Etiology of the Relationship between Life Satisfaction and Self-Rated Health
This study explores age differences in the genetic and environmental influences that may mediate the relationship between life satisfaction and self-rated health. The participants are from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA), which includes 99 pairs of identical twins reared apart, 166 pairs of identical twins reared together, 238 pairs of fraternal twins reared apart, and 221 pairs of fraternal twins reared together. A mailed questi…
The Origins of Individual Differences in Occupational Status and Educational Level: A Study of Twins Reared Apart and Together
Sources of influences on educational and occupational achievement were investigated using the powerful combined twin/adoption design. Analyses for education were based on 331 pairs of twins reared apart (TRA) and 375 pairs of twins reared together (TRT) Analyses for occupation were based on fewer pairs Maximum-likelihood model-fitting analyses revealed that environmental effects unique to the individual. environmental effects shared by the two tw…
Genetic and environmental influences for type A-like measures and related traits: A study of twins reared apart and twins reared together
The relative influences of genetic and environmental factors for Type A-like behaviors and related traits were examined in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging. The sample consisted of 99 pairs of monozygotic twins separated at an early age and reared apart, 229 pairs of dizygotic twins reared apart, 160 monozygotic pairs reared together, and 212 dizygotic pairs reared together. The average age of the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging twin…
Genetic Influence on Adults' Ratings of Their Current Family Environment
Robert Plomin, G. E. McClearn, Nancy L. Pedersen, John R. Nesselroade, C. S. Bergeman, Genetic Influence on Adults' Ratings of Their Current Family Environment, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 51, No. 3 (Aug., 1989), pp. 791-803
Genetic influence on childhood family environment perceived retrospectively from the last half of the life span
Neuroticism, extraversion, and related traits in adult twins reared apart and reared together
The relative importance of genetic and environmental factors for neuroticism, extraversion, impulsivity, and monotony avoidance were estimated in a sample of 99 monozygotic and 229 dizygotic pairs of twins reared apart (TRA) and a matched sample of 160 monozygotic and 212 dizygotic pairs of twins reared together (TRT). The average age was 58.6 (SD = 13.6); 72% of the twins were 50 or older. Model-fitting analyses verified the importance of geneti…
Preface: Genetics and the human encounter with alcohol
Socioeconomic status and physical health, how are they related? An empirical study based on twins reared apart and twins reared together
The Origins of Individual Differences in Occupational Status and Educational Level: A Study of Twins Reared Apart and Together
Sources of influences on educational and occupational achievement were investigated using the powerful combined twin/adoption design. Analyses for education were based on 331 pairs of twins reared apart (TRA) and 375 pairs of twins reared together (TRT) Analyses for occupation were based on fewer pairs Maximum-likelihood model-fitting analyses revealed that environmental effects unique to the individual. environmental effects shared by the two tw…
Genetic influence on childhood family environment perceived retrospectively from the last half of the life span
Longitudinal and cross-sectional twin data on cognitive abilities in adulthood: The Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging
Cross-sequential methods of analysis, designed to separate age and cohort effects, were applied to data from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging. Thirteen cognitive variables were collected at 3 times of measurement separated by 3-year intervals. Data were available from 85 individuals from monozygotic (MZ) pairs reared apart, 132 from MZ pairs reared together, 207 from dizygotic (DZ) pairs reared apart, and 178 from DZ pairs reared together…
Gender and Health: A Study of Older Unlike-Sex Twins
Important gender differences and similarities in health were found using an unlike-sex twin design that reduced variability due to background characteristics. This design also minimized problems caused by gender differences in survival. Research on gender and health in older persons requires more detailed approaches to address the complexity of this topic
A Co-twin--Control Study of Response to Widowhood
The effects of long-term and recent conjugal bereavement were investigated in a sample of 2,104 Swedish twins followed between 1984 and 1993. In co-twin-control analyses, the bereaved twin experienced significantly more depressive symptoms, more loneliness, and less life satisfaction than the married co-twin. This association existed for recently widowed ( 5 years) reported more loneliness than married individuals, and for women there was also a …
Can personality explain genetic influences on life events
Previous research in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) has found genetic influences on life events (R. Plomin, P. Lichtenstein, N.L. Pedersen, G.E. McClearn, & J.R. Nesselroade, 1990). The present study extends this finding by examining sex differences in genetic and environmental contributions to life events and by examining personality as a mediator of genetic influences on life events in SATSA. Analyses were based on 320 twin pa…
Genetic Influence on Adults' Ratings of Their Current Family Environment
Robert Plomin, G. E. McClearn, Nancy L. Pedersen, John R. Nesselroade, C. S. Bergeman, Genetic Influence on Adults' Ratings of Their Current Family Environment, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 51, No. 3 (Aug., 1989), pp. 791-803
Age Differences in the Etiology of the Relationship between Life Satisfaction and Self-Rated Health
This study explores age differences in the genetic and environmental influences that may mediate the relationship between life satisfaction and self-rated health. The participants are from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA), which includes 99 pairs of identical twins reared apart, 166 pairs of identical twins reared together, 238 pairs of fraternal twins reared apart, and 221 pairs of fraternal twins reared together. A mailed questi…
Genetic influence on family environment: The role of personality
The relation between genetic influence on personality (extraversion and neuroticism) and genetic influence on family environment measures was examined. More than 400 pairs of twins were assessed at the average age of 59 years. Trivariate quantitative genetic model-fitting analyses indicated that genetic influence on a Relationship dimension and a Personal Growth dimension of the environmental measure was shared with genetic effects on personality…
Neuroticism, extraversion, and related traits in adult twins reared apart and reared together
The relative importance of genetic and environmental factors for neuroticism, extraversion, impulsivity, and monotony avoidance were estimated in a sample of 99 monozygotic and 229 dizygotic pairs of twins reared apart (TRA) and a matched sample of 160 monozygotic and 212 dizygotic pairs of twins reared together (TRT). The average age was 58.6 (SD = 13.6); 72% of the twins were 50 or older. Model-fitting analyses verified the importance of geneti…
Longitudinal and Genetic Effects in the Relationship between Pulmonary Function and Cognitive Performance
Previous studies have found cognitive deficits in patients with impaired pulmonary function, and recent data from healthy older adults suggest an association of pulmonary function with cognitive function. This 6-year longitudinal study evaluated genetic and environmental sources of covariation in the association of pulmonary function and cognitive performance. The sample included 222 Swedish twin pairs (60% women) with a mean age of 62.3 (+/- 7.7…
Terminal Decline and Markers of Cerebro- and Cardiovascular Disease: Findings From a Longitudinal Study of the Oldest Old
The purpose of this study was to examine the cognition-survival relationship among nondemented individuals in late life. The longitudinal design included three examinations at 2-year intervals. At baseline, 466 individuals (age range = 80-98) were examined. During the 6 years of follow-up, 206 individuals died. Four survival groups were defined on the basis of mortality prior to the subsequent measurement occasion. Tests of cognitive functioning …
The Importance of Genetic and Environmental Effects for Self-Reported Health Symptoms: A 30-Year Follow-Up Considering Survival and Selection Effects
The increase in variation from the mid-50s to the mid-80s appears to be due to an accumulation in environmental variation. There are gender differences that deserve further exploration
Selection Bias in Samples of Older Twins: A Comparison between Octogenarian Twins and Singletons in Sweden
Twin studies are a powerful approach for estimating genetic and environmental influences in later life, but the usual requirement that both twins are alive may introduce a selection bias in gerontological studies relative to representative samples of nontwins. In the present study, samples of older twins and nontwins in Sweden were compared across the domains of vitality, well-being, physical and cognitive functioning, and health utilization to e…
Age and Group-Specific Cohort Effects on Personality Test Scores: A Study of Three Hawaiian Populations
There has been substantial social change in Hawaii in recent decades, with amount of change varying across ethnic groups and probably across sexes as well. If cohort effects have substantial influences on differences in personality test scores across age groups, then group-specific cohort effects should influence the magnitude of age correlations. We report correlations of personality test scores with age separately for members of three ethnic gr…
Assortative marriage for specific cognitive abilities in Korea
Age‐adjusted spouse correlations for performance on tests of specific cognitive abilities were substantially higher for couples tested in Korea than for Americans of European or Japanese ancestry tested in Hawaii. It was hypothesized that this greater spouse resemblance in Korea may be due to cultural factors such as the Korean practice of arranged marriages
Differences in Alcohol Preference among Inbred Strains of Mice
Mouse Strain Differences in Preference for Various Concentrations of Alcohol
Sucrose versus Ethanol Appetite in Inbred Strains of Mice
Assortative marriage for specific cognitive abilities in Korea
Age‐adjusted spouse correlations for performance on tests of specific cognitive abilities were substantially higher for couples tested in Korea than for Americans of European or Japanese ancestry tested in Hawaii. It was hypothesized that this greater spouse resemblance in Korea may be due to cultural factors such as the Korean practice of arranged marriages
Family background, cognitive ability, and personality as predictors of educational and occupational attainment
The addition of personality measures to measures of family background and of cognitive ability substantially increased prediction of the educational attainment of middle‐aged males and females. The addition of personality measures to measures of family background, cognitive ability, and own educational attainment substantially increased the prediction of the occupational attainment of middle‐aged males. Despite some differences, results generally…
Preface: Genetics and the human encounter with alcohol
Galton's data a century later
A century ago, Francis Galton obtained data from thousands of individuals on a variety of sensory, psychomotor, and physical attributes. A sub- stantial portion of these data has remained unana- tyzed. In this article, we report on the reliability of the measures, developmental trends in mean scores, correlations of the measures with age, correlations among measures, occupational differences in scores, and sibling correlations. Test-retest correl…
Age and Group-Specific Cohort Effects on Personality Test Scores: A Study of Three Hawaiian Populations
There has been substantial social change in Hawaii in recent decades, with amount of change varying across ethnic groups and probably across sexes as well. If cohort effects have substantial influences on differences in personality test scores across age groups, then group-specific cohort effects should influence the magnitude of age correlations. We report correlations of personality test scores with age separately for members of three ethnic gr…
Genetic influence on childhood family environment perceived retrospectively from the last half of the life span
Neuroticism, extraversion, and related traits in adult twins reared apart and reared together
The relative importance of genetic and environmental factors for neuroticism, extraversion, impulsivity, and monotony avoidance were estimated in a sample of 99 monozygotic and 229 dizygotic pairs of twins reared apart (TRA) and a matched sample of 160 monozygotic and 212 dizygotic pairs of twins reared together (TRT). The average age was 58.6 (SD = 13.6); 72% of the twins were 50 or older. Model-fitting analyses verified the importance of geneti…
Genetic and environmental influences for type A-like measures and related traits: A study of twins reared apart and twins reared together
The relative influences of genetic and environmental factors for Type A-like behaviors and related traits were examined in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging. The sample consisted of 99 pairs of monozygotic twins separated at an early age and reared apart, 229 pairs of dizygotic twins reared apart, 160 monozygotic pairs reared together, and 212 dizygotic pairs reared together. The average age of the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging twin…
Genetic Influence on Adults' Ratings of Their Current Family Environment
Robert Plomin, G. E. McClearn, Nancy L. Pedersen, John R. Nesselroade, C. S. Bergeman, Genetic Influence on Adults' Ratings of Their Current Family Environment, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 51, No. 3 (Aug., 1989), pp. 791-803
Age Differences in the Etiology of the Relationship between Life Satisfaction and Self-Rated Health
This study explores age differences in the genetic and environmental influences that may mediate the relationship between life satisfaction and self-rated health. The participants are from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA), which includes 99 pairs of identical twins reared apart, 166 pairs of identical twins reared together, 238 pairs of fraternal twins reared apart, and 221 pairs of fraternal twins reared together. A mailed questi…
The Origins of Individual Differences in Occupational Status and Educational Level: A Study of Twins Reared Apart and Together
Sources of influences on educational and occupational achievement were investigated using the powerful combined twin/adoption design. Analyses for education were based on 331 pairs of twins reared apart (TRA) and 375 pairs of twins reared together (TRT) Analyses for occupation were based on fewer pairs Maximum-likelihood model-fitting analyses revealed that environmental effects unique to the individual. environmental effects shared by the two tw…
High, usual and impaired functioning in community-dwelling older men and women: Findings from the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on successful aging
Genetic and Environmental Effects on Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness: An Adoption/Twin Study
Previous research has indicated that extraversion and neuroticism are substantially affected both by genotype and environment. This study assesses genetic and environmental influences on the other three components of the five‐factor model of personality: Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. An abbreviated version of the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI) was administered to 82 pairs of identical twins and 171 pairs of fra…
Genetic influence on family environment: The role of personality
The relation between genetic influence on personality (extraversion and neuroticism) and genetic influence on family environment measures was examined. More than 400 pairs of twins were assessed at the average age of 59 years. Trivariate quantitative genetic model-fitting analyses indicated that genetic influence on a Relationship dimension and a Personal Growth dimension of the environmental measure was shared with genetic effects on personality…
Socioeconomic status and physical health, how are they related? An empirical study based on twins reared apart and twins reared together
Multidimensional Patterns of Aging in 70-Year-Olds: Survival Differences
This article examines the predictive ability for survival of five multidimensional patterns of aging found in 335 70-year-olds from the geriatric and gerontological studies in Gothenburg, Sweden (H-70). The multidimensional patterns were identified by cluster analysis of the domains of cognitive performance, physical health, functional capacity, subjective well-being, and social contacts. Survival differences are found among the patterns and betw…
A Co-twin--Control Study of Response to Widowhood
The effects of long-term and recent conjugal bereavement were investigated in a sample of 2,104 Swedish twins followed between 1984 and 1993. In co-twin-control analyses, the bereaved twin experienced significantly more depressive symptoms, more loneliness, and less life satisfaction than the married co-twin. This association existed for recently widowed ( 5 years) reported more loneliness than married individuals, and for women there was also a …
Genetics and Behavioral Medicine: The Error of the Error Term
Genetics and Behavioral Medicine: The Error of the Error Term." Behavioral Medicine, 22(4), pp. 150–151Index Terms: behavioral medicineerror termgeneticsindividualityreactivity
Selection Bias in Samples of Older Twins: A Comparison between Octogenarian Twins and Singletons in Sweden
Twin studies are a powerful approach for estimating genetic and environmental influences in later life, but the usual requirement that both twins are alive may introduce a selection bias in gerontological studies relative to representative samples of nontwins. In the present study, samples of older twins and nontwins in Sweden were compared across the domains of vitality, well-being, physical and cognitive functioning, and health utilization to e…
Can personality explain genetic influences on life events
Previous research in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) has found genetic influences on life events (R. Plomin, P. Lichtenstein, N.L. Pedersen, G.E. McClearn, & J.R. Nesselroade, 1990). The present study extends this finding by examining sex differences in genetic and environmental contributions to life events and by examining personality as a mediator of genetic influences on life events in SATSA. Analyses were based on 320 twin pa…
Longitudinal and Genetic Effects in the Relationship between Pulmonary Function and Cognitive Performance
Previous studies have found cognitive deficits in patients with impaired pulmonary function, and recent data from healthy older adults suggest an association of pulmonary function with cognitive function. This 6-year longitudinal study evaluated genetic and environmental sources of covariation in the association of pulmonary function and cognitive performance. The sample included 222 Swedish twin pairs (60% women) with a mean age of 62.3 (+/- 7.7…
Longitudinal and cross-sectional twin data on cognitive abilities in adulthood: The Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging
Cross-sequential methods of analysis, designed to separate age and cohort effects, were applied to data from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging. Thirteen cognitive variables were collected at 3 times of measurement separated by 3-year intervals. Data were available from 85 individuals from monozygotic (MZ) pairs reared apart, 132 from MZ pairs reared together, 207 from dizygotic (DZ) pairs reared apart, and 178 from DZ pairs reared together…
Psychology (27 works) · Developmental psychology (18 works) · Medicine (18 works) · Cognitive Abilities and Testing (17 works) · Biology (16 works) · Demography (14 works) · Demography (13 works) · Genetics (12 works) · Heritability (12 works) · Twin study (11 works)