Martin Ehala
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 146758 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Martin Ehala |
| PRENOMES | Martin |
| SOBRENOME | Ehala |
| ASSINATURA | EHALA M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Tartu |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9405-7264 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 32 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 155 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 32 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1996 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2021 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Patterns of individual multilingualism in Estonia
This article presents an empirical analysis of patterns of individual multilingualism in Estonia based on 2015 survey results. We hypothesize that individual multilingualism is situated at the intersection of three major overlapping social factors: 1) geographic locale, the space where individuals interact daily, measurable primarily by its ethno-demographic characteristics, 2) mostly economic factors, the commodification of languages, and 3) pat…
Tõde, identiteet ja moraalne absoluut
Viimase kümmekonna aasta jooksul on tõde nagu liiv näppude vahelt maha jooksnud: oleme jõudnud tõejärgsesse või täpsemalt öeldes faktijärgsesse ühiskonda, mida iseloomustab asjaolu, et fakt kui argument on kaotanud poliitilistes ja ideoloogilistes aruteludes oma veenmisjõu (vt Arias-Maldonado 2018). Fakt on väide, mida usutakse olevat tõene. See kaotab veenmisjõu, kui on piisavalt inimesi, kes selle tõesuses [...]
Assessing 40 Years of Group Vitality Research and Future Directions
This article provides key group vitality concepts followed by a selective overview of four decades of research on vitality issues. Group vitality is what makes language communities behave as distinctive and active collective entities within multilingual settings. Three structural factors combine to foster strong to weak group vitality: demographic factors, institutional support, and status. The objective vitality framework uses available census a…
Testing an agent-based model of language choice on sociolinguistic survey data
The paper outlines an agent-based model for language choice in multilingual communities and tests its performance on samples of data drawn from a large-scale sociolinguistic survey carried out in Estonia. While previous research in the field of language competition has focused on diachronic applications, utilizing rather abstract models of uniform speakers, we aim to model synchronic language competition among more realistic, data-based agents. W…
Refiloloogia ja selle kolm komponenti
Filoloogia lagunemine ja selle korduv teema mitte üksnes eesti filoloogias ega Keele ja Kirjanduse veergudel. Nagu Marek Tamm kirjeldab oma ülevaateartiklis „Tagasipöördumine filoloogia juurde: vaade Ameerikast”, on sama juhtmotiiv tuntud ka lääne teoreetilises mõtlemises vähemalt möödunud sajandi kaheksakümnendatest aastatest alates, tihedalt seotuna sooviga pöörduda filoloogia juurde tagasi. Aga nii nagu samasse jõkke ei saa astuda [...]
Eesti keele oskus ja kasutus teise keelena
Peatselt lõpeb „Eesti keele arengukava 2011–2017” kuusaastak ja eesti keele seisundi hindamine on päevakohane niihästi vahekokkuvõtte tegemiseks kui ka uue arengukava sihtide sättimiseks. Allan Puur, Leen Rahnu ning Jaak Valge (2016) on sellega algust teinud, andes rahvaloenduste andmete põhjal ülevaate Eestis kõneldavatest emakeeltest, eesti keele oskusest teise keelena ja keelevahetuse protsessidest viimase 25 aasta jooksul. [...]
Blurring of collective identities in the post-Soviet space
The paper focuses on collective identity formation in the post-Soviet space, applying the Sign Theory of Identity, which claims that collective identity is a type of Social Sign, which structure the social world and legitimise the distribution of power and resources. The paper specifies the functional and structural differences between ethnic, ethnic national, civic national, imperial and linguistic identities; outlines the conditions for identit…
Language and identity in the late Soviet Union and thereafter
The introduction to the special issue takes a brief look at the history of ethnolinguistic policies in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and post-Soviet space. It also covers relevant key terms for understanding linguistic processes taking place after the collapse of USSR. At the end it introduces the case studies included in this special issue
Subjective vitality and patterns of acculturation
The article presents a comparative analysis of the subjective vitalities (SVs) of the minority groups of Latvia (Russian-speakers), Lithuania (Russian-speakers and Poles) and Mari El (Maris) in the Russian Federation, with a particular focus on the Mari case. The same extended version of the SV questionnaire was used in quantitative surveys in all four cases. The analysis revealed that Russians in Latvia and Maris have relatively high SVs, while …
Ethnolinguistic Vitality
Ethnolinguistic vitality is a group's ability to maintain and protect its existence in time as a collective entity with a distinctive identity and language. It involves continuing intergenerational transmission of group's language and cultural practices, sustainable demography and active social institutions, social cohesion, and emotional attachment to its collective identity. This article identifies the key stages of the development of the conce…
Kuidas uurida keele kestlikkust
Hot and cold ethnicities in the Baltic states
The article discusses the temperatures of the main ethnic groups in the Baltic states: Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, and their three Russian-speaking communities, and the Latgalian and Polish minority groups in Latvia and Lithuania, respectively. The study uses a triangulated methodology that includes a survey questionnaire for quantitative study and an associated protocol for a semi-structured focus group interview. The aim of the methodolog…
Inter-ethnic processes in post-Soviet space
This introductory article of a special issue outlines the general theoretical background, formulates principles for a continuum of hot and cold ethnicities, gives a brief characterisation of the interethnic developments after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and provides an overview of the papers. This collection of contributions deals with a variety of case studies with a particular focus on the strength of members' emotional attachment to th…
Formation of territorial collective identities
This paper provides a broad comparative summary of all the cases addressed in the Special Issue ‘Hot and cold ethnicities in post-Soviet space’. The aim of the summary is to pinpoint the major features that have an impact on the ethnic temperatures in the social settings studied. This paper argues that ethnic, national, civic and imperial groups are representatives of the same type (territorial groups) and the collective identity formation which …
Transfer, hybridization and analogy in L2 usage
The article presents the results of a quantitative study of Estonian object marking by L2 speakers with Russian as their L1 ( N = 91). A written production task was used to obtain the data. This task consisted of a coherent Estonian text where the informants needed to fill the blanks left for the direct objects. The data revealed large-scale variability: informants did not only transfer Russian features to Estonian L2. There was also evidence for…
Kui vajalik on grammatika
Eesti õpilaste keelehoiakud 2011. aastal
Aastal 2003 viisid Martin Ehala ja Katrin Niglas kooliõpilaste seas läbi esindusliku uuringu, mille eesmärk oli saada ülevaade hoiakutest, mis võiksid mõjutada noorte keele-eelistusi olukordades ja keskkondades, kus on võimalik valida eesti ja inglise keele vahel, näiteks veebisuhtluses, meelelahutust tarbides, koolis ja ülikoolis, tööelus ning segaperekonnas (vt Ehala, Niglas 2004). Valimisse arvatud 1887 õpilase vastustest [...]
Cultural Values Predicting Acculturation Orientations
This article proposes that acculturation orientations are related to two sets of cultural values: utilitarianism (Ut) and traditionalism (Tr). While utilitarian values enhance assimilation, traditional values support language and identity maintenance. It is proposed that the propensity to either end of this value opposition can be measured by an index (U) calculated as a differential of utilitarianism and traditionalism (U = Ut–Tr). To measure Ut…
The diffusion of impositional innovations in the Estonian object-marking system
This study aims to specify to what extent the variation introduced in the Estonian object-marking system by Russian-dominant Estonian L2 speakers is spreading to the native usage of Estonian. 669 secondary school students completed a written production task and a grammaticality judgment task on object marking. The results indicate that the object-marking variation is contact-induced and that the group of fluent bilinguals acts as a bridge for imp…
Interethnic discordance and stability in Estonia
This article proposes a theoretical model of perceived intergroup stability (STB) consisting of two factors: the perceived strength differential (PSD) between the groups, expressing the changeability of the power relations, and the level of intergroup discordance (D), expressing the level of aversion towards the outgroup combined with the perceptions of legitimacy of intergroup power relations. A quantitative study of Estonian (N = 538) and Russi…
Hot and cold ethnicities
The paper presents the summary of the special issue of JMMD 'Ethnolinguistic vitality'. The volume shows convincingly that ethnolinguistic vitality perceptions as measured by standard methodology such as the Subjective Ethnolinguistic Vitality Questionnaires (SEVQ) are not reliable indicators of actual vitality. Evidence that ethnolinguistic behaviour is more affected by social structural factors and by members' motivations than by their subjecti…
Tradition and innovation in the Ethnolinguistic Vitality theory
According to Google Scholar, the annual number of new publications mentioning ‘Ethnolinguistic Vitality’ (EV theory henceforth) has been steadily growing during the last 15 years, from 20 in 1995 t
The impact of inter-ethnic discordance on subjective vitality perceptions
Subjective ethno-linguistic vitality expresses a group's perception of its own ability to act as a distinctive collective entity in intergroup encounters. Although subjective vitality questionnaires have proved to be reliable instruments of measurement, there has been criticism that they underestimate actual vitality (see Yagmur, this issue). A possible reason for this might be that there are other factors present that can potentially affect vita…
Refining the notion of ethnolinguistic vitality
The paper argues that the notion of ethnolinguistic vitality has been used ambiguously in the vitality theory, denoting three distinct theoretical concepts: sustainability (Su), strength (S) and vitality (V). It is hypothesised that sustainability is a group's ability to continue existing as a group while vitality is its ability to act as a collective entity and strength is its durability in demographic, economic, institutional and cultural terms…
Ethnolinguistic vitality and intergroup processes
The paper argues that ethnolinguistic vitality depends on four crucial social psychological factors: perceived strength differential, intergroup distance, utilitarianism and intergroup discordance. The influence of these factors on the vitality of subordinate and dominant groups is outlined. It is proposed that the vitality of both types of groups could be measured on the same scale. The low end of this scale indicates group members' disposition …
The Bronze Soldier
Keywords: identity threatintergroup processeswar memorialsEstonia
Refining the notion of ethnolinguistic vitality
The paper argues that the notion of ethnolinguistic vitality has been used ambiguously in the vitality theory, denoting three distinct theoretical concepts: sustainability (Su), strength (S) and vitality (V). It is hypothesised that sustainability is a group's ability to continue existing as a group while vitality is its ability to act as a collective entity and strength is its durability in demographic, economic, institutional and cultural terms…
Hot and cold ethnicities
The paper presents the summary of the special issue of JMMD 'Ethnolinguistic vitality'. The volume shows convincingly that ethnolinguistic vitality perceptions as measured by standard methodology such as the Subjective Ethnolinguistic Vitality Questionnaires (SEVQ) are not reliable indicators of actual vitality. Evidence that ethnolinguistic behaviour is more affected by social structural factors and by members' motivations than by their subjecti…
Ethnolinguistic vitality and intergroup processes
The paper argues that ethnolinguistic vitality depends on four crucial social psychological factors: perceived strength differential, intergroup distance, utilitarianism and intergroup discordance. The influence of these factors on the vitality of subordinate and dominant groups is outlined. It is proposed that the vitality of both types of groups could be measured on the same scale. The low end of this scale indicates group members' disposition …
Assessing 40 Years of Group Vitality Research and Future Directions
This article provides key group vitality concepts followed by a selective overview of four decades of research on vitality issues. Group vitality is what makes language communities behave as distinctive and active collective entities within multilingual settings. Three structural factors combine to foster strong to weak group vitality: demographic factors, institutional support, and status. The objective vitality framework uses available census a…
The impact of inter-ethnic discordance on subjective vitality perceptions
Subjective ethno-linguistic vitality expresses a group's perception of its own ability to act as a distinctive collective entity in intergroup encounters. Although subjective vitality questionnaires have proved to be reliable instruments of measurement, there has been criticism that they underestimate actual vitality (see Yagmur, this issue). A possible reason for this might be that there are other factors present that can potentially affect vita…
Hot and cold ethnicities in the Baltic states
The article discusses the temperatures of the main ethnic groups in the Baltic states: Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, and their three Russian-speaking communities, and the Latgalian and Polish minority groups in Latvia and Lithuania, respectively. The study uses a triangulated methodology that includes a survey questionnaire for quantitative study and an associated protocol for a semi-structured focus group interview. The aim of the methodolog…
Empirical Evaluation of a Mathematical Model of Ethnolinguistic Vitality
The paper presents the results of an empirical evaluation of a mathematical model of ethnolinguistic vitality. The model adds several new factors to the set used in previous models of ethnolinguistic vitality and operationalises it in a manner that would make it easier to compare the vitality of different groups. According to the model, the ethnolinguistic vitality (V) depends on the perceived cultural weight of one's own community (M1) in relati…
Tradition and innovation in the Ethnolinguistic Vitality theory
According to Google Scholar, the annual number of new publications mentioning ‘Ethnolinguistic Vitality’ (EV theory henceforth) has been steadily growing during the last 15 years, from 20 in 1995 t
Ethnolinguistic Vitality
Ethnolinguistic vitality is a group's ability to maintain and protect its existence in time as a collective entity with a distinctive identity and language. It involves continuing intergenerational transmission of group's language and cultural practices, sustainable demography and active social institutions, social cohesion, and emotional attachment to its collective identity. This article identifies the key stages of the development of the conce…
Cultural Values Predicting Acculturation Orientations
This article proposes that acculturation orientations are related to two sets of cultural values: utilitarianism (Ut) and traditionalism (Tr). While utilitarian values enhance assimilation, traditional values support language and identity maintenance. It is proposed that the propensity to either end of this value opposition can be measured by an index (U) calculated as a differential of utilitarianism and traditionalism (U = Ut–Tr). To measure Ut…
Language Attitudes of Estonian Secondary School Students
The results of a survey of language attitudes of Estonian secondary school students, ages 15 to 18, are presented, and the implications for the practice of language maintenance are discussed. The survey revealed that Estonian is valued as a token of identity but not much as a commodity in the sense of linguistic economy. It is argued that globalisation has changed the immediate communication domain from a national state level to a transnational l…
Interethnic discordance and stability in Estonia
This article proposes a theoretical model of perceived intergroup stability (STB) consisting of two factors: the perceived strength differential (PSD) between the groups, expressing the changeability of the power relations, and the level of intergroup discordance (D), expressing the level of aversion towards the outgroup combined with the perceptions of legitimacy of intergroup power relations. A quantitative study of Estonian (N = 538) and Russi…
Connecting the Individual and Cultural Level Value Analysis
The studies of cultural dimensions have often shown that the values that are conceptually oppositional behave independently in empirical studies. This article addresses this apparent controversy in an attempt to operationalize one such bipolar value dimension: the utilitarianism–traditionalism scale. The empirical study of this dimension in Estonian and Russian populations in Estonia showed that these value groups are not related on the individua…
Inter-ethnic processes in post-Soviet space
This introductory article of a special issue outlines the general theoretical background, formulates principles for a continuum of hot and cold ethnicities, gives a brief characterisation of the interethnic developments after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and provides an overview of the papers. This collection of contributions deals with a variety of case studies with a particular focus on the strength of members' emotional attachment to th…
Blurring of collective identities in the post-Soviet space
The paper focuses on collective identity formation in the post-Soviet space, applying the Sign Theory of Identity, which claims that collective identity is a type of Social Sign, which structure the social world and legitimise the distribution of power and resources. The paper specifies the functional and structural differences between ethnic, ethnic national, civic national, imperial and linguistic identities; outlines the conditions for identit…
Language and identity in the late Soviet Union and thereafter
The introduction to the special issue takes a brief look at the history of ethnolinguistic policies in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and post-Soviet space. It also covers relevant key terms for understanding linguistic processes taking place after the collapse of USSR. At the end it introduces the case studies included in this special issue
Subjective vitality and patterns of acculturation
The article presents a comparative analysis of the subjective vitalities (SVs) of the minority groups of Latvia (Russian-speakers), Lithuania (Russian-speakers and Poles) and Mari El (Maris) in the Russian Federation, with a particular focus on the Mari case. The same extended version of the SV questionnaire was used in quantitative surveys in all four cases. The analysis revealed that Russians in Latvia and Maris have relatively high SVs, while …
Patterns of individual multilingualism in Estonia
This article presents an empirical analysis of patterns of individual multilingualism in Estonia based on 2015 survey results. We hypothesize that individual multilingualism is situated at the intersection of three major overlapping social factors: 1) geographic locale, the space where individuals interact daily, measurable primarily by its ethno-demographic characteristics, 2) mostly economic factors, the commodification of languages, and 3) pat…
Formation of territorial collective identities
This paper provides a broad comparative summary of all the cases addressed in the Special Issue ‘Hot and cold ethnicities in post-Soviet space’. The aim of the summary is to pinpoint the major features that have an impact on the ethnic temperatures in the social settings studied. This paper argues that ethnic, national, civic and imperial groups are representatives of the same type (territorial groups) and the collective identity formation which …
Self-Organisation and Language Change
This paper introduces a model of language change based on the theory of self-organisation. It is argued that the structure of language is defined by speech as much as speech is determined by grammar and that the emergence of new grammatical options is a process of mutual interaction of these two sides of language. The main principle of this model of language change is that changes can happen only when the system's stability is lost. At this point…
Stable States and Impossible Changes
The paper concentrates on the problem of cross-linguistic word-order regularities, known as Natural Serialisation Principle. It is argued that the teleological nature of this principle is due to a too broad understanding of the notion of state for a linguistic system. If the notion of state is applied to smaller subsystems of the whole word- order system, the apparent teleological tendencies within this whole can be modelled without referring to …
The Word Order of Estonian
Estonian is most often considered a SVO language. However, in main clauses, SVX and XVS are equally frequent, which indicates that Estonian has the V2 phenomenon. In subordinate clauses, Estonian shows a quite high proportion of verb final order. The picture becomes more complex when the position of the auxiliary verb (I) in verbal complexes is taken into account: Estonian seems to have a SIOV order. Historically this order has been stable for se…
Language Attitudes of Estonian Secondary School Students
The results of a survey of language attitudes of Estonian secondary school students, ages 15 to 18, are presented, and the implications for the practice of language maintenance are discussed. The survey revealed that Estonian is valued as a token of identity but not much as a commodity in the sense of linguistic economy. It is argued that globalisation has changed the immediate communication domain from a national state level to a transnational l…
Empirical Evaluation of a Mathematical Model of Ethnolinguistic Vitality
The paper presents the results of an empirical evaluation of a mathematical model of ethnolinguistic vitality. The model adds several new factors to the set used in previous models of ethnolinguistic vitality and operationalises it in a manner that would make it easier to compare the vitality of different groups. According to the model, the ethnolinguistic vitality (V) depends on the perceived cultural weight of one's own community (M1) in relati…
Connecting the Individual and Cultural Level Value Analysis
The studies of cultural dimensions have often shown that the values that are conceptually oppositional behave independently in empirical studies. This article addresses this apparent controversy in an attempt to operationalize one such bipolar value dimension: the utilitarianism–traditionalism scale. The empirical study of this dimension in Estonian and Russian populations in Estonia showed that these value groups are not related on the individua…
The Bronze Soldier
Keywords: identity threatintergroup processeswar memorialsEstonia
Refining the notion of ethnolinguistic vitality
The paper argues that the notion of ethnolinguistic vitality has been used ambiguously in the vitality theory, denoting three distinct theoretical concepts: sustainability (Su), strength (S) and vitality (V). It is hypothesised that sustainability is a group's ability to continue existing as a group while vitality is its ability to act as a collective entity and strength is its durability in demographic, economic, institutional and cultural terms…
Ethnolinguistic vitality and intergroup processes
The paper argues that ethnolinguistic vitality depends on four crucial social psychological factors: perceived strength differential, intergroup distance, utilitarianism and intergroup discordance. The influence of these factors on the vitality of subordinate and dominant groups is outlined. It is proposed that the vitality of both types of groups could be measured on the same scale. The low end of this scale indicates group members' disposition …
The diffusion of impositional innovations in the Estonian object-marking system
This study aims to specify to what extent the variation introduced in the Estonian object-marking system by Russian-dominant Estonian L2 speakers is spreading to the native usage of Estonian. 669 secondary school students completed a written production task and a grammaticality judgment task on object marking. The results indicate that the object-marking variation is contact-induced and that the group of fluent bilinguals acts as a bridge for imp…
Interethnic discordance and stability in Estonia
This article proposes a theoretical model of perceived intergroup stability (STB) consisting of two factors: the perceived strength differential (PSD) between the groups, expressing the changeability of the power relations, and the level of intergroup discordance (D), expressing the level of aversion towards the outgroup combined with the perceptions of legitimacy of intergroup power relations. A quantitative study of Estonian (N = 538) and Russi…
Hot and cold ethnicities
The paper presents the summary of the special issue of JMMD 'Ethnolinguistic vitality'. The volume shows convincingly that ethnolinguistic vitality perceptions as measured by standard methodology such as the Subjective Ethnolinguistic Vitality Questionnaires (SEVQ) are not reliable indicators of actual vitality. Evidence that ethnolinguistic behaviour is more affected by social structural factors and by members' motivations than by their subjecti…
Tradition and innovation in the Ethnolinguistic Vitality theory
According to Google Scholar, the annual number of new publications mentioning ‘Ethnolinguistic Vitality’ (EV theory henceforth) has been steadily growing during the last 15 years, from 20 in 1995 t
The impact of inter-ethnic discordance on subjective vitality perceptions
Subjective ethno-linguistic vitality expresses a group's perception of its own ability to act as a distinctive collective entity in intergroup encounters. Although subjective vitality questionnaires have proved to be reliable instruments of measurement, there has been criticism that they underestimate actual vitality (see Yagmur, this issue). A possible reason for this might be that there are other factors present that can potentially affect vita…
Transfer, hybridization and analogy in L2 usage
The article presents the results of a quantitative study of Estonian object marking by L2 speakers with Russian as their L1 ( N = 91). A written production task was used to obtain the data. This task consisted of a coherent Estonian text where the informants needed to fill the blanks left for the direct objects. The data revealed large-scale variability: informants did not only transfer Russian features to Estonian L2. There was also evidence for…
Kui vajalik on grammatika
Eesti õpilaste keelehoiakud 2011. aastal
Aastal 2003 viisid Martin Ehala ja Katrin Niglas kooliõpilaste seas läbi esindusliku uuringu, mille eesmärk oli saada ülevaade hoiakutest, mis võiksid mõjutada noorte keele-eelistusi olukordades ja keskkondades, kus on võimalik valida eesti ja inglise keele vahel, näiteks veebisuhtluses, meelelahutust tarbides, koolis ja ülikoolis, tööelus ning segaperekonnas (vt Ehala, Niglas 2004). Valimisse arvatud 1887 õpilase vastustest [...]
Cultural Values Predicting Acculturation Orientations
This article proposes that acculturation orientations are related to two sets of cultural values: utilitarianism (Ut) and traditionalism (Tr). While utilitarian values enhance assimilation, traditional values support language and identity maintenance. It is proposed that the propensity to either end of this value opposition can be measured by an index (U) calculated as a differential of utilitarianism and traditionalism (U = Ut–Tr). To measure Ut…
Kuidas uurida keele kestlikkust
Hot and cold ethnicities in the Baltic states
The article discusses the temperatures of the main ethnic groups in the Baltic states: Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, and their three Russian-speaking communities, and the Latgalian and Polish minority groups in Latvia and Lithuania, respectively. The study uses a triangulated methodology that includes a survey questionnaire for quantitative study and an associated protocol for a semi-structured focus group interview. The aim of the methodolog…
Inter-ethnic processes in post-Soviet space
This introductory article of a special issue outlines the general theoretical background, formulates principles for a continuum of hot and cold ethnicities, gives a brief characterisation of the interethnic developments after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and provides an overview of the papers. This collection of contributions deals with a variety of case studies with a particular focus on the strength of members' emotional attachment to th…
Formation of territorial collective identities
This paper provides a broad comparative summary of all the cases addressed in the Special Issue ‘Hot and cold ethnicities in post-Soviet space’. The aim of the summary is to pinpoint the major features that have an impact on the ethnic temperatures in the social settings studied. This paper argues that ethnic, national, civic and imperial groups are representatives of the same type (territorial groups) and the collective identity formation which …
Blurring of collective identities in the post-Soviet space
The paper focuses on collective identity formation in the post-Soviet space, applying the Sign Theory of Identity, which claims that collective identity is a type of Social Sign, which structure the social world and legitimise the distribution of power and resources. The paper specifies the functional and structural differences between ethnic, ethnic national, civic national, imperial and linguistic identities; outlines the conditions for identit…
Language and identity in the late Soviet Union and thereafter
The introduction to the special issue takes a brief look at the history of ethnolinguistic policies in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and post-Soviet space. It also covers relevant key terms for understanding linguistic processes taking place after the collapse of USSR. At the end it introduces the case studies included in this special issue
Subjective vitality and patterns of acculturation
The article presents a comparative analysis of the subjective vitalities (SVs) of the minority groups of Latvia (Russian-speakers), Lithuania (Russian-speakers and Poles) and Mari El (Maris) in the Russian Federation, with a particular focus on the Mari case. The same extended version of the SV questionnaire was used in quantitative surveys in all four cases. The analysis revealed that Russians in Latvia and Maris have relatively high SVs, while …
Linguistics (20 obras) · Psychology (19 obras) · Sociology (19 obras) · Political science (14 obras) · Social Psychology (13 obras) · Social Psychology (13 obras) · Anthropology (11 obras) · Ethnic group (11 obras) · Philosophy (11 obras) · Cultural Differences and Values (10 obras)