Gordon F Mulligan
Biographic Data
| ID | 1473869 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gordon F Mulligan |
| GIVEN NAMES | Gordon F |
| FAMILY NAME | Mulligan |
| SIGNATURE | MULLIGAN G F |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Arizona |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0485-0144 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 37 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 165 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 37 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1981 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Location-Specific Adjustments in Population and Employment across Metropolitan America
This paper examines the joint adjustment of population and employment numbers across America’s metropolitan areas during the period 1990–2015. Current levels of both are estimated, for 10 year periods, using their lagged (own and cross) levels and eight other lagged variables. Population is affected by both human and natural amenities and employment by wages, patents, and other attributes of the workforce. This paper questions the conventional in…
Metropolitan Innovation in the New Economy
This paper analyzes the high-tech economies of 350-plus metropolitan areas across the U.S. during 2010. Attention is given to 20 different production attributes—including the age and education of the workforce, patent production, business startups, per capita productivity of the workers, and the like. Multivariate analysis is used to reduce these 20 attributes down to 10 orthogonal dimensions; then the scores on these dimensions are used to ident…
The Current Health of Metropolitan Labour Markets in the United States
Much recent research on US labour markets has turned to tracing out the dramatic changes that accompanied and followed the events of the Great Recession (2007–2009). But to date this research has led to more temporal as opposed to spatial detail about those changes. This paper uses an online data set to assess the relative economic health (performance) of the US's more than 350 metropolitan labour markets during and after the Great Recession. The…
A typology of metropolitan labor markets in the US
Revisiting the urbanization curve
Reprint of: Revisiting the urbanization curve
The plane of living and the precrisis evolution of housing values in the USA
This article explores the relationship between quality-of-life differentials and housing values in the decades leading up to the recent financial crisis in the USA. The analysis combines older spatial demographic methods (systematic mapping) with newer spatial econometric methods (autoregressive modeling) to deliver a panoramic view of the contemporary plane of living and an evaluation of its influence on housing values through time and across sp…
Quality of Life and the Migration of the College‐Educated: A Life‐Course Approach
This paper examines how the college‐educated population—segmented into selective demographic groups, from young adults to the elderly—differentially values quality‐of‐life (QOL) indicators of metropolitan areas in the United States. Using data from the 2000 Census and the 1997 Places Rated Almanac , out‐migration patterns are shown to depend jointly upon stage in the life course, the spatial‐demographic setting, and QOL characteristics. An abunda…
A locational analysis of growth and change in American metropolitan areas
A locational analysis of growth and change in American metropolitan areas
Using Geographically Weighted Regression to Explore Local Crime Patterns
The present research examines a structural model of violent crime in Portland, Oregon, exploring spatial patterns of both crime and its covariates. Using standard structural measures drawn from an opportunity framework, the study provides results from a global ordinary least squares model, assumed to fit for all locations within the study area. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) is then introduced as an alternative to such traditional appro…
Population growth in the world’s largest cities
Path breaking books in regional science
The Determinants of Crime in Tucson, Arizona 1
This paper examines the geography of violent crime across the neighborhoods of Tucson and South Tucson, Arizona. The research is informed by the tenets of modern social disorganization theory, which has a strong ecological or environmental basis. Three different crime indices are computed; each represents an annual average during the five-year period 1995-1999. The most comprehensive index captures aggravated assaults, homicides, robberies, and s…
Economic structure and socioeconomic change in America’s micropolitan areas, 1970–1997
Micropolitan areas, county-level geographic units with central cities larger than 15,000, represent a small but increasingly important part of the U.S. urban hierarchy. Despite the attraction of micropolitan areas to migrants, and increasing interest from federal policymakers who may soon officially recognize this geographic unit, little appears in the social science literature on the characteristics of these areas, and how they have evolved over…
Housing Prices in Tucson, Arizona
The hedonic approach is used to analyze selling prices for housing units in greater Tucson, Arizona, during 1998. Using over 6,400 Multiple Listing Service transactions, ordinary least-squares regression is used to estimate implicit prices for the amount of living space, age of the unit, and other housing attributes in this rapidly growing southwestern city. Price premiums are estimated for nine different real estate districts, which realtors bel…
Initial Diagnostics of a Regional Adjustment Model
Adjustment models are used increasingly to analyze population and employment changes in regional economies. However, questions remain about the most appropriate geographic scales and time lags for these models. In this paper we estimate a well-known adjustment model for a recent 25-year period in the USA. Regional population and employment changes (levels and densities) are examined at three scales (states, Bureau of Economic Analysis regions, co…
Population and Employment Interactions in the Growth of United States Micropolitan Centers
This paper examines population and employment growth in 219 emerging metropolitan (micropolitan) areas in the United States during the 1980s. In the spirit of Carlino and Mills (1987) and Clark and Murphy (1996), a partial adjustment model is used to examine the simultaneity of population and employment change, while controlling for the area-specific effects of amenities, fiscal conditions, and demographic composition, as well as for broad region…
Functional Form and Spatial Interaction Models
This paper is an examination of functional form and functional misspecification in regression-based spatial interaction models. Box-Cox transformations are used to model US state-to-state labor migration. Attention is given to the production-constrained gravity model, the competing and intervening destinations (CID) model, and an extension of the CID model which uses dummy variables and an iterative transformation procedure. Statistical evidence …
Fractal cities: A geometry of form and function
Measuring spatial focusing in a migration system
Equality indexes used in other geographical contexts may be used to gauge the degree of spatial focusing in an entire migration system or within the gross in- and out-migration fields of specific regions. They provide useful indicators of overall shifts in the patterns of interregional migration and can help give insight into the population redistributive roles played by specific regions. Perhaps the most common equality index used to measure inc…
Disaggregate Economic Base Multipliers in Small Communities
Economic base analysis is frequently used to describe employment profiles and to predict project-related impacts in small communities. Considerable evidence suggests, however, that economic base multipliers should be estimated from survey data and not from shortcut methods. In this paper two competing versions of the economic base model are developed and then these two models are estimated by use of the Arizona community data set. In both cases, …
Myopic spatial competition: Boundary effects and network solutions
Myopic Spatial Competition: Boundary Effects and Network Solutions
Labor Migration Amongst Hierarchically Competing and Intervening Origins and Destinations
A spatial interaction methodology is developed for modeling flows in a hierarchical system. A competing and intervening destinations framework is employed to model and predict US state-to-state labor migration. This analysis is used to assess the importance of geographic variables in explaining variations in regional labor flows. Empirical findings suggest that US labor migration is largely explained by Newtonian and systemic forces-size, distanc…
Using Geographically Weighted Regression to Explore Local Crime Patterns
The present research examines a structural model of violent crime in Portland, Oregon, exploring spatial patterns of both crime and its covariates. Using standard structural measures drawn from an opportunity framework, the study provides results from a global ordinary least squares model, assumed to fit for all locations within the study area. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) is then introduced as an alternative to such traditional appro…
The Determinants of Crime in Tucson, Arizona 1
This paper examines the geography of violent crime across the neighborhoods of Tucson and South Tucson, Arizona. The research is informed by the tenets of modern social disorganization theory, which has a strong ecological or environmental basis. Three different crime indices are computed; each represents an annual average during the five-year period 1995-1999. The most comprehensive index captures aggravated assaults, homicides, robberies, and s…
Spatial Flows and Competing Central Places: Towards a General Theory of Hierarchical Interaction
This paper presents a variation of Fotheringham's competing destinations model using categorized information on spatial flows in a central place system. A competing central place model is developed using spatially defined choice sets for origin - destination pairs by threshold distance and central place order. The competing central place generalization is empirically tested by undertaking a comparative analysis of 1980 domestic airline passenger …
Measuring spatial focusing in a migration system
Equality indexes used in other geographical contexts may be used to gauge the degree of spatial focusing in an entire migration system or within the gross in- and out-migration fields of specific regions. They provide useful indicators of overall shifts in the patterns of interregional migration and can help give insight into the population redistributive roles played by specific regions. Perhaps the most common equality index used to measure inc…
Population growth in the world’s largest cities
Labor Migration Amongst Hierarchically Competing and Intervening Origins and Destinations
A spatial interaction methodology is developed for modeling flows in a hierarchical system. A competing and intervening destinations framework is employed to model and predict US state-to-state labor migration. This analysis is used to assess the importance of geographic variables in explaining variations in regional labor flows. Empirical findings suggest that US labor migration is largely explained by Newtonian and systemic forces-size, distanc…
The plane of living and the precrisis evolution of housing values in the USA
This article explores the relationship between quality-of-life differentials and housing values in the decades leading up to the recent financial crisis in the USA. The analysis combines older spatial demographic methods (systematic mapping) with newer spatial econometric methods (autoregressive modeling) to deliver a panoramic view of the contemporary plane of living and an evaluation of its influence on housing values through time and across sp…
Population and Employment Interactions in the Growth of United States Micropolitan Centers
This paper examines population and employment growth in 219 emerging metropolitan (micropolitan) areas in the United States during the 1980s. In the spirit of Carlino and Mills (1987) and Clark and Murphy (1996), a partial adjustment model is used to examine the simultaneity of population and employment change, while controlling for the area-specific effects of amenities, fiscal conditions, and demographic composition, as well as for broad region…
Disaggregate Economic Base Multipliers in Small Communities
Economic base analysis is frequently used to describe employment profiles and to predict project-related impacts in small communities. Considerable evidence suggests, however, that economic base multipliers should be estimated from survey data and not from shortcut methods. In this paper two competing versions of the economic base model are developed and then these two models are estimated by use of the Arizona community data set. In both cases, …
Revisiting the urbanization curve
Initial Diagnostics of a Regional Adjustment Model
Adjustment models are used increasingly to analyze population and employment changes in regional economies. However, questions remain about the most appropriate geographic scales and time lags for these models. In this paper we estimate a well-known adjustment model for a recent 25-year period in the USA. Regional population and employment changes (levels and densities) are examined at three scales (states, Bureau of Economic Analysis regions, co…
Reprint of: Revisiting the urbanization curve
A locational analysis of growth and change in American metropolitan areas
Economic structure and socioeconomic change in America’s micropolitan areas, 1970–1997
Micropolitan areas, county-level geographic units with central cities larger than 15,000, represent a small but increasingly important part of the U.S. urban hierarchy. Despite the attraction of micropolitan areas to migrants, and increasing interest from federal policymakers who may soon officially recognize this geographic unit, little appears in the social science literature on the characteristics of these areas, and how they have evolved over…
Equality measures and facility location
Production functions, export base multipliers and urbanization ratios in city systems
Path breaking books in regional science
Sectoral-Level Employment Multipliers in Small Urban Settlements: A Comparison of Five Models
The Arizona Community Data Set is used to analyze intersectoral employment relationships in relatively small urban settlements. Estimates of sectoral-level nonbasic employment and economic base (impact) multipliers are given for various functional types of economies. Furthermore, these multiplier effects are disaggregated into sectoral components to establish how locally oriented employment variously responds to a shift in the economic base. All …
Asymmetrical Price Conjectural Variation in Spatial Competition Models
This paper examines the comparative statics of firms' equilibrium prices (generated by price reaction functions) in spatially competitive oligopolies. Implications for firms' pricing behaviors—generated by asymmetrical price conjectural variations—are discussed for one-dimensional markets. The analytical properties of equilibrium prices are first established for the case of inelastic consumer demand. Then the results of a price sensitivity analys…
Central Place Populations: Some Implications of Consumer Shopping Behavior
This paper examines the relationships that exist between consumer shopping behavior and the population sizes of central places. The discussion begins by establishing the production characteristics for bundles in a Christaller-type system. Then a multipurpose shopping model of the neoclassical variety is developed. This allows specification of trips generated and quantities demanded at any location in the system. Consumer demand for bundles is nex…
Regression Estimates of Economic Base Multipliers for Small Communities
Applied researchers are increasingly realizing that small-area impact models should be calibrated by survey-based data. This paper uses a comprehensive, cross-sectional data set to calibrate the ec
Lösch's Single-Good Equilibrium
Following Lösch's original arguments, much attention has been given to clarifying the properties of spatial equilibrium for a single good (industry). Many contemporary analysts have, however, misrepresented the adjustment process that is compatible with the Löschian equilibrium. The limited solutions advanced for various equilibrium market area characteristics have been iterative in form and often incorrect in content. This paper clarifies variou…
Functional Form and Spatial Interaction Models
This paper is an examination of functional form and functional misspecification in regression-based spatial interaction models. Box-Cox transformations are used to model US state-to-state labor migration. Attention is given to the production-constrained gravity model, the competing and intervening destinations (CID) model, and an extension of the CID model which uses dummy variables and an iterative transformation procedure. Statistical evidence …
Housing Prices in Tucson, Arizona
The hedonic approach is used to analyze selling prices for housing units in greater Tucson, Arizona, during 1998. Using over 6,400 Multiple Listing Service transactions, ordinary least-squares regression is used to estimate implicit prices for the amount of living space, age of the unit, and other housing attributes in this rapidly growing southwestern city. Price premiums are estimated for nine different real estate districts, which realtors bel…
Myopic spatial competition: Boundary effects and network solutions
Production functions, export base multipliers and urbanization ratios in city systems
Production Functions, Export Base Multipliers and Urbanization Ratios in City Systems
Lösch's Single-Good Equilibrium
Following Lösch's original arguments, much attention has been given to clarifying the properties of spatial equilibrium for a single good (industry). Many contemporary analysts have, however, misrepresented the adjustment process that is compatible with the Löschian equilibrium. The limited solutions advanced for various equilibrium market area characteristics have been iterative in form and often incorrect in content. This paper clarifies variou…
A Note on Hierarchical Income Flows
The Beckmann and McPherson model formulates city sizes according to Christaller's hierarchical principles. The following paper investigates the income flows and balance of payments equilibria which are characteristic of this model. It is demonstrated that the flow patterns in a Christaller-type city system are at variance with those in a Tinbergen-type city system
Central Place Populations: Some Implications of Consumer Shopping Behavior
This paper examines the relationships that exist between consumer shopping behavior and the population sizes of central places. The discussion begins by establishing the production characteristics for bundles in a Christaller-type system. Then a multipurpose shopping model of the neoclassical variety is developed. This allows specification of trips generated and quantities demanded at any location in the system. Consumer demand for bundles is nex…
Regression Estimates of Economic Base Multipliers for Small Communities
Applied researchers are increasingly realizing that small-area impact models should be calibrated by survey-based data. This paper uses a comprehensive, cross-sectional data set to calibrate the ec
Growth in the American South
Asymmetrical Price Conjectural Variation in Spatial Competition Models
This paper examines the comparative statics of firms' equilibrium prices (generated by price reaction functions) in spatially competitive oligopolies. Implications for firms' pricing behaviors—generated by asymmetrical price conjectural variations—are discussed for one-dimensional markets. The analytical properties of equilibrium prices are first established for the case of inelastic consumer demand. Then the results of a price sensitivity analys…
Spatial Flows and Competing Central Places: Towards a General Theory of Hierarchical Interaction
This paper presents a variation of Fotheringham's competing destinations model using categorized information on spatial flows in a central place system. A competing central place model is developed using spatially defined choice sets for origin - destination pairs by threshold distance and central place order. The competing central place generalization is empirically tested by undertaking a comparative analysis of 1980 domestic airline passenger …
Equality Measures and Facility Location
Equality measures and facility location
Sectoral-Level Employment Multipliers in Small Urban Settlements: A Comparison of Five Models
The Arizona Community Data Set is used to analyze intersectoral employment relationships in relatively small urban settlements. Estimates of sectoral-level nonbasic employment and economic base (impact) multipliers are given for various functional types of economies. Furthermore, these multiplier effects are disaggregated into sectoral components to establish how locally oriented employment variously responds to a shift in the economic base. All …
Labor Migration Amongst Hierarchically Competing and Intervening Origins and Destinations
A spatial interaction methodology is developed for modeling flows in a hierarchical system. A competing and intervening destinations framework is employed to model and predict US state-to-state labor migration. This analysis is used to assess the importance of geographic variables in explaining variations in regional labor flows. Empirical findings suggest that US labor migration is largely explained by Newtonian and systemic forces-size, distanc…
Myopic spatial competition: Boundary effects and network solutions
Myopic Spatial Competition: Boundary Effects and Network Solutions
Fractal cities: A geometry of form and function
Measuring spatial focusing in a migration system
Equality indexes used in other geographical contexts may be used to gauge the degree of spatial focusing in an entire migration system or within the gross in- and out-migration fields of specific regions. They provide useful indicators of overall shifts in the patterns of interregional migration and can help give insight into the population redistributive roles played by specific regions. Perhaps the most common equality index used to measure inc…
Disaggregate Economic Base Multipliers in Small Communities
Economic base analysis is frequently used to describe employment profiles and to predict project-related impacts in small communities. Considerable evidence suggests, however, that economic base multipliers should be estimated from survey data and not from shortcut methods. In this paper two competing versions of the economic base model are developed and then these two models are estimated by use of the Arizona community data set. In both cases, …
Population and Employment Interactions in the Growth of United States Micropolitan Centers
This paper examines population and employment growth in 219 emerging metropolitan (micropolitan) areas in the United States during the 1980s. In the spirit of Carlino and Mills (1987) and Clark and Murphy (1996), a partial adjustment model is used to examine the simultaneity of population and employment change, while controlling for the area-specific effects of amenities, fiscal conditions, and demographic composition, as well as for broad region…
Functional Form and Spatial Interaction Models
This paper is an examination of functional form and functional misspecification in regression-based spatial interaction models. Box-Cox transformations are used to model US state-to-state labor migration. Attention is given to the production-constrained gravity model, the competing and intervening destinations (CID) model, and an extension of the CID model which uses dummy variables and an iterative transformation procedure. Statistical evidence …
Initial Diagnostics of a Regional Adjustment Model
Adjustment models are used increasingly to analyze population and employment changes in regional economies. However, questions remain about the most appropriate geographic scales and time lags for these models. In this paper we estimate a well-known adjustment model for a recent 25-year period in the USA. Regional population and employment changes (levels and densities) are examined at three scales (states, Bureau of Economic Analysis regions, co…
Economic structure and socioeconomic change in America’s micropolitan areas, 1970–1997
Micropolitan areas, county-level geographic units with central cities larger than 15,000, represent a small but increasingly important part of the U.S. urban hierarchy. Despite the attraction of micropolitan areas to migrants, and increasing interest from federal policymakers who may soon officially recognize this geographic unit, little appears in the social science literature on the characteristics of these areas, and how they have evolved over…
Housing Prices in Tucson, Arizona
The hedonic approach is used to analyze selling prices for housing units in greater Tucson, Arizona, during 1998. Using over 6,400 Multiple Listing Service transactions, ordinary least-squares regression is used to estimate implicit prices for the amount of living space, age of the unit, and other housing attributes in this rapidly growing southwestern city. Price premiums are estimated for nine different real estate districts, which realtors bel…
Path breaking books in regional science
The Determinants of Crime in Tucson, Arizona 1
This paper examines the geography of violent crime across the neighborhoods of Tucson and South Tucson, Arizona. The research is informed by the tenets of modern social disorganization theory, which has a strong ecological or environmental basis. Three different crime indices are computed; each represents an annual average during the five-year period 1995-1999. The most comprehensive index captures aggravated assaults, homicides, robberies, and s…
Geography (24 works) · Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis (23 works) · Economics (22 works) · Mathematics (16 works) · Economic geography (14 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Computer Science (13 works) · Demography (13 works) · Econometrics (13 works) · Population (12 works)