Thomas M Whitmore
Biographic Data
| ID | 150860 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Thomas M Whitmore |
| GIVEN NAMES | Thomas M |
| FAMILY NAME | Whitmore |
| SIGNATURE | WHITMORE T M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 103 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 24 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1991 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Agriculture and Inequality in the Colonial Andes
Many Died, But Many Lived
2006). Many Died, But Many Lived: Mann's Revelations About an American Tragedy. Geographical Review: Vol. 96, No. 3, pp. 502-505
Terrace Cultivation
Much of Middle America is marked by rugged terrain, and at contact, especia11y in Mesoamerica, the mountain and basin-va11ey lands teemed with occupance. Indeed, the Nahuatl (central Mexico) word for hill, tepetl, is the same as that used for community (Donkin 1979: 26). Throughout the high lands, river vaUeys tended to be narrow and interior drained basins suffered from poorly drained and frost-prone conditions due to cold air drainage.
Tables
Subject Applied Ecology (Environmental Science) Physical Anthropology Physical Geography and Topography Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Wetland Cultivation
Of all the forms of Amerindian cultivation, none were more elaborate, productive, or foreign to the Spaniards than those found in the wetlands terrain permanently or seasonally inundated by surface or near-surface water.1 Middle America, particularly the mainland, possesses a wide range of wetlands and by the fifteenth century Amerindians had developed a long and elaborate history of use of many of them, as did their brethren from the upper Missi…
The Context of Cultivation
The cultivation practices of pre-Hispanic Middle America, like those for any other time and place, were etched into nature. Yet, these were not simple reflections of the opportunities and constraints afforded by the natural land scape (Chapter 1 ). They emerged from the complex interactions among nature, the material culture, social organization, as well as etchings from the previous cultivation. A thorough unfolding of this complexity lies beyon…
Rainfed Cultivation
Rainfed cultivation is the most pervasive in areal expanse and the source of most production in the majority of the regions of the world, now and in the past. Pre-Hispanic Middle America was no exception (Palerm 1955, 1962; Price 1971; Sanders, Parsons, and Santley 1979). Despite recognition of their importance, rainfed systems fail to draw the amount of scholarly attention paid to irrigation and wetland cultivation in studies of the pre-Hispanic…
Figures
Subject Applied Ecology (Environmental Science) Physical Anthropology Physical Geography and Topography Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Arboriculture and Horticulture
An estimated one-third of the cultivated species in Mesoamerica at the time of conquest were trees, a claim that is probably applicable to all of Middle America (PaJerm 1967: 42). The importance of arboricultural and horticultural species throughout Midd]e America is witnessed by the large number of vegetables (e.g., chilies, tomatoes) and arboreal and non-arboreal fruit, condiment, fiber, and ornamental species domesticated and grown. This impor…
Inventing Histories? Themes and Implications
History or the telling of it, as some would caution, is a reinvention of the past by those who hold the power to do so. The history of land use and cultivation in the New World is no exception. This work documents cultivation in Middle America on the eve of European conquest. It does so by an examination of sixteenth-century testimony, relic landscapes, ethno history, analogs in the contemporary landscapes, and common sense, each of which carries…
Floodwater and Irrigated Cultivation
On first inspection, the role of irrigated cultivation in pre-Hispanic Middle America appears under-whelming. No known irrigation network in this realm matches the spatial scale of those in the American Southwest (Doolittle J 984), Jet alone those supporting the ‘hydraulic’ civilizations of Eurasia (Wittfogel 1957). Nor did Middle Americans undertake long distance transport of water comparable to the canals constructed by their brethren in the An…
Editors Preface
Subject Applied Ecology (Environmental Science) Physical Anthropology Physical Geography and Topography Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Title Pages
Maps
Subject Applied Ecology (Environmental Science) Physical Anthropology Physical Geography and Topography Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
On the Eve of the Conquest
Christopher Columbus stepped ashore in the Americas about noon on 12 October 1492, probably on an outer cay of the Bahamas which he under stand ably christened San Salvador.1 Departing that cay, he took a south westerly course in search of the Orient but found the northern coasts of Cuba and Espanola (Hispaniola) instead. While the Navigator and his expedition were not the first Europeans to reach the Western Hemisphere and return to ‘civilizatio…
Cultivated Landscapes of Middle America on the Eve of Conquest
The human-environment conditions in the Americas on the eve of the sixteenth-century European conquest have of late attracted growing interest in both academic and public circles. Focusing on Middle America, this book completes a trilogy which has made the most comprehensive survey ever achieved of pre-Colombian agriculture and culture throughout the continents. It addresses the question of what lands were permanently occupied; how they were used…
The Basin of Mexico
The book examines some of these questions in a historic perspective, arguing that the depletion of natural resources in the Basin of Mexico is not just a recent phenomenon."--BOOK JACKET
Famine Vulnerability in the Contact-Era Basin of Mexico
This study simulates vulnerability to famine and food poverty among peasant households in the Basin of Mexico two decades after the Conquest. Using demographic and cadastral data recorded in theCódice de Santa María Asunción(Tepetlaoztoc), vulnerability is assessed by comparing household and patio-group (household compound) food production to consumption needs at the same scales, Modeling of food production of the principal subsistence crops (mai…
Population Geography of Calamity
This historical demography for Yucatan [Mexico] at the time of Spanish contact presents a number of problems. There were multiple Maya-Spaniard contacts before the Spaniards established a continuous presence after the protracted conquest of the Yucatan. The area of Yucatan that was controlled by the Spanish at any one time is not precisely known, and Yucatan offered ¿refuge' areas where the indigenous population could avoid Spanish control and co…
The Historical Geography of New Spain
Secret Judgments of God
Disease and Death in Early Colonial Mexico
Holocaust or not - the debate on Amerindian depopulation in the 16th century simulation method and justification historical and simulation comparisons interpretations major findings and their signficance
Landscapes of Cultivation in Mesoamerica on the Eve of the Conquest
Pre-Columbian Amerindian agriculturalists developed technologies and management practices with which to crop a wide range of ecological conditions, giving rise to a multiplicity of cultivated landscapes. This variety was particularly evident in Mesoamerica, where agricultural practices ranged from swiddening to multicropped, hydraulically transformed wetlands. Here we explore these indigenous cultivated landscapes as they existed about the time o…
A Simulation of the Sixteenth-Century Population Collapse in the Basin of Mexico
Within 100 years after the Spanish conquest, the Amerindian population of the New World was reduced to a small fraction of its former size. While the fact of this depopulation is not seriously disputed, virtually everything else about it is (e.g., the size of the pre-Colombian population, the scale of its decline, and the relative importance of various causes). These questions are examined using a system dynamics computer simulation methodology a…
Cultivated Landscapes of Middle America on the Eve of Conquest
The human-environment conditions in the Americas on the eve of the sixteenth-century European conquest have of late attracted growing interest in both academic and public circles. Focusing on Middle America, this book completes a trilogy which has made the most comprehensive survey ever achieved of pre-Colombian agriculture and culture throughout the continents. It addresses the question of what lands were permanently occupied; how they were used…
Landscapes of Cultivation in Mesoamerica on the Eve of the Conquest
Pre-Columbian Amerindian agriculturalists developed technologies and management practices with which to crop a wide range of ecological conditions, giving rise to a multiplicity of cultivated landscapes. This variety was particularly evident in Mesoamerica, where agricultural practices ranged from swiddening to multicropped, hydraulically transformed wetlands. Here we explore these indigenous cultivated landscapes as they existed about the time o…
The Basin of Mexico
The book examines some of these questions in a historic perspective, arguing that the depletion of natural resources in the Basin of Mexico is not just a recent phenomenon."--BOOK JACKET
A Simulation of the Sixteenth-Century Population Collapse in the Basin of Mexico
Within 100 years after the Spanish conquest, the Amerindian population of the New World was reduced to a small fraction of its former size. While the fact of this depopulation is not seriously disputed, virtually everything else about it is (e.g., the size of the pre-Colombian population, the scale of its decline, and the relative importance of various causes). These questions are examined using a system dynamics computer simulation methodology a…
Agriculture and Inequality in the Colonial Andes
Famine Vulnerability in the Contact-Era Basin of Mexico
This study simulates vulnerability to famine and food poverty among peasant households in the Basin of Mexico two decades after the Conquest. Using demographic and cadastral data recorded in theCódice de Santa María Asunción(Tepetlaoztoc), vulnerability is assessed by comparing household and patio-group (household compound) food production to consumption needs at the same scales, Modeling of food production of the principal subsistence crops (mai…
A Simulation of the Sixteenth-Century Population Collapse in the Basin of Mexico
Within 100 years after the Spanish conquest, the Amerindian population of the New World was reduced to a small fraction of its former size. While the fact of this depopulation is not seriously disputed, virtually everything else about it is (e.g., the size of the pre-Colombian population, the scale of its decline, and the relative importance of various causes). These questions are examined using a system dynamics computer simulation methodology a…
Landscapes of Cultivation in Mesoamerica on the Eve of the Conquest
Pre-Columbian Amerindian agriculturalists developed technologies and management practices with which to crop a wide range of ecological conditions, giving rise to a multiplicity of cultivated landscapes. This variety was particularly evident in Mesoamerica, where agricultural practices ranged from swiddening to multicropped, hydraulically transformed wetlands. Here we explore these indigenous cultivated landscapes as they existed about the time o…
Disease and Death in Early Colonial Mexico
Holocaust or not - the debate on Amerindian depopulation in the 16th century simulation method and justification historical and simulation comparisons interpretations major findings and their signficance
Secret Judgments of God
The Historical Geography of New Spain
Population Geography of Calamity
This historical demography for Yucatan [Mexico] at the time of Spanish contact presents a number of problems. There were multiple Maya-Spaniard contacts before the Spaniards established a continuous presence after the protracted conquest of the Yucatan. The area of Yucatan that was controlled by the Spanish at any one time is not precisely known, and Yucatan offered ¿refuge' areas where the indigenous population could avoid Spanish control and co…
Famine Vulnerability in the Contact-Era Basin of Mexico
This study simulates vulnerability to famine and food poverty among peasant households in the Basin of Mexico two decades after the Conquest. Using demographic and cadastral data recorded in theCódice de Santa María Asunción(Tepetlaoztoc), vulnerability is assessed by comparing household and patio-group (household compound) food production to consumption needs at the same scales, Modeling of food production of the principal subsistence crops (mai…
The Basin of Mexico
The book examines some of these questions in a historic perspective, arguing that the depletion of natural resources in the Basin of Mexico is not just a recent phenomenon."--BOOK JACKET
Terrace Cultivation
Much of Middle America is marked by rugged terrain, and at contact, especia11y in Mesoamerica, the mountain and basin-va11ey lands teemed with occupance. Indeed, the Nahuatl (central Mexico) word for hill, tepetl, is the same as that used for community (Donkin 1979: 26). Throughout the high lands, river vaUeys tended to be narrow and interior drained basins suffered from poorly drained and frost-prone conditions due to cold air drainage.
Tables
Subject Applied Ecology (Environmental Science) Physical Anthropology Physical Geography and Topography Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Wetland Cultivation
Of all the forms of Amerindian cultivation, none were more elaborate, productive, or foreign to the Spaniards than those found in the wetlands terrain permanently or seasonally inundated by surface or near-surface water.1 Middle America, particularly the mainland, possesses a wide range of wetlands and by the fifteenth century Amerindians had developed a long and elaborate history of use of many of them, as did their brethren from the upper Missi…
The Context of Cultivation
The cultivation practices of pre-Hispanic Middle America, like those for any other time and place, were etched into nature. Yet, these were not simple reflections of the opportunities and constraints afforded by the natural land scape (Chapter 1 ). They emerged from the complex interactions among nature, the material culture, social organization, as well as etchings from the previous cultivation. A thorough unfolding of this complexity lies beyon…
Rainfed Cultivation
Rainfed cultivation is the most pervasive in areal expanse and the source of most production in the majority of the regions of the world, now and in the past. Pre-Hispanic Middle America was no exception (Palerm 1955, 1962; Price 1971; Sanders, Parsons, and Santley 1979). Despite recognition of their importance, rainfed systems fail to draw the amount of scholarly attention paid to irrigation and wetland cultivation in studies of the pre-Hispanic…
Figures
Subject Applied Ecology (Environmental Science) Physical Anthropology Physical Geography and Topography Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Arboriculture and Horticulture
An estimated one-third of the cultivated species in Mesoamerica at the time of conquest were trees, a claim that is probably applicable to all of Middle America (PaJerm 1967: 42). The importance of arboricultural and horticultural species throughout Midd]e America is witnessed by the large number of vegetables (e.g., chilies, tomatoes) and arboreal and non-arboreal fruit, condiment, fiber, and ornamental species domesticated and grown. This impor…
Inventing Histories? Themes and Implications
History or the telling of it, as some would caution, is a reinvention of the past by those who hold the power to do so. The history of land use and cultivation in the New World is no exception. This work documents cultivation in Middle America on the eve of European conquest. It does so by an examination of sixteenth-century testimony, relic landscapes, ethno history, analogs in the contemporary landscapes, and common sense, each of which carries…
Floodwater and Irrigated Cultivation
On first inspection, the role of irrigated cultivation in pre-Hispanic Middle America appears under-whelming. No known irrigation network in this realm matches the spatial scale of those in the American Southwest (Doolittle J 984), Jet alone those supporting the ‘hydraulic’ civilizations of Eurasia (Wittfogel 1957). Nor did Middle Americans undertake long distance transport of water comparable to the canals constructed by their brethren in the An…
Editors Preface
Subject Applied Ecology (Environmental Science) Physical Anthropology Physical Geography and Topography Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Title Pages
Maps
Subject Applied Ecology (Environmental Science) Physical Anthropology Physical Geography and Topography Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
On the Eve of the Conquest
Christopher Columbus stepped ashore in the Americas about noon on 12 October 1492, probably on an outer cay of the Bahamas which he under stand ably christened San Salvador.1 Departing that cay, he took a south westerly course in search of the Orient but found the northern coasts of Cuba and Espanola (Hispaniola) instead. While the Navigator and his expedition were not the first Europeans to reach the Western Hemisphere and return to ‘civilizatio…
Cultivated Landscapes of Middle America on the Eve of Conquest
The human-environment conditions in the Americas on the eve of the sixteenth-century European conquest have of late attracted growing interest in both academic and public circles. Focusing on Middle America, this book completes a trilogy which has made the most comprehensive survey ever achieved of pre-Colombian agriculture and culture throughout the continents. It addresses the question of what lands were permanently occupied; how they were used…
Many Died, But Many Lived
2006). Many Died, But Many Lived: Mann's Revelations About an American Tragedy. Geographical Review: Vol. 96, No. 3, pp. 502-505
Agriculture and Inequality in the Colonial Andes
Geography (20 works) · Archaeology (13 works) · History (12 works) · Sociology (12 works) · Ecology (10 works) · Biology (9 works) · Latin American history and culture (8 works) · Ancient history (6 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · Agriculture (5 works)