D W S Wong
Biographic Data
| ID | 1520153 |
|---|---|
| NAME | D W S Wong |
| GIVEN NAMES | D W S |
| FAMILY NAME | Wong |
| SIGNATURE | WONG D W S |
| AFFILIATIONS | George Mason University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0525-0071 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 51 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 438 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 51 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1990 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Scaling the Rank-Size Rule
Spatial variabilities in factors affecting electric vehicle adoption across Virginia
Zhuāngzǐ
Age-Dependent Differences in Frequent Mental Distress (FMD) of US Older Adults Living in Multigenerational Families versus Living Alone
Frequent mental distress (FMD) is prevalent among older Americans, but less is known about disparities in FMD of older adults living in multigenerational families versus living alone. We pooled cross-sectional data (unweighted, n = 126,144) from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) between 2016 and 2020 and compared FMD (≥14 poor mental health days in the past 30 days = 1; 0 otherwise) of older adults (≥65 years) living in multi…
Age‐race‐ethnicity segregation in the United States
A recent study shows that among the three age groups of youth, adult and older adult, youth‐older adult has the highest age segregation while youth‐adult has the lowest. Similar to many previous age segregation studies, racial‐ethnic differences, an important population axis in segregation studies, were not considered. Prior studies are also limited to using two‐group measures, failing to compare multiple groups together. We explore the complexit…
Empirical evidence supporting the inclusion of multi-axes segregation in assessing US county health
Changing Age Segregation in the US
Age segregation adversely impacts health and wellbeing. Prior studies, although limited, report increasing age segregation of the US. However, these studies are dated, do not comprehensively examine the spatiotemporal patterns and the correlates of intergenerational segregation, or suffer from methodological limitations. To address these gaps, we assess the spatiotemporal patterns of age segregation between 1990 and 2010 using census-tract data t…
Discovering income-economic segregation patterns
Measuring Local Spatial Autocorrelation with Data Reliability Information
Local spatial autocorrelation (SA) measures have been used in exploratory spatial data analysis, particularly in detecting spatial clusters. Existing local SA measures, however, are likely unreliable and biased because they compare only estimates among neighboring spatial units, ignoring errors associated with these estimates. The spatial Bhattacharyya coefficient (SBC) compares probability distributions by considering both estimates and their st…
Issues in the Current Practices of Spatial Cluster Detection and Exploring Alternative Methods
Local Moran and local G-statistic are commonly used to identify high-value (hot spot) and low-value (cold spot) spatial clusters for various purposes. However, these popular tools are based on the concept of spatial autocorrelation or association (SA), but do not explicitly consider if values are high or low enough to deserve attention. Resultant clusters may not include areas with extreme values that practitioners often want to identify when usi…
How “Dependent” Are We? A Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Young and the Older Adult Populations in the US
Spreading of Covid-19
Physical distancing has been argued as one of the effective means to combat the spread of COVID-19 before a vaccine or therapeutic drug becomes available. How far people can be spatially separated is partly behavioral but partly constrained by population density. Most models developed to predict the spread of COVID-19 in the U.S. do not include population density explicitly. This study shows that population density is an effective predictor of cu…
Exploring different dimensions in defining the Alabama Black Belt
No more “social distancing” but practice physical separation
Translational Health Disparities Research in a Data-Rich World
Background: Despite decades of research and interventions, significant health disparities persist. Seventeen years is the estimated time to translate scientific discoveries into public health action. This Narrative Review argues that the translation process could be accelerated if representative data were gathered and used in more innovative and efficient ways. Methods: The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities led a multiy…
Spatial Segregation Measures
Quantitative indices of segregation are powerful tools for summarising the spatial relationships between population groups and thereby providing the basis for analysis and public policy intervention. While the broad concept of segregation may be intuitive, measurement is challenging because of the complexity of varied dimensions and spatial arrangements. Many traditional measures can be criticised for over‐simplification or over‐reduction, not le…
Congressional districts
Exploratory multivariate space–time analysis of colonial justice in Hong Kong during 1900–1930
Translational Health Disparities Research in a Data-Rich World
The promise of big data extends from etiology research to the evaluation of large-scale interventions and offers the opportunity to accelerate translation of health disparities studies. This data-rich world for health disparities research, however, will require continual assessment for efficacy, ethical rigor, and potential algorithmic or system bias
Comparing implementations of global and local indicators of spatial association
Interpolation
The general concept of spatial interpolation is first discussed, particularly in the contexts of spatial sampling and the geographical nature of spatial data. Then two major interpolation approaches, deterministic and statistical/geostatistical, are differentiated. The inverse‐distance weighting (IDW) method is introduced as a specific method using a spatial averaged weighting scheme based upon the inverse of distance between the sampled location…
A heuristic multi-criteria classification approach incorporating data quality information for choropleth mapping
Despite conceptual and technology advancements in cartography over the decades, choropleth map design and classification fail to address a fundamental issue: estimates that are statistically indifferent may be assigned to different classes on maps or vice versa. Recently, the class separability concept was introduced as a map classification criterion to evaluate the likelihood that estimates in two classes are statistical different. Unfortunately…
Spatializing Area-Based Measures of Neighborhood Characteristics for Multilevel Regression Analyses
Geographical Dimension of Colonial Justice
This article reviews and reflects on the use of the geographic information system (GIS) as a tool, or geographic information science (GIScience) as a research methodology, and associated techniques of analysis in an empirical study-in-progress on the law and history of early twentieth century British Hong Kong. The article begins by introducing the study and its objectives, as well as the rationale for adopting GIS/GIScience as one of its researc…
How ethnically diverse can a “Chinese City” be? The case of Hong Kong
Racial-ethnic segregation in Chinese cities is not a commonly investigated topic, as race and ethnicity are usually not a significant issue in the relatively homogeneous city population. The situation in Hong Kong, as a Special Administrative Region under China, is somewhat unique, given its British colonial history, a political and economic system different from the rest of the country, and as a major international financial center. The city’s c…
The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in Multivariate Statistical Analysis
In this paper the examination of the modifiable areal unit problem is extended into multivariate statistical analysis. In an investigation of the parameter estimates from a multiple linear regression model and a multiple logit regression model, conclusions are drawn about the sensitivity of such estimates to variations in scale and zoning systems. The modifiable areal unit problem is shown to be essentially unpredictable in its intensity and effe…
Comparing Traditional and Spatial Segregation Measures
Measuring the level of segregation often encounters two methodological issues: measures are sensitive to changes in the geographical scale of the data and the effectiveness of the measure in reflecting spatial segregation. Several spatial measures have been suggested to measure spatial segregation, but whether they are more or less sensitive to changes in spatial scale has not been investigated, while some spatial measures are relatively scale-in…
Measuring Multiethnic Spatial Segregation
Several extensively used segregation measures have known limitations in differentiating various spatial configurations of population distribution. Recently, new segregation indices overcoming this deficiency were introduced, but are only applicable to unrealistic two-group situations. In this paper, I attempt to model multiethnic segregation on the basis of the notions that segregation refers to the spatial separation among ethnic groups and that…
Spatial Indices of Segregation
Segregation is commonly measured by means of an index of dissimilarity. A recent 'boundary modified' version of the index was formulated. It was based upon the concept that segregation is a separation created by spatial structure imposed upon the social space and thus interaction between racial groups is limited. The index takes into account one of the spatial etements—contiguity—but ignores the others. This paper argues that the length of the co…
Spatial Dependency of Segregation Indices
A few researchers have mentioned the scale sensitivity of segregation index, D. In this paper, I discuss analytically and empirically why using large enumeration areal units usually results in low segregation measures, and using small areal units produces relatively high segregation measures. The discussion is also applicable to the multi‐group variant of D. A major finding is that if people of the same ethnic groups are positively spatially auto…
Geostatistics as Measures of Spatial Segregation
Traditional measures of segregation, such as the index of dissimilarity, have been criticized as aspatial in nature. Spatial measures of segregation have been proposed, but they are difficult to use. Based on the idea that segregation implies a spatial separation of ethnic groups, the degree of spatial correlation among groups can reflect the level of segregation. This paper suggests that several geostatistical measures, especially the standard d…
Changing urban residential patterns of Chinese migrants
Recent studies have examined the intra-urban distributions of the so-called “floating population,” a particular category of Chinese migrants analyzed in immigration research. However, these studies rely on small surveys and fail to account for the dynamics of underlying local populations. Using census data while also taking into consideration the local population, this study provides a more comprehensive, detailed and accurate depiction of the sp…
A Local Multidimensional Approach to Evaluate Changes in Segregation
This paper demonstrates a local approach to assess changes in segregation at the neighborhood scale. Many studies on segregation change were conducted at a regional or city scale using a single measure. This approach is not sufficient to document the process of neighborhood change, and using one measure can reflect only a single dimension of multifaceted segregation. In this article, several local measures related to two segregation dimensions ar…
Spatial Measures of Segregation and Gis 1
Traditional segregation measures have limitations in discerning different patterns of population distributions. Spatial measures of segregation have been introduced, but have not been widely adopted partly because of the difficulties in using them. A recent effort is to implement several spatial segregation measures as additional GIS tools in a popular desktop GIS package so that researchers and practitioners not savvy in GIS can use these tools …
Introduction—Segregation and Neighborhood Change
Beginning with the work of University of Chicago sociologists in the 1920s, social scientists have been interested in explaining the uneven group distributions of individuals and households as well as the dynamics driving these distributions by using a human ecological approach (McKenzie, 1924; Park et al., 1925; Park, 1936). By the 1950s, this approach began to take a sharp turn toward formal quantitative analysis, a turn that marked the beginni…
Neighborhood racial residential segregation and changes in health or death among older adults
Exploring the Variability of Segregation Index D with Scale and Zonal Systems
In this paper, we propose a methodology to study the scale effect and zoning effect of the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). Instead of aggregating basic spatial units by the neighborhood criterion, we suggest placing a square lattice over the centroids representing the enumeration units in the study area. Areal units are aggregated if their centroids are in the same square. By changing the size of the square in the lattice, we can study the …
Evaluating the “geographical awareness” of individuals
A major theme in the geographical studies of social media content such as tweets from Twitter is to extract the locations of content providers (e.g., Twitter users) in order to track their movements or activity patterns. This framework also has been used to detect the dispersion of ideas over space and time. Another theme is to assess how the interaction of these providers may vary between the physical and virtual spaces. However, few geographica…
Incorporating Data Quality Information in Mapping American Community Survey Data
This paper proposes a set of methods to map the American Community Survey (ACS) data disseminated by the U.S. Census Bureau. The ACS replaces part of the original census (long form) in the 2010 decennial Census in the U.S. Reliability of estimates should be taken into account when analyzing and mapping ACS data because these estimates are derived from surveys with sample sizes much smaller than those in the decennial censuses. Most maps using ACS…
A heuristic multi-criteria classification approach incorporating data quality information for choropleth mapping
Despite conceptual and technology advancements in cartography over the decades, choropleth map design and classification fail to address a fundamental issue: estimates that are statistically indifferent may be assigned to different classes on maps or vice versa. Recently, the class separability concept was introduced as a map classification criterion to evaluate the likelihood that estimates in two classes are statistical different. Unfortunately…
Age‐race‐ethnicity segregation in the United States
A recent study shows that among the three age groups of youth, adult and older adult, youth‐older adult has the highest age segregation while youth‐adult has the lowest. Similar to many previous age segregation studies, racial‐ethnic differences, an important population axis in segregation studies, were not considered. Prior studies are also limited to using two‐group measures, failing to compare multiple groups together. We explore the complexit…
Introduction-Further Innovations in Segregation and Neighborhood Change Research
This special issue is the second in a two-part series emphasizing recent innovations in the measurement and modeling of segregation and neighborhood change. The segregation/neighborhood change literature has blossomed over the past century from empirical descriptions of the social ecology of Chicago neighborhoods to intermetropolitan comparisons of segregation dynamics over time. During the last two decades, scholars have also begun to incorporat…
No more “social distancing” but practice physical separation
Ethnic Integration and Spatial Segregation of the Chinese Population
Because of the overwhelming numerical dominance of the Han within the Chinese population and the highly localised distributions of most minority groups, it is difficult to assess the level of either segregation or ethnic integration in China in a systematic or meaningful manner. Previous studies have either been limited to mapping the locations of minority groups or have been based on provincial data, which for analytical purposes are too coarse …
Translational Health Disparities Research in a Data-Rich World
The promise of big data extends from etiology research to the evaluation of large-scale interventions and offers the opportunity to accelerate translation of health disparities studies. This data-rich world for health disparities research, however, will require continual assessment for efficacy, ethical rigor, and potential algorithmic or system bias
Spatializing Area-Based Measures of Neighborhood Characteristics for Multilevel Regression Analyses
Creating a Web-based Electronic Reserve Library for Teaching World Regional Geography
(1998). Creating a Web-based Electronic Reserve Library for Teaching World Regional Geography. Journal of Geography in Higher Education: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 257-262
Using Spatial Segregation Measures in Gis and Statistical Modeling Packages
It is generally known that many traditional measures of segregation cannot distinguish different spatial population patterns. Several spatial measures of segregation have been proposed to overcome this problem, but these spatial measures are difficult to use because they require explicit spatial information and complex computation. This paper shows that Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can provide the spatial information required by these ind…
Urban Systems as Examples of Bounded Chaos
D. W. S. Wong, A. S. Fotheringham, Urban Systems as Examples of Bounded Chaos: Exploring the Relationship between Fractal Dimension, Rank-Size, and Rural-to-Urban Migration, Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, Vol. 72, No. 2/3 (1990), pp. 89-99
Empirical evidence supporting the inclusion of multi-axes segregation in assessing US county health
Urban Systems as Examples of Bounded Chaos
Fractal structures appear to be closely related to systems whose growth to a large extent is the result of a series of unpredictable events. Examples of such structures include river networks, certain political boundaries, the growth of a city, and the development of urban systems. In this paper, we demonstrate how systems of cities have a fractal dimension and that this fractal dimension is related to a very commonly used index of urban systems,…
Urban Systems as Examples of Bounded Chaos
D. W. S. Wong, A. S. Fotheringham, Urban Systems as Examples of Bounded Chaos: Exploring the Relationship between Fractal Dimension, Rank-Size, and Rural-to-Urban Migration, Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, Vol. 72, No. 2/3 (1990), pp. 89-99
The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in Multivariate Statistical Analysis
In this paper the examination of the modifiable areal unit problem is extended into multivariate statistical analysis. In an investigation of the parameter estimates from a multiple linear regression model and a multiple logit regression model, conclusions are drawn about the sensitivity of such estimates to variations in scale and zoning systems. The modifiable areal unit problem is shown to be essentially unpredictable in its intensity and effe…
Spatial Indices of Segregation
Segregation is commonly measured by means of an index of dissimilarity. A recent 'boundary modified' version of the index was formulated. It was based upon the concept that segregation is a separation created by spatial structure imposed upon the social space and thus interaction between racial groups is limited. The index takes into account one of the spatial etements—contiguity—but ignores the others. This paper argues that the length of the co…
Spatial Dependency of Segregation Indices
A few researchers have mentioned the scale sensitivity of segregation index, D. In this paper, I discuss analytically and empirically why using large enumeration areal units usually results in low segregation measures, and using small areal units produces relatively high segregation measures. The discussion is also applicable to the multi‐group variant of D. A major finding is that if people of the same ethnic groups are positively spatially auto…
Creating a Web-based Electronic Reserve Library for Teaching World Regional Geography
(1998). Creating a Web-based Electronic Reserve Library for Teaching World Regional Geography. Journal of Geography in Higher Education: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 257-262
Using Spatial Segregation Measures in Gis and Statistical Modeling Packages
It is generally known that many traditional measures of segregation cannot distinguish different spatial population patterns. Several spatial measures of segregation have been proposed to overcome this problem, but these spatial measures are difficult to use because they require explicit spatial information and complex computation. This paper shows that Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can provide the spatial information required by these ind…
Measuring Multiethnic Spatial Segregation
Several extensively used segregation measures have known limitations in differentiating various spatial configurations of population distribution. Recently, new segregation indices overcoming this deficiency were introduced, but are only applicable to unrealistic two-group situations. In this paper, I attempt to model multiethnic segregation on the basis of the notions that segregation refers to the spatial separation among ethnic groups and that…
A geographical analysis of multiethnic households in the United States
Using the household-level data provided by the 5% PUMS [Public Use Microdata Sample] data from the 1990 Census, this paper reports the pattern of ethnic mixing at the household level in the U.S. and also describes the geographical patterns of different types of multiethnic households at both the state level and the PUMA [Public Use Microdata Area] level. Several of the largest metropolitan areas are also examined in greater detail. The strong dom…
A geographical analysis of multiethnic households in the United States
The multiethnic nature of US society is a well-documented and recognised phenomenon. However, how people of different ethnic groups have mixed together has not been clearly described, especially the geographical variations in different types of mixing. Using the household-level data provided by the 5% PUMS data from the 1990 Census, this paper reports the pattern of ethnic mixing at the household level in the US, and also describes the geographic…
Geostatistics as Measures of Spatial Segregation
Traditional measures of segregation, such as the index of dissimilarity, have been criticized as aspatial in nature. Spatial measures of segregation have been proposed, but they are difficult to use. Based on the idea that segregation implies a spatial separation of ethnic groups, the degree of spatial correlation among groups can reflect the level of segregation. This paper suggests that several geostatistical measures, especially the standard d…
Exploring the Variability of Segregation Index D with Scale and Zonal Systems
In this paper, we propose a methodology to study the scale effect and zoning effect of the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). Instead of aggregating basic spatial units by the neighborhood criterion, we suggest placing a square lattice over the centroids representing the enumeration units in the study area. Areal units are aggregated if their centroids are in the same square. By changing the size of the square in the lattice, we can study the …
The Atlanta Paradox . David L. Sjoquist, editor; Segregation in Cities . David H. Kaplan and Steven R. Holloway; Globalization and Networked Societies
Ethnic Integration and Spatial Segregation of the Chinese Population
Because of the overwhelming numerical dominance of the Han within the Chinese population and the highly localised distributions of most minority groups, it is difficult to assess the level of either segregation or ethnic integration in China in a systematic or meaningful manner. Previous studies have either been limited to mapping the locations of minority groups or have been based on provincial data, which for analytical purposes are too coarse …
Spatial Measures of Segregation and Gis 1
Traditional segregation measures have limitations in discerning different patterns of population distributions. Spatial measures of segregation have been introduced, but have not been widely adopted partly because of the difficulties in using them. A recent effort is to implement several spatial segregation measures as additional GIS tools in a popular desktop GIS package so that researchers and practitioners not savvy in GIS can use these tools …
Comparing Traditional and Spatial Segregation Measures
Measuring the level of segregation often encounters two methodological issues: measures are sensitive to changes in the geographical scale of the data and the effectiveness of the measure in reflecting spatial segregation. Several spatial measures have been suggested to measure spatial segregation, but whether they are more or less sensitive to changes in spatial scale has not been investigated, while some spatial measures are relatively scale-in…
Introduction-Further Innovations in Segregation and Neighborhood Change Research
This special issue is the second in a two-part series emphasizing recent innovations in the measurement and modeling of segregation and neighborhood change. The segregation/neighborhood change literature has blossomed over the past century from empirical descriptions of the social ecology of Chicago neighborhoods to intermetropolitan comparisons of segregation dynamics over time. During the last two decades, scholars have also begun to incorporat…
Introduction—Segregation and Neighborhood Change
Beginning with the work of University of Chicago sociologists in the 1920s, social scientists have been interested in explaining the uneven group distributions of individuals and households as well as the dynamics driving these distributions by using a human ecological approach (McKenzie, 1924; Park et al., 1925; Park, 1936). By the 1950s, this approach began to take a sharp turn toward formal quantitative analysis, a turn that marked the beginni…
A Local Multidimensional Approach to Evaluate Changes in Segregation
This paper demonstrates a local approach to assess changes in segregation at the neighborhood scale. Many studies on segregation change were conducted at a regional or city scale using a single measure. This approach is not sufficient to document the process of neighborhood change, and using one measure can reflect only a single dimension of multifaceted segregation. In this article, several local measures related to two segregation dimensions ar…
The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (Maup)
Incorporating Data Quality Information in Mapping American Community Survey Data
This paper proposes a set of methods to map the American Community Survey (ACS) data disseminated by the U.S. Census Bureau. The ACS replaces part of the original census (long form) in the 2010 decennial Census in the U.S. Reliability of estimates should be taken into account when analyzing and mapping ACS data because these estimates are derived from surveys with sample sizes much smaller than those in the decennial censuses. Most maps using ACS…
Measuring segregation
Neighborhood racial residential segregation and changes in health or death among older adults
Cartographic techniques for communicating class separability
In mapping population characteristics, data are usually portrayed as accurate without error. However, many population datasets provide estimates derived from surveys or samples, and a certain level of uncertainty is associated with each estimate. Ignoring estimated uncertainty information in mapping may produce misleading maps and generate spurious spatial patterns. In this paper, we introduce a measure of separability to indicate the likelihood …
Evaluating the “geographical awareness” of individuals
A major theme in the geographical studies of social media content such as tweets from Twitter is to extract the locations of content providers (e.g., Twitter users) in order to track their movements or activity patterns. This framework also has been used to detect the dispersion of ideas over space and time. Another theme is to assess how the interaction of these providers may vary between the physical and virtual spaces. However, few geographica…
Geography (38 works) · Computer Science (29 works) · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies (26 works) · Mathematics (25 works) · Sociology (24 works) · Population (21 works) · Statistics (17 works) · Demography (16 works) · Cartography (14 works) · Economic geography (14 works)